Notes:
AutoTutor is a computer-based intelligent tutoring system (ITS) that is designed to help students learn a variety of subjects, including Newtonian physics, computer literacy, and critical thinking, through tutorial dialogue in natural language. The system was developed by researchers at the Institute for Intelligent Systems at the University of Memphis, and it is designed to interact with students in a way that is similar to a human tutor.
AutoTutor is based on a number of advanced AI technologies, including natural language processing (NLP), machine learning, and dialogue management. It is able to understand and interpret student input, provide appropriate explanations and feedback, and adapt to the student’s learning style and needs.
One of the key features of AutoTutor is its ability to engage students in tutorial dialogue, where the student and the system exchange questions and answers in natural language. This allows the system to assess the student’s understanding and provide targeted feedback and explanations to help the student learn.
Wikipedia:
See also:
BetterAccent Tutor | Intelligent Tutoring Systems 2010 | Intelligent Tutoring Systems 2011 | Pedagogical Agents | TuTalk
Toward an affect-sensitive AutoTutor [PDF] from mit.eduS D’Mello, A Graesser… – Intelligent Systems, IEEE, 2007 – ieeexplore.ieee.org Abstract Here, we consider the possibility of enabling AutoTutor, an intelligent tutoring system, to process learners’ affective and cognitive states. AutoTutor is a fully automated computer tutor that simulates human tutors and converses with students in natural … Cited by 129 – Related articles – BL Direct – All 19 versions
[CITATION] … ; 5. Student modeling and intelligent tutoring beyond coached problem solving Cristina Conati; 6. Emotions during learning with autotutor Sidney D’Mello … PJ Durlach, AM Lesgold – 2012 – Cambridge University Press Library Search
Emotions and learning with AutoTutor [PDF] from 141.225.218.248A Graesser, P Chipman, B King… – Proceeding of the 2007 …, 2007 – dl.acm.org Abstract The relationship between emotions and learning was investigated by tracking the emotions that college students experienced while learning about computer literacy with AutoTutor. AutoTutor is an animated pedagogical agent that holds a conversation in … Cited by 36 – Related articles – BL Direct – All 8 versions
[PDF] AutoTutor detects and responds to learners affective and cognitive states [PDF] from 141.225.218.248S D’Mello, T Jackson, S Craig… – … on emotional and …, 2008 – 141.225.218.248 Abstract. This paper provides a synthesis of our research towards the development of an affect-sensitive Intelligent Tutoring System called AutoTutor. The affect-sensitive AutoTutor detects the emotions (boredom, flow/engagement, confusion, frustration) of a learner by … Cited by 35 – Related articles – View as HTML – All 9 versions
Using LSA in AutoTutor: Learning through mixed-initiative dialogue in natural language. A Graesser, P Penumatsa, M Ventura, Z Cai… – 2007 – psycnet.apa.org Abstract 1. AutoTutor is a computer tutor that holds conversations with students in natural language (Graesser, Hu, & McNamara, 2005; Graesser, Lu, et al., 2004; Graesser, Person, Harter, & the Tutoring Research Group, 2001; Graesser, VanLehn, Rose, Jordan, & Harter, … Cited by 28 – Related articles – All 3 versions
Emote aloud during learning with AutoTutor: Applying the Facial Action Coding System to cognitive-affective states during learning SD Craig, S D’Mello, A Witherspoon… – Cognition and …, 2008 – Taylor & Francis In an attempt to discover the facial action units for affective states that occur during complex learning, this study adopted an emote-aloud procedure in which participants were recorded as they verbalised their affective states while interacting with an intelligent tutoring system … Cited by 24 – Related articles – All 6 versions
AutoTutor: An intelligent tutoring system with mixed-initiative dialogue [PDF] from memphis.eduAC Graesser, P Chipman… – … , IEEE Transactions on, 2005 – ieeexplore.ieee.org Abstract AutoTutor simulates a human tutor by holding a conversation with the learner in natural language. The dialogue is augmented by an animated conversational agent and three-dimensional (3-D) interactive simulations in order to enhance the learner’s … Cited by 170 – Related articles – BL Direct – All 7 versions
