Combinatory Categorial Grammar & Natural Language Generation

Notes:

Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG) is a formalism for representing and analyzing the structure of natural language sentences. It is a type of grammar that is based on the idea that the meaning of a sentence can be derived by combining the meanings of its individual words and phrases in a systematic way.

CCG is known for being efficiently parsable, which means that it can be processed and analyzed by computers and other systems in a relatively efficient manner. This makes it useful for tasks such as natural language processing and machine translation, where the ability to quickly and accurately analyze the structure of sentences is important.

At the same time, CCG is also linguistically expressive, which means that it is capable of representing a wide range of language phenomena and structures. This makes it useful for tasks such as language generation and text summarization, where the ability to produce coherent and natural-sounding language is important.

Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG) can be used in natural language generation (NLG) as a way of representing and generating coherent and natural-sounding sentences. NLG is the process of automatically generating human-like text, and it is used in a variety of applications, such as chatbots, language translation systems, and text summarization tools.

One way that CCG can be used in NLG is by representing the structure and meaning of a sentence using the rules and principles of CCG. This allows the NLG system to generate sentences that are grammatically correct and that convey the intended meaning. For example, an NLG system might use CCG to generate a sentence like “The cat chased the mouse,” by combining the meanings of the individual words and phrases in a way that is consistent with the rules of CCG.

In addition to generating grammatically correct and meaningful sentences, CCG can also be used to help the NLG system produce sentences that are more natural-sounding and coherent. For example, the NLG system might use CCG to generate sentences that are coherent in terms of their overall structure and flow, or that use appropriate connecting words and phrases to link ideas together.

Wikipedia:

Combinatory categorial grammar M Steedman, J Baldridge – Non-Transformational Syntax Oxford: …, 2011 – books.google.com 5 Combinatory Categorial Grammar Mark Steedman and Jason Baldridge 5.1 Introduction Categorial Grammar (CG; Ajdukiewicz 1935; Bar-Hillel 1953) is one of the oldest lexicalized grammar formalisms, in which all grammatical constituents are distinguished by a syntactic … Cited by 109 Related articles All 12 versions

Text Parsing for Sign Language Generation with Combinatory Categorial Grammar JW Chung, JC Park – The Second International Workshop on Sign …, 2011 – mt-archive.info … generation, Machine translation, Text analysis General Terms Algorithms, Languages Keywords Korean Sign Language, Natural Language Generation, Combinatory Categorial Grammar 1. INTRODUCTION In recent years, many … Cited by 1 Related articles All 5 versions

Sign language generation with expert systems and ccg A Mazzei – … Seventh International Natural Language Generation …, 2012 – dl.acm.org … In Proceedings of the Seventh Inter- national Workshop on Natural Language Generation, INLG ’94, pages 249–252, Stroudsburg, PA, USA. As- sociation for Computational Linguistics. … 2008. A combinatory categorial grammar of a fragment of american sign language. In Proc. … Cited by 1 Related articles All 6 versions

Parsing combinatory categorial grammar via planning in answer set programming Y Lierler, P Schüller – Correct Reasoning, 2012 – Springer Page 1. Parsing Combinatory Categorial Grammar via Planning in Answer Set Programming Yuliya Lierler 1 and Peter Schüller 2 … Abstract. Combinatory categorial grammar (CCG) is a grammar formalism used for natural language parsing. … Cited by 6 Related articles All 12 versions

[BOOK] Categorial Grammars (RLE Linguistics B: Grammar) MMG Wood – 2014 – books.google.com … viii Contents 4.111.b Permutation 4.111.c Contraction and expansion 4.iv Combinatory categorial grammar 4.v Unification categorial grammars Further reading Current practice 5.1 Phonology 5.11 Morphology 5.111 Syntax 5.111.a Passives 5.111.b ‘Raising* and ‘control* 5.111 … Cited by 214 Related articles All 4 versions

Flexible Combinatory Categorial Grammar Parsing Using the CYK Algorithm and Answer Set Programming P Schüller – Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning, 2013 – Springer Page 1. Flexible Combinatory Categorial Grammar Parsing Using the CYK Algorithm and Answer Set Programming Peter Schüller … Abstract. Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG) is a grammar formalism used for natural language parsing. … Related articles All 6 versions

The osu system for surface realization at generation challenges 2011 R Rajkumar, D Espinosa, M White – … on natural language generation, 2011 – dl.acm.org Page 1. Proceedings of the 13th European Workshop on Natural Language Generation (ENLG), pages 236–238, Nancy, France, September 2011. … In Proc. of EMNLP-09. Michael White. 2006. Efficient Realization of Coordi- nate Structures in Combinatory Categorial Grammar. … Cited by 5 Related articles All 7 versions

