Notes:
A context-free grammar (CFG) is a set of rules that defines how to generate a string of symbols from a given language. It consists of a set of terminal symbols, which are the symbols that make up the strings in the language, and a set of nonterminal symbols, which are used to represent the structure of the strings. The rules of a CFG specify how to replace a nonterminal symbol with a sequence of terminal and/or nonterminal symbols.
In the context of natural language generation, a context-free grammar can be used to generate natural language text by defining the structure and rules for combining words and phrases in a language. For example, a CFG for English might include rules for forming grammatically correct sentences by combining nouns, verbs, and other parts of speech in a specific way. By using a CFG, it is possible to generate a wide range of natural language text that follows the rules and structure of the language.
Wikipedia:
See also:
CFG (Context-free Grammar) Parsers | Grammar Parsing & Natural Language Generation | PCFG (Probabilistic Context Free Grammar) & Dialog Systems | Semantic Grammars & Dialog Systems
Natural Language Generation with Vocabulary Constraints B Swanson, RI Providence, E Yamangil, E Charniak – ACL 2014, 2014 – acl2014.org … cO2014 Association for Computational Linguistics Natural Language Generation with Vocabulary Constraints Ben Swanson Brown University Providence, RI chonger … This is simply a convenient rephrasing of the Context Free Grammar formalism, and as such the systems we …
Alexander Clark, Chris Fox and Shalom Lappin (eds): Handbook of computational linguistics and natural language processing P Banerjee – Machine Translation, 2012 – Springer … paradigm of structured language models aimed at capturing the complex dependencies inherent in natural language based on probabilistic context-free grammar (PCFG). … The problem of Natural Language Generation (NLG) has been covered in Chapter 20 by Ehud Reiter. … Related articles All 9 versions
Unsupervised concept-to-text generation with hypergraphs I Konstas, M Lapata – Proceedings of the 2012 Conference of the North …, 2012 – dl.acm.org … Rather than breaking up the generation pro- cess into a sequence of local decisions, we de- fine a probabilistic context-free grammar that globally describes the inherent structure of the input (a corpus of database records and text describing some of them). … Cited by 14 Related articles All 6 versions
Concept-to-text generation via discriminative reranking I Konstas, M Lapata – Proceedings of the 50th Annual Meeting of the …, 2012 – dl.acm.org … prob- lem. We define a probabilistic context-free grammar that describes the structure of the in- put (a corpus of database records and text de- scribing some of them) and represent it com- pactly as a weighted hypergraph. The … Cited by 16 Related articles All 5 versions
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Natural language parsing using Fuzzy Simple LR (FSLR) parser SG Kanakaraddi, V Ramaswamy – … Conference (IACC), 2014 …, 2014 – ieeexplore.ieee.org … This paper discusses a procedure for constructing an LR parse table from Fuzzy context free grammar and using this table the input sentence is tested for … NLP is a technology that concerns with natural language generation (NLG) and natural language understanding (NLU). … Related articles
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Describing video contents in natural language MUG Khan, Y Gotoh – Proceedings of the Workshop on Innovative Hybrid …, 2012 – dl.acm.org … 4 Natural Language Generation … These objects are usually helpful for description of background and scene settings. A template filling approach based on context free grammar (CFG) is implemented for sentence generation. … Cited by 6 Related articles All 6 versions
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[BOOK] Speech and Language Processing D Jurafsky, JH Martin – 2014 – cs.colorado.edu … This includes the context-free grammar, first defined by Chomsky (1956) for natural languages but independently discovered by Backus (1959) and Naur et al. … This period also saw considerable work on natural language generation. 1.6.5 The Field Comes Together: 1994–1999 … Cited by 31 Related articles All 18 versions
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A Global Model for Concept-to-Text Generation. I Konstas, M Lapata – J. Artif. Intell. Res.(JAIR), 2013 – jair.org … Rather than breaking up the generation process into a sequence of local decisions, we define a probabilis- tic context-free grammar that globally describes the inherent structure of the input (a corpus of database records and text describing some of them). … Cited by 1 Related articles All 3 versions
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Constituent structure representation of Pashto Endoclitics A Din, B Ranaivo-Malancon, MGA Malik – … of the Fifth Workshop on South …, 2014 – aclweb.org … Page numbers and proceedings footer are added by the organisers. Licence details: http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by/4.0/ 74 Page 87. ment of Context Free Grammar (CFG) rules for endoclitic generation in natural language generation systems. …