Affect and learning: an exploratory look into the role of affect in learning with AutoTutor [PDF] from 141.225.218.248S Craig, A Graesser, J Sullins… – Journal of Educational …, 2004 – Taylor & Francis The role that affective states play in learning was investigated from the perspective of a constructivist learning framework. We observed six different affect states (frustration, boredom, flow, confusion, eureka and neutral) that potentially occur during the process of … Cited by 181 – Related articles – BL Direct – All 16 versions
Scaffolding deep comprehension strategies through Point&Query, AutoTutor, and iSTART [PDF] from learnlab.orgAC Graesser, DS McNamara… – Educational …, 2005 – Taylor & Francis It is well-documented that most students do not have adequate proficiencies in inquiry and metacognition, particularly at deeper levels of comprehension that require explanatory reasoning. The proficiencies are not routinely provided by teachers and normal tutors so it … Cited by 122 – Related articles – BL Direct – All 8 versions
[PDF] An Analysis of Student Learning Gains After Interacting with AutoTutor [PDF] from psu.eduNK Person, R Kreuz, AC Graesser, S Rajan… – 2008 – Citeseer Abstract: The pedagogical effectiveness of two versions of AutoTutor was assessed in two student learning outcome studies. Sixty students enrolled in a computer literacy course received tutoring or reread material on two of the following topics: Hardware, Operating … Related articles – View as HTML – All 6 versions
AutoTutor: A tutor with dialogue in natural language [PDF] from asu.eduAC Graesser, S Lu, GT Jackson, HH Mitchell… – Behavior Research …, 2004 – Springer Abstract AutoTutor is a learning environment that tutors students by holding a conversation in natural language. AutoTutor has been developed for Newtonian qualitative physics and computer literacy. Its design was inspired by explanation-based constructivist theories of … Cited by 191 – Related articles – BL Direct – All 16 versions
Self versus teacher judgments of learner emotions during a tutoring session with AutoTutor [PDF] from 141.225.218.248S D’Mello, R Taylor, K Davidson… – Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 2008 – Springer The relationship between emotions and learning was investigated by tracking the affective states that college students experiencedwhile interacting with AutoTutor, an intelligent tutoring system with conversational dialogue. An emotionally responsive tutor would … Cited by 15 – Related articles – All 6 versions
[PDF] Detection of emotions during learning with AutoTutor [PDF] from psu.eduAC Graesser, B McDaniel, P Chipman… – Proceedings of the 28th …, 2006 – Citeseer Abstract The relationship between emotions and learning was investigated by tracking the affective states that college students experienced while interacting with AutoTutor, an intelligent tutoring system with conversational dialogue. An emotionally responsive tutor … Cited by 55 – Related articles – View as HTML – All 10 versions
A motivationally supportive affect-sensitive autotutor SK D’Mello, B Lehman… – New Perspectives on Affect and …, 2011 – Springer This chapter describes a fully automated affect-sensitive Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) called the Affective AutoTutor. AutoTutor is an ITS that helps students learn topics in Newtonian physics, computer literacy, and critical thinking via natural language dialogues … Cited by 5 – Related articles – All 2 versions
[CITATION] AutoTutor holds conversations with learners that are responsive to their cognitive and emotional states AC Graesser – … -SADDLE BROOK THEN …, 2007 – EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY … Cited by 35 – Related articles – BL Direct
Affect detection from multichannel physiology during learning sessions with AutoTutor [PDF] from google.comM Hussain, O AlZoubi, R Calvo… – Artificial Intelligence in …, 2011 – Springer It is widely acknowledged that learners experience a variety of emotions while interacting with Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS), hence, detecting and responding to emotions might improve learning outcomes. This study uses machine learning techniques to detect … Cited by 2 – Related articles – All 5 versions
[CITATION] Body and symbol in AutoTutor: Conversations that are responsive to the learners’ cognitive and emotional states AC Graesser, GT Jackson – … on meaning and …, 2008 – Oxford University Press, USA Related articles