Guru: Designing a conversational expert intelligent tutoring system AM Olney, NK Person, AC Graesser… – … Disciplinary Advances in …, 2012 – igi-global.com … applied natural language processing (ANLP) techniques, including natural language understanding, knowledge representation, and natural language generation. … Chapter 17. Combinatory Categorial Grammar for Computer-Assisted Language Learning (pages 258-272). … Cited by 4 Related articles All 2 versions

Enhancing the Expression of Contrast in the SPaRKy Restaurant Corpus DM Howcroft, C Nakatsu, M White – ENLG 2013, 2013 – aclweb.org Proceedings of the 14th European Workshop on Natural Language Generation, pages 30–39, Sofia, Bulgaria, August 8-9 2013. … for RST (Mann and Thompson, 1988)—and showed how they could be generated with Discourse Combinatory Categorial Grammar (DCCG), an … Related articles All 6 versions

Intonation in the grammar of Turkish U Özge, C Bozsahin – Lingua, 2010 – Elsevier … Keywords. Word order; Intonation; Information structure; Turkish; Combinatory Categorial Grammar. References. Baldridge, 2002; Baldridge, J., 2002. Lexically specified derivational control in Combinatory Categorial Grammar. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Edinburgh. … Cited by 16 Related articles All 4 versions

KBGen: text generation from knowledge bases as a new shared task E Banik, C Gardent, D Scott, N Dinesh… – … Language Generation …, 2012 – dl.acm.org … 2010. Gen- erating with discourse combinatory categorial grammar. submitted to Linguistic Issues in Lan- guage Technology . … 2006. Ccg chart realization from disjunctive inputs. In Proceedings of the Fourth International Natural Language Generation Con- ference, 12–19. … Cited by 4 Related articles All 12 versions

Incremental Structured Prediction Using a Global Learning and Beam-Search Framework Y Zhang, M Zhang, T Liu – ACL 2014, 2014 – ling.uni-potsdam.de … Joint segmentation and POS-tagging 2.4 Dependency parsing 2.5 Context free grammar parsing 2.6 Combinatory categorial grammar pars- ing … Dr Zhang’s research interest includes natural language pars- ing, natural language generation, machine trans- lation and machine …

An event-based conversational system for the nao robot I Kruijff-Korbayová, G Athanasopoulos, A Beck… – Proceedings of the …, 2011 – Springer … The compacted lattice is then directly analysed by an agenda-based chart parser, which uses a hand-written competence grammar based on the Multimodal Combinatory Categorial Grammar framework [7] implemented in OpenCCG [4 … 3.5 Natural Language Generation (NLG) … Cited by 14 Related articles All 12 versions

Creating disjunctive logical forms from aligned sentences for grammar-based paraphrase generation S Martin, M White – Proceedings of the Workshop on Monolingual Text- …, 2011 – dl.acm.org … 2007. Avoiding repetition in generated text. In Proceedings of the 11th European Workshop on Natural Language Generation (ENLG 2007). Claire Gardent and Eric Kow. … 2002. Gener- ative models for statistical parsing with Combinatory Categorial Grammar. In Proc. ACL-02. … Cited by 1 Related articles All 12 versions

Learning for deep language understanding S Muresan – IJCAI Proceedings-International Joint Conference on …, 2011 – aaai.org Page 1. Learning for Deep Language Understanding Smaranda Muresan School of Communication and Information, Rutgers University New Brunswick, NJ, USA smuresan@rutgers.edu Abstract The paper addresses the problem … Cited by 10 Related articles All 7 versions

Towards generating text from discourse representation structures V Basile, J Bos – … European Workshop on Natural Language Generation, 2011 – dl.acm.org … In Proc. of the Corpus Linguistics Workshop on Using Corpora for Natural Language Generation, pages 25–32. Mark Steedman. 2001. … 2006. Efficient realization of coordinate structures in combinatory categorial grammar. Re- search on Language & Computation, 4:39–75. 150 Cited by 9 Related articles All 8 versions

Developing a large semantically annotated corpus. V Basile, J Bos, K Evang, N Venhuizen – LREC, 2012 – lrec-conf.org … roughly based on (Sekine et al., 2002)); word senses (WordNet); thematic roles (VerbNet); syntactic structure (Combinatory Categorial Grammar, CCG); semantic … one of the things we have in mind is the use of statistical techniques in natural-language generation, the corpus … Cited by 30 Related articles All 7 versions

