Semantic Grammars & Dialog Systems

Notes:

Semantic grammars are formal frameworks for representing the meaning of words, phrases, and sentences in a language. They are often used in natural language processing (NLP) to analyze and interpret the structure and meaning of text, and to generate responses in a dialog system.

Semantic grammars typically define a set of rules and conventions for representing the meanings of words and phrases in a language, using a symbolic notation or a formal logic. These rules and conventions can then be used to analyze and interpret the structure and meaning of a sentence, and to generate responses that are appropriate to the context of the conversation.

In the context of dialog systems, semantic grammars can be used to analyze the input text and extract information about the meaning of the words and phrases in the sentence. This information can then be used to generate a response that is appropriate to the context of the conversation and that reflects the meaning of the input text.

The RavenClaw dialog management framework: Architecture and systems D Bohus… – Computer Speech & Language, 2009 – Elsevier … Keywords: Dialog management; Spoken dialog systems; Error handling; Focus shifting; Mixed-initiative. Article Outline. … Other domain-independent conversational strategies 5. RavenClaw-based systems 5.1. The Olympus dialog system infrastructure 5.2. RoomLine 5.3. … Cited by 41 – Related articles – All 3 versions

SLU in Commercial and Research Spoken Dialogue Systems D Suendermann… – Spoken Language …, 2011 – Wiley Online Library … Page 4. 174 SLU IN COMMERCIAL AND RESEARCH SPOKEN DIALOGUE SYSTEMS manageability of complex systems). … The present section is to give an overview about techniques from both worlds. 7.2.1 Rule-based Semantic Grammars … Cited by 1 – Related articles

Linking semantic and knowledge representations in a multi-domain dialogue system [PDF] from dtic.mil MO Dzikovska, JF Allen… – Journal of Logic and …, 2008 – Oxford Univ Press Page 1. Linking Semantic and Knowledge Representations in a Multi-Domain Dialogue System … Medium-scale dialogue systems for applications such as intelligent planning assistants or tutorial dialogue involve complex reasoning and planning tasks. … Cited by 14 – Related articles – Library Search – BL Direct – All 12 versions

Semantic understanding by combining extended CFG parser with HMM model [PDF] from mit.edu Y Xu, S Seneff, A Li… – … Technology Workshop (SLT), …, 2010 – ieeexplore.ieee.org … [13] Y.-Y. Wang and A. Acero, “Combination of CFG and N-gram Modeling in Semantic Grammar Learning,” in Proc. … 23, no. 2, pp. 269-312, June 1997. [16] A. Gruenstein and S. Seneff, “Releasing a Multimodal Dialogue System into the Wild: User Support Mechanisms,” in Proc. … Cited by 2 – Related articles – All 3 versions

[PDF] Annotating spoken dialogs: from speech segments to dialog acts and frame semantics [PDF] from psu.edu M Dinarelli, S Quarteroni, S Tonelli… – Proc. of EACL 2009 …, 2009 – Citeseer … In particu- lar, the two latter annotation layers appear to be promising for the design of complex dialog systems. Statistics and mutual in- formation estimates amongst such features are reported and compared across corpora. … Cited by 19 – Related articles – View as HTML – All 19 versions

Natural language processing in Virtual Reality training environments [PDF] from uncw.edu CI Guinn… – The Interservice/Industry Training, Simulation & …, 2009 – NTSA … having a large vocabulary speech recognizer does not mean you will have a large vocabulary dialogue system. Dialogue requires understanding as well. The system must map the words to some semantics that it is capable of processing. The semantic grammars used in AMAT … Cited by 22 – Related articles – BL Direct – All 11 versions

Method and apparatus for dynamic grammars and focused semantic parsing YY Wang – US Patent 7,555,426, 2009 – Google Patents … invention provides a dialogue system in which semantic ambiguity is reduced by selectively choosing which semantic structures are to be made available for parsing based 55 on previous information obtained from the user. In one embodiment, the semantic grammar used by … Related articles – All 4 versions

Spoken language understanding [PDF] from sri.com R De Mori, F Bechet, D Hakkani-Tur… – Signal Processing …, 2008 – ieeexplore.ieee.org … utterance. Spoken dialog systems need advanced SLU models in order to implement dialog applications that go beyond call routing or form filling. … reasons. The use of stochastic semantic grammars at Microsoft is reviewed in [28]. … Cited by 37 – Related articles – BL Direct – All 16 versions

A dialogue approach to learning object descriptions and semantic categories H Holzapfel, D Neubig… – Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 2008 – Elsevier … As mentioned in the system overview, typed feature structures (TFS) [5] are used to represent semantics in the dialogue system. … These functional classes are used to refer to objects in the semantic grammar for speech recognition and understanding. … Cited by 10 – Related articles – All 2 versions

Intelligent humanoid robot with japanese Wikipedia ontology and robot action ontology S Kobayashi, S Tamagawa, T Morita… – Proceedings of the 6th …, 2011 – dl.acm.org … or rather a dictionary for semantic grammar, Nao can dialogue with users on many topics of various fields based on large amounts of Japanese Wikipedia information. This is a first advantage of WioNA. However, in fact, robots are not necessary to only dialogue system since it … Related articles