Optimising incremental dialogue decisions using information density for interactive systems N Dethlefs, H Hastie, V Rieser, O Lemon – Proceedings of the 2012 Joint …, 2012 – dl.acm.org … 2000). This algorithm takes a set of strings as input and computes a context-free grammar as output by align- ing strings based on Minimum Edit Distance. We use the n?gram language models trained earlier to 88 Page 8. Attribute … Cited by 14 Related articles All 7 versions
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Flexible Combinatory Categorial Grammar Parsing Using the CYK Algorithm and Answer Set Programming P Schüller – Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning, 2013 – Springer … The CYK algorithm was originally proposed for parsing Context Free Grammar in Chomsky Normal Form [12, 19, 33], ie, grammars with rules of the form A ? BC (corresponding to binary CCG combinators) and A ? c (corresponding to application of the function f) only, where A … Related articles All 6 versions
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Towards Object Descriptions in Natural Language from Qualitative Models. Z Falomir, LM Cabedo, P Ródenas, I Sanz – CCIA, 2012 – books.google.com … 6. Conclusions and Future Work A context-free grammar G (QODNL) is de?ned in this paper for obtaining a narrative description of the shape and colour of the objects within digital … In Proceedings of the Fifth International Natural Language Generation Conference (INLG ’08). … Cited by 1 Related articles All 6 versions
Basic Classes of Grammars with Prohibition M Burgin – arXiv preprint arXiv:1302.5181, 2013 – arxiv.org … As a result, the principal limitation of existing programs that perform natural language generation is that they … A grammar G that belongs to G12 is called context-sensitive\context- free grammar and the corresponding language L(G) is called … Related articles All 2 versions
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Efficient latent structural perceptron with hybrid trees for semantic parsing J Zhou, J Xu, W Qu – Proceedings of the Twenty-Third international joint …, 2013 – dl.acm.org … 2246 Page 2. and Mooney, 2007] learns a synchronous context-free grammar (SCFG) for semantic parsing based on machine translation techniques. [Kate and Mooney, 2006] introduce a semantic parser called KRISP based on string kernels. … Cited by 1 Related articles All 4 versions
[BOOK] Natural language in business process models H Leopold – 2013 – Springer … NA No-Action Style NL Natural Language NLG Natural Language Generation NLP Natural Language Processing NP Noun Phrase OANC Open American National Corpus ORM Object-Role Modeling PCFG Probabilistic Context Free Grammar PM Process Model PQ Participle … Cited by 2 Related articles
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MyProLang-My Programming Language: A Template-Driven Automatic Natural Programming Language Y Bassil, A Barbar – arXiv preprint arXiv:1204.0221, 2012 – arxiv.org … An automatic programming language can exploit natural language generation techniques with the purpose of producing natural source-code instead of … source-to-source compiler is composed of a lexical analyzer, recursive-descent parser of context-free grammar, a semantic … Cited by 3 Related articles All 9 versions
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Joint models for concept-to-text generation I Konstas – 2014 – era.lib.ed.ac.uk … in a uniform joint manner. Rather than breaking up the generation process into a se- quence of local decisions, we define a probabilistic context-free grammar that glob- … We construct a syntactic probabilistic context-free grammar that globally captures the conceptual input … Related articles
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Toward Semantic Machine Translation J Andreas – 2012 – academiccommons.columbia.edu … representation language, Wong and Mooney’s wasp [WM06] which learns a synchronous context free grammar over logical expressions and natural language representations, and … related to the parsing problem. Early natural language generation systems, like their coun- … Related articles
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Stylometric analysis of scientific articles S Bergsma, M Post, D Yarowsky – … of the 2012 Conference of the North …, 2012 – dl.acm.org … 6.2). CFG Rules: We include a feature for every unique, single-level context-free- grammar (CFG) rule appli- cation in a paper (following Baayen et al. (1996), Gamon (2004), Hirst and Feiguina (2007), Wong and Dras (2011)). … Cited by 29 Related articles All 7 versions
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Grounded language learning models for ambiguous supervision JH Kim – 2013 – repositories.lib.utexas.edu … 34 3.5 Natural language generation (surface realization) results (BLEU score). . . . … Next, we present two unsupervised probabilistic context-free grammar (PCFG) induction models evaluated on the navigation task previously inves- tigated by Chen and Mooney (2011). … Related articles All 3 versions
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Nonstrict Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning for Interactive Systems and Robots H Cuayáhuitl, I Kruijff-Korbayová… – ACM Transactions on …, 2014 – dl.acm.org Page 1. 15 Nonstrict Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning for Interactive Systems and Robots HERIBERTO CUAY ´AHUITL, Heriot-Watt University, United Kingdom IVANA KRUIJFF-KORBAYOV ´A, German Research Centre … Cited by 1