[PDF] The Relationship Between Modality and Metacognition While Interacting with AutoTutor [PDF] from celstec.orgJ Sullins, M Jeon, S D’MELLO… – Proceeding of the 2009 …, 2009 – celstec.org Abstract. In this paper we explored the relationship between metacognitive statements and learning gains with students’ typed and spoken interactions with an intelligent tutoring system, called AutoTutor. Analyses revealed that students who entered their contributions … Related articles – View as HTML – All 4 versions
[PDF] The Effects of Cognitive Disequilibrium on Question Generation While Interacting with AutoTutor [PDF] from open.ac.ukJ Sullins, A Graesser, K Tran… – … of QG2010: The Third …, 2010 – oro.open.ac.uk Abstract. The purpose of this study was to test the effects of cognitive disequilibrium on student question generation while interacting with an intelligent tutoring system. Some students were placed in a state of cognitive disequilibrium while they interacted with … Related articles – View as HTML – All 5 versions
GnuTutor: An Open Source Intelligent Tutoring System Based on AutoTutor [PDF] from memphis.eduAM Olney – Proceedings of the 2009 AAAI Fall Symposium on …, 2009 – aaai.org Abstract This paper presents GnuTutor, an open source intelligent tutoring system (ITS) inspired by the AutoTutor ITS. The goal of GnuTutor is to create a freely available, open source ITS platform that can be used by schools and researchers alike. To achieve this … Cited by 1 – Related articles – All 3 versions
[CITATION] AutoTutor: Learning through natural language dialogue that adapts to the cognitive and affective states of the learner AC Graesser, V Rus, S D’Mello… – Current Perspectives on Cognition, …, 2008 Cited by 3 – Related articles
AutoTutor Lite X Hu, Z Cai, L Han, SD Craig, T Wang… – Proceeding of the 2009 …, 2009 – dl.acm.org The 14th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED2009) is being held July 6–10 2009 in Brighton, UK. AIED2009 is part of an ongoing series of biennial international conferences for top quality research in intelligent systems and cognitive science for …
AutoTutor improves deep learning of computer literacy: Is it the dialog or the talking head? [PDF] from pitt.eduNK Person – Artificial intelligence in education: shaping the …, 2003 – books.google.com Abstract. AutoTmor is a tutoring system that helps students construct answers to deep- reasoning questions by holding a conversation in natural language. AutoTutor delivers its dialog moves with an animated conversational agent whereas students type in their … Cited by 87 – Related articles – All 4 versions
AutoTutor: A Cognitive System That Simulates a Tutor Through Mixed-Initiative Dialogue [PDF] from 141.225.218.248AC Graesser, A Olney, BC Haynes… – … cognitive models in …, 2006 – books.google.com AutoTutor is a complex cognitive system that simulates a human tutor, or an ideal tutor, by holding a conversation with the learner in natural language. AutoTutor qualifies as a cognitive system in two fundamental ways (see Forsythe &Xavier, chap. 1, this volume). … Cited by 27 – Related articles – All 3 versions
[PDF] Adaptive tutorial dialogue in AutoTutor [PDF] from wpi.eduGT Jackson, NK Person… – Proceedings of the …, 2004 – nthoffice.cs.wpi.edu Abstract. AutoTutor is a computer program that is designed to tutor students in computer literacy or conceptual physics, by simulating the tutoring strategies used by human tutors. AutoTutor interacts with students and attempts to cover the topic material through the … Cited by 29 – Related articles – View as HTML – All 8 versions
[PDF] Exploring relationships between affect and learning with AutoTutor [PDF] from wpi.eduA GRAESSER, S D’MELLO, P CHIPMAN… – … of Artificial Intelligence …, 2007 – nth.wpi.edu Abstract. The relationship between emotions and learning was investigated by tracking the emotions that college students experienced while learning about computer literacy with AutoTutor. AutoTutor is an animated pedagogical agent that holds a conversation in … Cited by 8 – Related articles – View as HTML – All 5 versions
[CITATION] Teaching tactics and dialog in AutoTutor AC Graesser, N Person, D Harter… – International Journal of …, 2001 Cited by 195 – Related articles
[CITATION] Analyzing the Linguistic Structure of Tutorial Dialogue with Coh-Metrix while Learning with AutoTutor M Jeon – ALAK 2010 Annual Conference, 2010 Related articles
Simulating human tutor dialog moves in AutoTutor [PDF] from archives-ouvertes.frNK Person, AC Graesser… – … Journal of Artificial …, 2003 – hal.archives-ouvertes.fr This purpose of this paper is to show how prevalent features of successful human tutoring interactions can be integrated into a pedagogical agent, AutoTutor. AutoTutor is a fully automated computer tutor that responds to learner input by simulating the dialog moves of … Cited by 67 – Related articles – All 9 versions