Using Ellipsis Detection and Word Similarity for Transformation of Spoken Language into Grammatically Valid Sentences M Giuliani, T Marschall, A Isard – 15th Annual Meeting of the Special …, 2014 – aclweb.org … 2004. Gen- eralizing dimensionality in combinatory categorial grammar. … Springer. Michael White. 2006. CCG chart realization from dis- junctive inputs. In Proceedings of the Fourth Inter- national Natural Language Generation Conference, pages 12–19, Sydney, Australia, July. …

Social state recognition and knowledge-level planning for human-robot interaction in a bartender domain RPA Petrick, ME Foster, A Isard – AAAI 2012 Workshop on Grounding …, 2012 – aaai.org … tures in Combinatory Categorial Grammar. Research on Language and Computation 4(1):39–75. Young, RM, and Moore, JD 1994. DPOCL: a principled approach to discourse planning. In Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Natural Language Generation, … Cited by 7 Related articles All 5 versions

Minimal dependency length in realization ranking M White, R Rajkumar – Proceedings of the 2012 Joint Conference on …, 2012 – dl.acm.org … considerations should prevail. 2.2 Surface Realization with Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG) We provide here a brief overview of CCG and the OpenCCG realizer; for further details, see the works cited below. CCG (Steedman … Cited by 6 Related articles All 5 versions

Glue rules for robust chart realization M White – … European Workshop on Natural Language Generation, 2011 – dl.acm.org Page 1. Proceedings of the 13th European Workshop on Natural Language Generation (ENLG), pages 194–199, Nancy, France, September 2011. … In Proc. INLG-06. Michael White. 2006b. Efficient Realization of Coordi- nate Structures in Combinatory Categorial Grammar. … Cited by 2 Related articles All 7 versions

Syntax-based grammaticality improvement using CCG and guided search Y Zhang, S Clark – Proceedings of the Conference on Empirical Methods …, 2011 – dl.acm.org … 1147 Page 2. 2 The Grammar Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG; Steedman (2000)) is a lexicalized grammar formalism, which associates words with lexical categories. Lexical categories are detailed grammatical labels, typically expressing subcategorisation information. … Cited by 7 Related articles All 8 versions

Deep Natural Language Processing for Italian Sign Language Translation A Mazzei, L Lesmo, C Battaglino, M Vendrame… – AI* IA 2013: Advances in …, 2013 – Springer … Reiter, E., Dale, R.: Building natural language generation systems. Cambridge University Press, New York (2000) 21. White, M.: Efficient realization of coordinate structures in combinatory categorial grammar. Research on Language and Computation 2006, 39–75 (2006) 22. … Related articles All 2 versions

Multimodal child-robot interaction: Building social bonds T Belpaeme, PE Baxter, R Read… – Journal of Human …, 2012 – humanrobotinteraction.org … speech recognition (ASR), natural language understanding (NLU), dialogue manage- ment (DM), natural language generation (NLG) and text-to … processing library, which provides parsing and realization services based on Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG) (Steedman … Cited by 30 Related articles All 10 versions

Towards a Description of Symbolic Maps DC Vale, E Vales, R Izgalieva – INLG 2014, 2014 – anthology.aclweb.org Page 91. Proceedings of the 8th International Natural Language Generation Conference, pages 83–92, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19-21 June 2014. … In Proceedings of the Fifth European Workshop on Natural Language Generation, pages 219–222. Leiden. John A. Bateman. …

Syntax and Data-to-Text Generation C Gardent – Statistical Language and Speech Processing, 2014 – Springer … Association for Computational Linguistics (2010). 2. Baldridge, J., Kruijff, GJM: Multi-modal combinatory categorial grammar. … In: Proceedings of the 1st International Natural Language Generation Conference, Citeseer (2000). 4. Banik, E., Gardent, C., Kow, E., et al.: The KBGen …

Statistical Approaches to Adaptive Natural Language Generation O Lemon, S Janarthanam, V Rieser – Data-Driven Methods for Adaptive …, 2012 – Springer … Page 3. 6 Statistical Approaches to Adaptive Natural Language Generation 105 … It deployed a rule-based planning system for content structuring based on predefined user models and a combinatory categorial grammar (CCG) realiser component [57]. … Related articles All 4 versions

Generating with discourse combinatory categorial grammar C Nakatsu, M White – Linguistic Issues in Language Technology, 2010 – elanguage.net … oriented semantic representa- tion frameworks such as Minimal Recursion Semantics (MRS; Copes- take et al., 2001, 2005) and is well suited to the needs of natural language generation (White and … Page 15. Generating with Discourse Combinatory Categorial Grammar / 13 … Cited by 4 Related articles All 4 versions