A Proposed Software Description Language for Representing Program Logic in XML KZ Mahmoud – 2012 – meu.edu.jo … 7 2-2 Context Free Grammar Types 8 … Page 22. 8 Phrase-structure grammars have four types; type 3 (regular grammar), type 2 (context free grammar), type 1 (context sensitive grammar) and type 0 (Rosen, 2011). Those types differ in the way productions are written. … Related articles All 2 versions
Speech-centric information processing: An optimization-oriented approach X He, L Deng – Proceedings of the IEEE, 2013 – ieeexplore.ieee.org … The latter includes gener- ative models/methods of hidden Markov model (HMM) and composite HMM/context-free grammar (CFG) and … Further additions of natural language generation, text-to-speech synthesis, and user modeling components will complete the full, closed-loop … Cited by 14 Related articles All 11 versions
Enriching Models for Statistical Machine Translation and Predicting their Accuracies P Kolachina – 2012 – web2py.iiit.ac.in … channel model used in SMT. In the case of syntax-directed models, parallel corpora annotated with syntactic information is used to extract a synchronous context-free grammar for a specific language pair. The decoder constructs a … Related articles
Style-Specific Phrasing in Speech Synthesis A Parlikar – 2013 – lti.cs.cmu.edu Page 1. Style-Specific Phrasing in Speech Synthesis Alok Parlikar CMU-LTI-13-012 Language Technologies Institute School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University 5000 Forbes Avenue Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Thesis Committee Alan W Black Carnegie Mellon … Cited by 3 Related articles All 5 versions
Identification of Events in Use Cases J Jurkiewicz – 2013 – fcm.put.poznan.pl … Non-functional Requirement NLP Natural Language Processing NLG Natural Language Generation NRMSD Normalized Root Mean Squared Deviation O OMG Object Management Group Page 12. List of Abbreviations VI P PCFG Probabilistic Context Free Grammar POS Part … Related articles All 4 versions
Detecting Grammatical Errors with Treebank-Induced, Probabilistic Parsers J Wagner – 2012 – core.kmi.open.ac.uk Page 1. Detecting Grammatical Errors with Treebank-Induced, Probabilistic Parsers Joachim Wagner Magister Artium A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy to the Dublin City University School of Computing … Cited by 5 Related articles All 7 versions
End-to-End Discourse Parsing with Cascaded Structured Prediction S Ghosh – 2012 – eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it … 18 1.1.4.4 Summarization . . . . . 19 1.1.4.5 Question Answering . . . . . 20 1.1.4.6 Natural Language Generation . . . . . 21 1.1.4.7 Statistical Machine Translation . . . . . 21 1.1.4.8 Misc. . . . . 22 1.2 Corpora . . . . . … Cited by 2 Related articles
A Chatbot Dialogue Manager-Chatbots and Dialogue Systems: A Hybrid Approach A Woudenberg – 2014 – dspace.learningnetworks.org … 18 3.4.2 Text-to-speech synthesis . . . . . 19 3.4.3 Natural language understanding . . . . . 19 3.4.4 Natural language generation . . . . . 21 3.4.5 Dialogue manager . . . . . 21 iv Page 8. 3.4.6 Task manager . . . . . …
Lexical Cohesion Analysis For Topic Segmentation, Summarization And Keyphrase Extraction G Ercan – 2012 – thesis.bilkent.edu.tr … computational model and the Natural Language Generation (NLG) component maps the computational model to natural language. For both NLG and NLU, we … Building abstracts usually involves natural language generation from a model, transformation or compression of the …
An overview of computational challenges in online advertising RE Chatwin – American Control Conference (ACC), 2013, 2013 – ieeexplore.ieee.org Page 1. An Overview of Computational Challenges in Online Advertising Richard E. Chatwin1 Abstract— Online advertising is a large and rapidly growing business. The major players in the space, namely advertis- ers, publishers … Cited by 2 Related articles
Blog Mining and Emotion Argumentation Argumentation SBSBS Bandyopadhyay – 2012 – dspace.jdvu.ac.in Page 1. Blog Mining and Emotion Argumentation Argumentation Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Jadavpur University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree Of Master of Computer … Related articles All 2 versions
Improved Integrated Mining of Heterogeneous Data in Decision Support Systems IT Fatudimu – 2012 – core.kmi.open.ac.uk Page 1. IMPROVED INTEGRATED MINING OF HETEROGENEOUS DATA IN DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS BY FATUDIMU, Ibukun Tolulope ( CUGP050145) B.Sc (Hons) Engineering Physics (Obafemi Awolowo University … Related articles All 3 versions
Statistical Dialog Management for Health Interventions U Yasavur – 2014 – digitalcommons.fiu.edu … strategy. The output module consists of a Natural Language Generation (NLG) system and a Text-To-Speech (TTS) engine. Depending on the domain of interest 8 Page 20. … 15 Page 27. • A statistical planning approach to natural language generation for Information …
Lost and Found in Translation: Cross-Lingual Question Answering with Result Translation K Parton – 2012 – cs.columbia.edu Page 1. Lost and Found in Translation: Cross-Lingual Question Answering with Result Translation Kristen Parton Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY … Related articles All 4 versions