[PDF] Why/AutoTutor: A test of learning gains from a physics tutor with natural language dialog [PDF] from rpi.eduAC Graesser, GT Jackson… – Proceedings of the …, 2003 – csjarchive.cogsci.rpi.edu Abstract Why/AutoTutor is a tutoring system that helps students construct answers to qualitative physics problems by holding a conversation in natural language. Why/AutoTutor provides feedback to the student on what the student types in (positive, neutral, negative … Cited by 53 – Related articles – View as HTML – All 11 versions
The Autotutor 3 Architecture [PDF] from memphis.eduP Chipman, A Olney… – Web Information Systems and …, 2007 – Springer Providing high quality of service over the Internet to a variety of clients while simultaneously providing good pedagogy and extensibility for content creators and developers are key issues in the design of the computational architecture of an intelligent tutoring system (ITS) … Cited by 1 – Related articles – All 8 versions
Applications of human tutorial dialog in AutoTutor: An intelligent tutoring system GT Jackson… – Revista Signos, 2006 – mendeley.com Abstract At the University of Memphis we have created an intelligent tutoring system, called AutoTutor, that helps students learn by holding a conversation in natural language. Decades of research on human tutoring have guided our creation of AutoTutor, which implements … Cited by 6 – Related articles – Cached
[PDF] AutoTutor 3-D Simulations: Analyzing user’s actions and learning trends [PDF] from rpi.eduGT Jackson, A Olney… – Proceedings of the …, 2006 – csjarchive.cogsci.rpi.edu Abstract Research in simulations and their educational efficacy has had mixed success in the educational and cognitive sciences. There are challenges in understanding the complex nature of simulations, critical points of learner interactivity with computer simulations, and … Cited by 6 – Related articles – View as HTML – All 2 versions
Utterance classification in AutoTutor [PDF] from dtic.milA Olney, M Louwerse, E Matthews… – Proceedings of the HLT …, 2003 – dl.acm.org Abstract This paper describes classification of typed student utterances within AutoTutor, an intelligent tutoring system. Utterances are classified to one of 18 categories, including 16 question categories. The classifier presented uses part of speech tagging, cascaded finite … Cited by 33 – Related articles – Library Search – All 4 versions
Human or computer? AutoTutor in a bystander Turing test N Person… – Intelligent tutoring systems, 2002 – Springer Since the development of the first digital computer in the 1940s, the notion of computer intelligence has received considerable attention from computer scientists, philosophers, and psychologists. The question of whether it is possible to create a computer program that … Cited by 36 – Related articles – BL Direct – All 5 versions
[PDF] Evaluating student learning gains in two versions of AutoTutor [PDF] from 141.225.218.248NK Person, AC Graesser, L Bautista… – … in education: AI-ED …, 2001 – 141.225.218.248 Abstract: The pedagogical effectiveness of two versions of AutoTutor was assessed in a student learning outcome study. Sixty students enrolled in a computer literacy course received tutoring from one of the versions of AutoTutor on one of the following topics: … Cited by 40 – Related articles – View as HTML – All 2 versions
[PDF] Development and evaluation of a lesson authoring tool for AutoTutor [PDF] from und.eduS Susarla, A Adcock, R Van Eck, K Moreno… – AIED2003 supplemental …, 2003 – und.edu Abstract: This paper describes the process of developing an Electronic Performance Support System (EPSS) for AutoTutor 3D. The new architecture of AutoTutor 3D has four models: Domain model, Student model, Tutor model and Interface model. To date, the complexity … Cited by 17 – Related articles – View as HTML – All 15 versions
[PDF] AutoTutor: An intelligent tutor and conversational tutoring scaffold [PDF] from wpi.eduAC Graesser, X Hu, S Susarla, D Harter… – 10th ICAI in …, 2001 – nth.wpi.edu The Tutoring Research Group (TRG) at the University of Memphis has developed a computer tutor (called AutoTutor) that simulates the discourse patterns and pedagogical strategies of a typical human tutor (Graesser, P. Wiemer-Hastings, K. Wiemer-Hastings, … Cited by 19 – Related articles – View as HTML – All 6 versions