Structure-driven lexicalist generation S Narayan, C Gardent – … of the 24th International Conference in …, 2012 – hal.inria.fr … Depending on the type of semantic representation encoded by the grammar, two main types of al- gorithms have been proposed for generating sentences with bi-directional, unification-based gram- mars such as CCG (Combinatory Categorial Grammar, (Espinosa et al., 2010 … Cited by 3 Related articles All 10 versions

Syntax-based word ordering incorporating a large-scale language model Y Zhang, G Blackwood, S Clark – Proceedings of the 13th Conference of …, 2012 – dl.acm.org … our extensions. 2.1 Combinatory Categorial Grammar CCG, and parsing with CCG, has been described elsewhere (Clark and Curran, 2007; Hockenmaier and Steedman, 2002); here we provide only a short description. CCG … Cited by 3 Related articles All 13 versions

Generating Elliptic Coordination C Gardent, S Narayan – … on Natural Language Generation …, 2013 – hal.archives-ouvertes.fr … Grammar), Dalrym- ple and Kaplan (2000) employ set values to model coordination; in CCG (Combinatory Categorial Grammar, (Steedman, 1996 … Author manuscript, published in “the 14th European Workshop on Natural Language Generation (ENLG), Sofia : Bulgaria (2013)” … Related articles All 10 versions

Toward Interactive Grounded Language Acqusition. T Kollar, J Krishnamurthy, G Strimel – Robotics: Science and …, 2013 – andrew.cmu.edu … a)). B. Semantic Parsing LSP uses a Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG) to parse natural language statements into logical forms. Logical … scene. The natural language generation mode of the system is shown in Figure 4. A … Cited by 1 Related articles All 10 versions

Planning for Social Interaction in a Robot Bartender Domain. RPA Petrick, ME Foster – ICAPS, 2013 – aaai.org Page 1. Planning for Social Interaction in a Robot Bartender Domain Ronald PA Petrick School of Informatics University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH8 9AB, Scotland, UK rpetrick@inf.ed.ac.uk Mary Ellen Foster School of Mathematical … Cited by 15 Related articles All 5 versions

Better Surface Realization through Psycholinguistics R Rajkumar, M White – Language and Linguistics Compass, 2014 – Wiley Online Library … In this survey, we review recent progress on surface realization in natural language generation (NLG), highlighting how machine learning models have moved beyond n-grams to successfully incorporate linguistic insights into increasingly rich models. …

Building a generator for Italian sign language A Mazzei – … European Workshop on Natural Language Generation, 2011 – dl.acm.org … E. Reiterand and R. Dale. 2000. Building natural language generation systems. Cambridge University Press. … 2006. Efficient realization of coordinate struc- tures in combinatory categorial grammar. Research on Language and Computation, 2006(4(1)):39—75. T. Wright. 2008. … Cited by 2 Related articles All 5 versions

Instance-based natural language generation S Varges, C Mellish – Natural Language Engineering, 2010 – Cambridge Univ Press … c Cambridge University Press 2010 doi:10.1017/S1351324910000069 309 Instance-based natural language generation … Abstract We investigate the use of instance-based ranking methods for surface realization in natural language generation. … Cited by 7 Related articles All 11 versions

Dependency-based n-gram models for general purpose sentence realisation Y Guo, H Wang, J Van Genabith – Natural Language …, 2011 – Cambridge Univ Press … Adjoining Grammar (TAG), Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG), Lexical-Functional Grammar (LFG) and Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG), have … 2 More grammar-based natural language generation systems can be found in an extensive list of existing NLG … Cited by 24 Related articles All 18 versions

Task-based evaluation of context-sensitive referring expressions in human–robot dialogue ME Foster, M Giuliani, A Isard – Language and Cognitive Processes, 2013 – Taylor & Francis … The generation of referring expressions (GREs) is one of the most clearly defined sub-tasks in natural language generation (NLG) and is therefore one of the tasks that has received the most attention. The classic … Cited by 1 Related articles

Ontology based interlingua translation L Lesmo, A Mazzei, DP Radicioni – Computational Linguistics and …, 2011 – Springer … Technical Report D17, ISTC-CNR (2002) 10. Reiterand, E., Dale, R.: Building natural language generation systems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2000) 11. White, M.: Efficient realization of coordinate structures in combinatory categorial grammar. … Cited by 2 Related articles All 7 versions

Computational aspects of lexical functional grammar M Forst – Language and Linguistics Compass, 2011 – Wiley Online Library … Also, like HPSG and other linguistically expressive formalism such as combinatory categorial grammar (CCG; Steedman 2001) and tree-adjoining grammars (TAG; Joshi and Schabes 1997), LFG is commonly used in computational linguistics and NLP. … Cited by 2 Related articles

