What is the main principle on which artificial intelligence works?
By definition, the raison d’être of artificial intelligence is to copy natural intelligence. (Whereas, Synthetic intelligence is another ball game.)
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Note, there are two confusing issues here. 1) Is the machine really as smart or smarter than a person, or 2) can that machine simply convince (notoriously gullible) people that it is smart?
(Personally, I believe Alan Turing has lead the world on a merry goose chase down the wrong road, based on the all too human fallacy of Anthropomorphism.)