THE AUTOTUTOR 3 ARCHITECTURE A software architecture for an expandable, high-availability ITS P Chipman, A Olney… – 2005 – Citeseer Abstract Keywords: Intelligent tutoring systems, software architecture, Internet-based instruction Abstract: Providing high quality of service over the Internet to a variety of clients while simultaneously providing good pedagogy and extensibility for content creators and … Cited by 4 – Related articles – Cached – All 2 versions
[PDF] The relationship between affective states and dialog patterns during interactions with AutoTutor [PDF] from 141.225.218.248S D’Mello, S Craig, A Witherspoon… – … of World Conference …, 2005 – 141.225.218.248 Similarity of content of student’s turn to an expectation The change in the Local Good Score Similarity of the history of student turns to expectations The change in the Global Good Score Similarity of content of student’s turn to a bad answer The change in the Local Bad … Cited by 4 – Related articles – View as HTML – All 7 versions
AutoTutor: Incorporating back-channel feedback and other human-like conversational behaviors into an intelligent tutoring system S Rajan, SD Craig, B Gholson, NK Person… – International Journal of …, 2001 – Springer This paper describes our recent attempts to incorporate human-like conversational behaviors into the dialog moves delivered by an animated pedagogical agent that simulates human tutors. We first present a brief overview of the modules comprising AutoTutor, an … Cited by 17 – Related articles – BL Direct – All 6 versions
Modeling student performance to enhance the pedagogy of AutoTutor [PDF] from memphis.eduT Jackson, E Mathews, KI Lin, A Olney… – User Modeling 2003, 2003 – Springer The Tutoring Research Group from the University of Memphis has developed a pedagogically effective Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS), called AutoTutor, that implements conversational dialog as a tutoring strategy for conceptual physics. Latent Semantic … Cited by 6 – Related articles – BL Direct – All 12 versions
The impact of Why/AutoTutor on learning and retention of conceptual physics GT Jackson, M Ventura, P Chewle… – Intelligent Tutoring …, 2004 – Springer Why/AutoTutor is an intelligent tutoring system for conceptual physics that guides learning through tutorial dialog in natural language. It adapts to student contributions within dialog turns in both a conversationally appropriate and pedagogically effective manner. It uses … Cited by 5 – Related articles – Library Search – BL Direct – All 3 versions
[CITATION] Why2 Report: Evaluation of Why/Atlas, Why/AutoTutor, and accomplished human tutors on learning gains for qualitative physics problems and … K VanLehn… – Unpublished report prepared by the University of …, 2002 Cited by 11 – Related articles
[PDF] Discourse patterns in why/AutoTutor [PDF] from 141.225.218.248E Mathews, G Jackson, N Person… – Actas de the, 2003 – 141.225.218.248 Abstract Why/AutoTutor is an automated physics tutor that engages students in conversation. AutoTutor simulates the discourse patterns and pedagogical dialog moves of human tutors. This paper describes how the Why/AutoTutor creates original dialog pathways for the … Cited by 6 – Related articles – View as HTML – All 4 versions
Aplicaciones del diálogo humano de tutoría al autotutor AC Graesser… – Revista signos, 2006 – dialnet.unirioja.es Resumen: En la Universidad de Memphis hemos creado un sistema tutorial inteligente, llamado AutoTutor1, que ayuda a los estudiantes a aprender, manteniendo una conversación en lenguaje natural. Décadas de investigación acerca de la tutoría humana … Cached
[CITATION] AutoTutor: a cognitive system that simulates a tutor that facilitates learning through mixed-initiative dialogue, C. Forsythe, ML Bernard and TE Goldsmith, … AC Graesser, A Olney, BC Haynes… – Cognitive Systems: Human …, 2005 Cited by 2 – Related articles
[PDF] Assessing the pedagogical effectiveness and conversational appropriateness in three versions of AutoTutor [PDF] from psu.eduGT Jackson, J Mueller, NK Person… – … in Education: AI-ED in the …, 2001 – Citeseer Abstract. AutoTutor’s effectiveness as a tutor and conversational partner was assessed during three development cycles of the system. In Cycle 1 AutoTutor interacted with virtual students, whereas in Cycles 2 and 3, AutoTutor interacted with human students. The … Cited by 6 – Related articles – View as HTML – All 9 versions