OpenCCG Realizer Manual M White – Documentation of the OpenCCG Realizer, 2012 – svn.kwarc.info … The OpenCCG realizer [WB03, Whi04a, Whi04b, Whi05] is an open source surface realizer for Steedman’s [Ste00a, Ste00b] Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG), including the multi-modal extensions to CCG devised by Baldridge and Kruijff [Bal02, BK03a]. … Cited by 3 Related articles

Banking meaning representations from treebanks A Butler, K Yoshimoto – Linguistic Issues in Language Technology, 2012 – elanguage.net … of syntactic struc- tures, eg, constituent trees or feature structures, to attain a handle on valid dependencies (see for example Government and Binding Theory, Lexical Functional Grammar, Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar, Combinatory Categorial Grammar and Dynamic … Cited by 3 Related articles All 3 versions

Partial-tree linearization: generalized word ordering for text synthesis Y Zhang – Proceedings of the Twenty-Third international joint …, 2013 – dl.acm.org … 1 Introduction Word ordering is a fundamental problem in natural language generation (NLG). … Zhang and Clark [2011] apply learning-guided search to order an in- put bag of words using the combinatory categorial grammar (CCG). … Cited by 1 Related articles All 4 versions

Supertagging With Combinatory Categorial Grammar For Dependency Parsing BK AKKUS – 2014 – ceng.metu.edu.tr … 2 Page 19. CHAPTER 2 COMBINATORY CATEGORIAL GRAMMAR CCG [42] is mildly context sensitive and it is an extension of Categorial Grammar … and Steedman [27], Clark and Curran [18]), natural language generation (White and …

[BOOK] Grammatical framework: Programming with multilingual grammars A Ranta – 2011 – grammaticalframework.org … HPSG (Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammars, Pollard and Sag 1994), TAG (Tree-Adjoining Grammars, Joshi 1985) CCG (Combinatory Categorial Grammar, Steedman 1988) Core Language Engine (Alshawi 1992) MRS (Minimal Recursion Semantics, Copestake & al. … Cited by 113 Related articles All 2 versions

Shared task proposal: Syntactic paraphrase ranking M White – … Seventh International Natural Language Generation …, 2012 – dl.acm.org Page 1. INLG 2012 Proceedings of the 7th International Natural Language Generation Conference, pages 150–153, Utica, May 2012. … 2003. Data and models for statis- tical parsing with Combinatory Categorial Grammar. Ph.D. thesis, University of Edinburgh. Nitin Madnani. … Cited by 2 Related articles All 6 versions

An ontology based architecture for translation L Lesmo, A Mazzei, DP Radicioni – Proceedings of the Ninth International …, 2011 – dl.acm.org … In In Proceedings of the 11th European Workshop on Natural Language Generation, Schloss Dagstuhl. Hudson, R. (1984). … Efficient realization of coordinate structures in combinatory categorial grammar. Research on Language and Computation 2006(4(1)), 39—75. … Cited by 2 Related articles All 8 versions

Toward Semantic Machine Translation J Andreas – 2012 – academiccommons.columbia.edu … This parser used in this work is the one introduced by Kwiatkowski et al. [KZGS10] in 2010, which learns a combinatory categorial grammar annotated with ?-calculus expres- … related to the parsing problem. Early natural language generation systems, like their coun- … Related articles

[BOOK] Hat Categories: Representing Form and Function Simultaneously in Combinatory Categorial Grammar M Honnibal – 2010 – it.usyd.edu.au … 1985). 23 Page 24. 24 Chapter 2. Combinatory Categorial Grammar its psychological plausibility (Steedman, 2000). This … semantic analysis, natural language generation, and machine translation. 2.1 Category Definition Categorial … Cited by 3 Related articles All 2 versions

Developing an enriched natural language grammar for prosodically-improved concent-to-speech synthesis L Marais – 2014 – uir.unisa.ac.za … 15 1.1.2 Combinatory Categorial Grammar . . … be seen as consisting of five main components: Automatic Speech Recognition, Natu- ral Language Understanding, Task Management (which handles reasoning and information retrieval), Natural Language Generation and Speech …

[BOOK] Proceedings of the Paralinguistic Information and Its Integration in Spoken Dialogue Systems Workshop RLC Delgado, T Kobayashi – 2011 – books.google.com … 127 3.3 Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR)…. 127 3.4 Natural Language Understanding (NLU)…. 128 3.5 Natural Language Generation (NLG)…. 128 3.6 Text-To-Speech Synthesis (TTS)…. 129 … Cited by 1 All 3 versions

Natural Language Generation O Dušek – 2013 – ufal.mff.cuni.cz … Example: OpenCCG ? General purpose, multi-lingual ? Combinatory Categorial Grammar ? Used in several projects ? With statistical enhancements Ondrej Dušek Natural Language Generation Page 17. Overview Content Planning Surface Realization … Related articles All 2 versions