[PDF] trindikit. py: An open-source Python library for developing ISU-based dialogue systems [PDF] from chalmers.se P Ljunglöf – Proc. IWSDS, 2009 – cse.chalmers.se … Of course, a real-sized dialogue system will be larger than the toy example given in section 3. Not only will the dictionaries be larger, but the … The interpretation grammar might be split into several mod- ules, making use of NLTK’s taggers, chunkers and semantic grammars. … Cited by 1 – Related articles – View as HTML – All 5 versions

Spoken Dialogue Systems K Jokinen… – Synthesis Lectures on Human …, 2009 – morganclaypool.com … rather than in terms of syntactic categories. Generally, semantic grammars for spoken dialogue systems and other natural language understanding systems are domain-specific. So, for example, a system involving flights will … Cited by 12 – Related articles – Library Search – All 5 versions

C-Phrase: A system for building robust natural language interfaces to databases [PDF] from umu.se M Minock – Data & Knowledge Engineering, 2010 – Elsevier … teams. CPhrase models queries in an extended version of Codd’s tuple calculus and uses synchronous context-free grammars with lambda-expressions to represent semantic grammars. … 2.3. Semantic grammars in ?-SCFG. Following … Cited by 6 – Related articles – All 3 versions

Developing and exploiting a multilingual grammar for human-computer interaction X Zhang, R Andrich… – Human-Computer Interaction. Interaction …, 2011 – Springer … that is powerful enough to parse as many as possible naturally occurring utterances that are frequently used by subjects in a domain-specific spoken dialogue system. … 1. Abstract syntax: declare categories used by the user and functions in Tangram, ie semantic grammar rules. … Related articles – All 2 versions

End-user programming of a social robot by dialog JF Gorostiza… – Robotics and Autonomous Systems, 2011 – Elsevier … 4.2. Multimodal Fusion and Semantic Grammars The asr interface allows for robust speech recogni- tion, even in very noisy environments. … 3http://www.w3.org/TR/nl-spec/ 7 (a) Multimodal Inputs in the Dialog System (b) Multimodal fusion: example of a deixis resolution. …

Shareable filler model for grammar authoring A Acero, D Yu, YY Wang… – US Patent 7,865,357, 2011 – Google Patents … 30-Dec.4, 1998.* Wang, Kuansan. Semantic Modeling for Dialog Systems in a Pattern Recognition Framework. … 265-293. Ye-Yi Wang et al., “SGStudio: Rapid Semantic Grammar Develop- ment for Spoken Lanugage Understanding,” Eurospeech 2005, Lisbon, Portugal, Sep. … Related articles – All 4 versions

[BOOK] Spoken Language Understanding: Systems for Extracting Semantic Information from Speech G Tur, R De Mori – 2011 – books.google.com … Handling Speech in QA Systems 6.3 QA Evaluation Campaigns 6.4 Question-answering systems 6.5 Projects Integrating Spoken Requests and Question Answering 6.6 Conclusions References Chapter 7: SLU in Commercial and Research Spoken Dialogue Systems 7.1 Why … Cited by 7 – Related articles – Library Search

ASSIGNMENT OF SEMANTIC TAGS TO PHRASES FOR GRAMMAR GENERATION S MARTIN – EP Patent 1,685,555, 2009 – freepatentsonline.com … Therefore, for each type of automatic dialogue system a special grammar has to be manually constructed. … Wang et al.: ‘Combination of CFG and N-gram Modeling in Semantic Grammar Learning’ European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology (Eurospeech … Cached

Configurable parameters for grammar authoring for speech recognition and natural language understanding YY Wang… – US Patent 7,529,657, 2009 – Google Patents … P. Maloor, “Match: An Architecture for Multimodal Dialogue Systems.” In the Proceedings of 40fh Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, 2002. Y.-Y. Wang and A. Acero, “Combination of CFG and N-gram Mod- eling in Semantic Grammar Learning.” In … Cited by 1 – Related articles – All 3 versions

The relative impact of student affect on performance models in a spoken dialogue tutoring system [PDF] from pitt.edu K Forbes-Riley, M Rotaru… – User Modeling and User-Adapted …, 2008 – Springer … Our spoken dialogue tutoring system is called ITSPOKE (Intelligent Tutoring SPOKEn dialogue system) (Litman et al. … Why2-Atlas’ natural language understanding (NLU) compo- nent associates a semantic grammar with each tutor question (ie, with each node in the dialogue … Cited by 23 – Related articles – BL Direct – All 7 versions

What’s in an ontology for spoken language understanding [PDF] from pitt.edu S Quarteroni, G Riccardi… – Tenth Annual Conference …, 2009 – isca-speech.org … Current Spoken Language Understanding systems rely either on hand-written semantic grammars or on flat attribute-value se- quence labeling … and annotating the meaning structure from spoken utterances in the context of human dialogs [1]. In spoken dialog systems (SDS), the … Cited by 7 – Related articles – All 7 versions