[PDF] Automated systems that analyze text and discourse: QUAID, Coh-Metrix, and AutoTutor [PDF] from 141.225.218.248AC Graesser, SL Petschonek… – … methods and clinical …, 2005 – 141.225.218.248 Abstract Recent advances in the fields of computational linguistics, discourse processes, and computer technologies offer new avenues of improving measurement methodologies and clinical applications. This chapter describes three technologies, available on the web, … Cited by 1 – Related articles – View as HTML
[PDF] Autotutor passes the bystander Turing test [PDF] from editlib.orgN Person, M Erkel… – Proceedings of E-Learn, 2002 – editlib.org Abstract: In this study, the Bystander Turing Test (BTT) paradigm is used to determine whether participants rate particular dialog moves in tutoring transcripts to be generated by a computer tutor, AutoTutor, or by a skilled human tutor. Results indicate that participants … Cited by 4 – Related articles – All 5 versions
[CITATION] the TRG, & the NLT.: Why2 Report: Evaluation of Why/Atlas, Why/AutoTutor, and Accomplished Human Tutors on Learning Gains for Qualitative Physics … A Graesser… – 2002 – LRDC Tech Report Cited by 3 – Related articles
… , Maricela. See Palmer, Douglas J. Graesser, Arthur C. Scaffolding Deep Comprehension Strategies Through Point&Query, AutoTutor, and iSTART………… 225 Haenen … JM Harackiewicz, PR Pintrich, G Hatano… – Educational …, 2005 – Taylor & Francis Harackiewicz, Judith M. Multiple Achievement Goals and Multiple Pathways for Learning: The Agenda and Impact of Paul R. Pintrich……………………………………………………………….. 75 Hatano, Giyoo. See Lin, Xiaodong. Hofer, Barbara K. The Legacy and the Challenges: … All 2 versions
Computer Simulation as an Instructional Technology in AutoTutor HJ Joyce Kim, A Graesser, T Jackson… – Proceeding of the 2005 …, 2005 – dl.acm.org Abstract We explored the impact on learning of interactive simulations that were coordinated with AutoTutor, a learning environment that helps students by holding a conversation in natural language. We randomly assigned 132 college students to one of three conditions: … Related articles
[PDF] Computer Simulation as an Instructional Technology in AutoTutor [PDF] from pitt.eduHJJ Kim, A Graesser, T Jackson, A Olney… – 2005 – cs.pitt.edu Abstract. We explored the impact on learning of interactive simulations that were coordinated with AutoTutor, a learning environment that helps students by holding a conversation in natural language. We randomly assigned 132 college students to one of … Related articles – View as HTML
[PDF] Achieving Domain Independence in AutoTutor [PDF] from memphis.eduEC Mathews, GT Jackson, A Olney… – The Seventh World …, 2003 – memphis.edu ABSTRACT AutoTutor is a computer tutor system that simulates the discourse patterns and pedagogical strategies of human tutors. AutoTutor engages the learner in a natural language conversation on a topic, presenting questions, posing problems, answering … Cited by 1 – Related articles – View as HTML
[CITATION] The Tutoring Research Group 2002 AutoTutor: Incorporating Back-Channel Feedback and Other Human-Like Conversational behaviors into an Intelligent … S Rajan, SD Craig, B Gholson, NK Person… – International Journal of …, 2002 Cited by 2 – Related articles
AutoTutor and Other Conversational Agents that Scaffold Learning AC Graesser – Proceedings of EuroCogSci’03, the European …, 2003 – books.google.com One of the recent trends in the design of learning environments has been to build conversational agents that interact with the learner in natural language (Graesser, VanLehn, Rose, Jordan, & Harter, 2001; Gratch, et al., 2002; Johnson, Rickel, & Lester, 2000). There …
AutoTutor: a conversational tutoring environment A Olney, N Person… – Proceedings of the …, 2002 – en.scientificcommons.org Abstract AutoTutor is a conversational tutoring environment applicable to any content domain. Auto-Tutor simulates the dialog patterns and pedagogical strategies of human tutors in a conversational interface that supports mixed-initiative dialog. As the student and … Cited by 4 – Related articles – Cached
[PDF] The role of intelligent tutoring systems in education: An overview of AutoTutor [PDF] from editlib.orgM Louwerse, A Graesser, X Hu… – TECHNOLOGY AND …, 2002 – editlib.org Abstract: Intelligent Tutoring Systems have become more common in education nowadays. AutoTutor is one such system. It uses a world knowledge representation, natural language processing, production scripts and a conversational interface. By assisting students in … Related articles – BL Direct – All 2 versions