NL from logic: connecting entailment and generation C Cremers – Logic, Language and Meaning, 2010 – Springer … Page 10. NL from Logic: Connecting Entailment and Generation 103 References 1. Baldridge, J., Kruijff, G.-JM: Multi-modal Combinatory Categorial Grammar. … In: Proceedings of the 7th European Workshop on Natural Language Generation (EWNLG 1999), pp. … Related articles All 5 versions

[BOOK] Taking scope: The natural semantics of quantifiers M Steedman – 2012 – books.google.com … Polarity, and Monotone Entailment 56 Model Theory (with Stephen Isard) 61 Part II Natural Grammar Chapter 6 5.1 Nonstandard Features of the Model Theory 61 5.2 Syntax 63 5.3 Semantics 65 5.4 Examples 67 5.5 Remarks 71 Combinatory Categorial Grammar 77 6.1 The … Cited by 28 Related articles All 2 versions

Further meta-evaluation of broad-coverage surface realization D Espinosa, R Rajkumar, M White… – Proceedings of the 2010 …, 2010 – dl.acm.org … 2009. An investigation into the validity of some metrics for automatically evaluating natural language generation systems. … 2006. Efficient Realization of Coordi- nate Structures in Combinatory Categorial Grammar. Research on Language and Computation, 4(1):39–75. 572 … Cited by 4 Related articles All 6 versions

Generating multimodal grammars for multimodal dialogue processing A D’Ulizia, F Ferri, P Grifoni – Systems, Man and Cybernetics, …, 2010 – ieeexplore.ieee.org … use. Multimodal combinatory categorial grammar (MCCG) [25] is applied in one of the most recent approaches to MLP [18]. MCCG is an adaptation of combinatory categorial grammar (CCG) [26], [27] for multimodal sentences. … Cited by 12 Related articles All 3 versions

Probabilistic grammar induction from sentences and structured meanings TM Kwiatkowski – 2012 – era.lib.ed.ac.uk … forms, and as a ‘glue language’ allowing logical-forms to be composed in a parse. Section 2.2 then reviews the Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG) used to build parses of a sentence. … We shall see an example of this in Chapter 4. 2.2 Combinatory Categorial Grammar … Cited by 1 Related articles All 2 versions

A linguistically inspired statistical model for Chinese punctuation generation Y Guo, H Wang, J Van Genabith – ACM Transactions on Asian Language …, 2010 – dl.acm.org … In a wide-coverage Combinatory Categorial Grammar setting for sentence realization, White and Rajkumar [2008] capture punctu- ation using semantic discourse features in the generation input, generating sentences using punctuation-enhanced grammars, again using … Cited by 16 Related articles

Don’t ‘have a clue’?: unsupervised co-learning of downward-entailing operators C Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil, L Lee – … of the ACL 2010 Conference Short …, 2010 – dl.acm.org … other than simple negations, although these systems almost all rely on small handcrafted lists of DE operators [1–3, 15, 16].2 Other application areas are natural- language generation and human … Creating a nat- ural logic inference system with combinatory categorial grammar. … Cited by 8 Related articles All 13 versions

Applying the General Upper Model for Automatic Generation of Spatial Language in Brazilian Portuguese RG de Oliveira – 2013 – homepages.abdn.ac.uk … were applied in the implementation of a grammar of Brazilian Portuguese within an existing Natural Language Generation environment. … Francez and Steedman (2006), in treating time and space within the Combinatory Categorial Grammar framework, describe the equivalent … Related articles

Towards Surface Realization with CCGs Induced from Dependencies ST Input – INLG 2014, 2014 – aclweb.org Proceedings of the 8th International Natural Language Generation Conference, pages 147–151, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19-21 June 2014. … and seman- tic parsing (Kwiatkowksi et al., 2010; Artzi and Zettlemoyer, 2013) with Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG), we …

Theory Of Pivotal Clause And Chinese Language Processing Y Shuang-Yun, W Yu-Hong, S Wei – New Mathematics and Natural …, 2013 – World Scientific Page 1. THEORY OF PIVOTAL CLAUSE AND CHINESE LANGUAGE PROCESSING YAO SHUANG-YUN*, WANG YU-HONG and SHEN WEI Center for Language & Language Education Central China Normal University Wuhan Hubei 430079, China *ysy678@gmail.com … Related articles All 4 versions

String-to-dependency statistical machine translation L Shen, J Xu, R Weischedel – Computational Linguistics, 2010 – MIT Press Page 1. String-to-Dependency Statistical Machine Translation Libin Shen ? Raytheon BBN Technologies Jinxi Xu ?? Raytheon BBN Technologies Ralph Weischedel † Raytheon BBN Technologies We propose a novel string … Cited by 31 Related articles All 8 versions

A computational cognitive model of syntactic priming D Reitter, F Keller, JD Moore – Cognitive science, 2011 – Wiley Online Library … used in priming experiments. However, the syntactic basis of the model is a linguistic theory that covers a wide range of syntactic phenomena, viz., Combinatory Categorial Grammar (Steedman, 1999). The model presented … Cited by 40 Related articles All 12 versions

Situated reference in a hybrid human-robot interaction system M Giuliani, ME Foster, A Isard, C Matheson… – … Language Generation …, 2010 – dl.acm.org … opinions of the robot’s inter- active ability. These studies together support the current effort in the natural-language generation community to devise more sophisticated reference generation algorithms. On the other hand, there was … Cited by 9 Related articles All 12 versions

Is Bad Structure Better Than No Structure?: Unsupervised Parsing for Realisation Ranking YM FrançoisLAREAU – 2012 – kde.cs.tut.ac.jp … 2 Introduction Natural Language Generation (NLG) systems take some machine-oriented input such as databases, knowledge bases or … and Rajkumar (2009) similarly show that ranking for Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG)- and Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG)-based … Related articles All 7 versions

Ontological diversity: the case from space. JA Bateman – FOIS, 2010 – books.google.com … series of papers by Kracht [22, 23], while a rather different angle is taken within a combinatory categorial grammar (CCG) framework … motivated ontology, called the Generalized Upper Model (GUM:[6]), originally developed for use within the Penman natural language generation … Cited by 4 Related articles All 7 versions

Situated dialogue processing for human-robot interaction GJM Kruijff, P Lison, T Benjamin, H Jacobsson… – Cognitive …, 2010 – Springer … Gradual construction. Utterance meanings are constructed incrementally, using Combinatory Categorial Grammar [15, 16]. … For modeling nat- ural language grammar we use the Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG) framework [15, 16]. … Cited by 28 Related articles All 10 versions

A translation from logic to English with dynamic semantics E Coppock, D Baxter – New Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 2010 – Springer … Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG) [17–20], Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG) [21–24] and Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG) [25 … HPSG and DRT (see [32] and references cited therein) could potentially be used in a practical natural language generation sys- tem … Cited by 1 Related articles All 13 versions

Generating tailored, comparative descriptions with contextually appropriate intonation M White, RAJ Clark, JD Moore – Computational Linguistics, 2010 – MIT Press … approach to generating contextually appropriate intonation follows Prevost (1995) and Steedman (2000a) in using Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG) to … Section 2 presents our ap- proach to natural language generation (NLG) in the information presentation phase of a … Cited by 14 Related articles All 13 versions

Review: Realization with CCG A Rudnick – 2010 – cs.indiana.edu … The extensions presented by White et al broaden the realization coverage and robust- ness of OpenCCG [10], a freely available system for NLP with the Combinatory Categorial Grammar, in several … of the 4th International Conference on Natural Language Generation (INLG-06 … Cited by 2 Related articles All 2 versions

Deep syntax annotation of the Sequoia French treebank M Candito, G Perrier, B Guillaume, C Ribeyre… – … and Evaluation (LREC), 2014 – hal.inria.fr Page 1. Deep Syntax Annotation of the Sequoia French Treebank Marie Candito?, Guy Perrier†, Bruno Guillaume‡, Corentin Ribeyre?, Karën Fort†, Djamé Seddah , Éric de la Clergerie? ? Université Paris Diderot/INRIA †Université … Cited by 6 Related articles All 7 versions

Sentence Realisation from Bag-of-Words with Dependency Constraints K Kumar – 2010 – web2py.iiit.ac.in … Figure 1.1 Tasks of Natural Language Generation … or by the application of a set of grammar rules based on particular linguistic theories, eg Lexical Functional Grammar (LFG), Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG), Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG), Tree … Related articles All 2 versions

Linguistically Motivated Features for CCG Realization Ranking RP Rajkumar – 2012 – rave.ohiolink.edu … ABSTRACT Natural Language Generation (NLG) is the process of generating natural language text … Eye Tracking for the Online Evaluation of Prosody in Speech Synthesis. In Bangalore Srinivas and Amanda Stent, editors, Natural Language Generation in Interactive Systems. … Related articles All 2 versions

Improved Evaluation and Parse Reranking for Combinatory Categorial Grammar D NG – 2010 – sydney.edu.au … We assess a new style of parser evaluation for the C&C Combinatory Categorial Grammar parser, demonstrating that an extrinsic task-based evaluation of parsers is meaningful and can be successfully implemented. … 23 Chapter 3 Combinatory Categorial Grammar 25 … Related articles All 3 versions

[BOOK] Multilingual text generation from structured formal representations D Dannélls – 2013 – gupea.ub.gu.se … ABSTRACT This thesis aims to identify the optimal ways in which natural language generation techniques can be brought to bear upon the problem of pro- cessing a structured body of information in order to devise a coherent presentation of text content in multiple languages. … Related articles All 2 versions

Semi-supervised semantic role labeling via structural alignment H Fürstenau, M Lapata – Computational Linguistics, 2012 – MIT Press Cited by 11 Related articles All 9 versions

Computation and modeling of information structure M Stede – The Expression of Information Structure, 2012 – books.google.com … Natural language generation (NLG) has always been conceived as a matter of serialized choices under constraints: In addition to the constraint that the output faithfully present the meaning encoded in its input, many Page 388. …

Null Complement Anaphors as definite descriptions A Williams – Proceedings of SALT, 2012 – elanguage.net Page 1. Proceedings of SALT 22: 125–145, 2012 Null Complement Anaphors as definite descriptions ? Alexander Williams University of Maryland Abstract This paper develops the observation that, for many predicates, Null … Cited by 2 Related articles All 5 versions

Comparing Classical and Embodied Multimodal Fusion for Human-Robot Interaction M Giuliani – 2011 – mediatum.ub.tum.de … 24 3.2 Hybrid logic formula that was generated with a combinatory categorial grammar for the sentence “take this yellow cube”. … 63 4.11 Hybrid logic formula that was generated with a combinatory categorial grammar for the sentence “give me this cube”. . . . … Cited by 1 Related articles All 4 versions

Enriching Models for Statistical Machine Translation and Predicting their Accuracies P Kolachina – 2012 – web2py.iiit.ac.in Page 1. Enriching Models for Statistical Machine Translation and Predicting their Accuracies Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science (by Research) in Computer Science by Prasanth Kolachina 200402020 … Related articles

A Graph-Based Approach to String Regeneration M Horvat, W Byrne – 2013 – cl.cam.ac.uk … It can be considered as the most unconstrained and shallowest meaning representation provided to a Natural Language Generation system. … of Bush’s policy in Iraq. The string regeneration problem is most often investigated in the field of Natural Language Generation. … Cited by 1 Related articles All 4 versions

LFG parse disambiguation for Wolof CMB Dione – Journal of Language Modelling, 2014 – jlm.ipipan.waw.pl Page 1. LFG parse disambiguation for Wolof Cheikh M. Bamba Dione University of Bergen abstract Keywords: LFG, computational grammar, Constraint Grammar, c-structure pruning, discriminant- based disambiguation, Wolof, underspecification, optimality marks …

A Minimalist Approach to Generating Coherent Texts E Banik – 2010 – eva.banik.cc … supervisor, Aravind Joshi, who encouraged me to move to Milton Keynes and do a PhD in natural language generation. … We apply this principle to grammar design in natural language generation and show that it also leads to a simpler system architecture. … Related articles All 2 versions

Wide-coverage CCG parsing with quantifier scope D Kartsaklis – 2010 – inf.ed.ac.uk … anisms. As a grammar formalism for this work we use Combinatory Categorial Grammar (CCG), exploiting its lexicalized nature and the surface-compositional semantics that provides. … this work. 2.2 Combinatory Categorial Grammar 2.2.1 Introduction … Cited by 1 Related articles All 3 versions

User preferences can drive facial expressions: evaluating an embodied conversational agent in a recommender dialogue system ME Foster, J Oberlander – User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction, 2010 – Springer … The usefulness of automated methods for evaluating generated output is still a hotly debated subject among researchers in natural language generation (White and Dale 2007), and it is not clear how often in practice the predictions of automated measures agree with human … Cited by 2 Related articles All 9 versions

Statistical Parsing by Machine Learning from a Classical Arabic Treebank K Dukes – 2013 – kaisdukes.com … 161 LAS Labelled Attachment Score 35 LDC Linguistic Data Consortium 24 MSA Modern Standard Arabic 2 NLG Natural Language Generation 166 NLP Natural Language Processing 45 NLTK Natural Language Toolkit 233 NS Nominal Sentence 118 … Cited by 3 Related articles

Text Complexity And Text Simplification I Temnikova – 2012 – wlv.openrepository.com … adaptability, and provides original contributions to machine translation, controlled languages, and natural language generation evaluation techniques, which make it valuable for several scientific … NLG – Natural Language Generation NLP – Natural Language Processing … Cited by 7 Related articles All 4 versions