Natural Programming of a Social Robot by Dialogs [PDF] from uc3m.es JF Gorostiza… – Dialog with Robots AAAI 2010 Fall Symposium. …, 2010 – aaai.org … The filled element specifies an action to perform when a combi- nation of one or more fields is filled. The Dialogue System is connected with the semantic grammars. Each field of a form matches up with each at- tribute from the semantic grammar. … Cited by 2 – Related articles – All 5 versions

[PDF] Interpreting two-utterance requests in a spoken dialogue system [PDF] from usc.edu I Zukerman, E Makalic… – … Practical Dialogue Systems …, 2009 – people.ict.usc.edu … However, all these sys- tems employ semantic grammars, while Scusi? … Young [Young, 2000] introduced a probabilistic frame- work for dialogue systems based on Markov Decision Pro- cesses (MDPs) and reinforcement learning, focusing on the selection of dialogue acts … Cited by 1 – Related articles – View as HTML – All 2 versions

Increasing robustness, reliability and ergonomics in speech interfaces for aerial control systems [PDF] from upm.es J Ferreiros, R San-Segundo, R Barra… – Aerospace Science and …, 2009 – Elsevier … The WITAS project uses the SRI GEMINI parser [23]. It is a natural language processing engine that applies a set of syntactic and semantic grammar rules to a word string using a bottom-up parser to generate a logical form. … Related articles – All 3 versions

[BOOK] Grammatical framework: programming with multilingual grammars [PDF] from chalmers.se A Ranta – 2011 – csmisc14.cs.chalmers.se … answer a question • consult a database • dialogue system Page 41. Interoperability … Page 42. Application grammars and resource grammars Application grammar • semantic grammar: abstract syntax reflects semantics • built by domain expert • typically: small, restricted domain … Cited by 13 – Related articles – View as HTML – Library Search – All 3 versions

Spoken language understanding using weakly supervised learning WL Wu, RZ Lu, JY Duan, H Liu, F Gao… – Computer Speech & …, 2010 – Elsevier … In this paper, we present a weakly supervised learning approach for spoken language understanding in domain-specific dialogue systems. … Keywords: Spoken language understanding; Spoken dialogue system; Topic classification; Active learning; Self-training; Bootstrapping. … Cited by 7 – Related articles – All 5 versions

GF: A Multilingual Grammar Formalism A Ranta – Language and Linguistics Compass, 2009 – Wiley Online Library … different languages. They are also a powerful tool for natural language engineering, used for applications ranging from a translator of mathematical exercises to a dialogue system usable for talking with devices in a car. As a … Cited by 5 – Related articles – All 3 versions

[PDF] Speaking and Pointing-from Simulations to the Laboratory [PDF] from liu.se I Zukerman, A Mani, Z Li… – … in Practical Dialogue Systems, 2011 – ida.liu.se … crafted grammar) enables us to handle more complex utterances than those considered by most Spoken Dialogue Systems (SDSs)(Jokinen … López-Cózar and Callejas (2008) and Stiefelhagen et al.(2004) rely on semantic grammars and context-free grammars respectively to … Cited by 1 – Related articles – View as HTML

Spoken Dialogue in Virtual Worlds G Chollet, A Amehraye, J Razik, L Zouari… – … of Multimodal Interfaces …, 2010 – Springer … Mixed approach: The linguistic approach relies on semantic grammar rules and requires manual processing. … 7.3 Integration The integration of the SLU system in a dialogue system can be performed in two manners [4]: Sequential approach: each of the system components (ASR … Related articles – All 2 versions

Intent Determination and Spoken Utterance Classification G Tur, L Deng – Spoken Language Understanding, 2011 – Wiley Online Library … this approach, they have managed to decrease the call-type classification error rate for AT&T’s HMIHY natural dialogue system significantly, especially … While it has been common practice to employ manually written semantic grammars for slot filling tasks, such as the ATIS CMU … Related articles – All 2 versions

[PDF] DIGUI: A Flexible Dialogue System for Guiding the User Interaction to Access Web Services [PDF] from upc.edu MG Bermúdez… – 2010 – lsi.upc.edu Page 1. DIGUI: A Flexible Dialogue System for Guiding the User Interaction to Access Web Services PhD Thesis by … Chapter 2 Brief introduction to the state of the art in dialogue systems This chapter gives an introduction to dialogue systems. It focuses mainly on the topics that … Related articles – View as HTML – All 3 versions

Unilateral semi-supervised learning of extended hidden vector state for Persian Language Understanding F Jabbari, H Sameti… – … Engineering (NLP-KE), …, 2011 – ieeexplore.ieee.org … The key element of a spoken dialogue system is spoken language understanding (SLU) part. The main function of this unit is to convert the input utterances into semantic information. Conventionally, this task was done by using hand-crafted semantic grammars. …

Towards building robust natural language interfaces to databases [PDF] from psu.edu M Minock, P Olofsson… – Natural language and information …, 2008 – Springer … The system DUDE[9] presents an easy to use authoring interface to build dialogue systems. … Internally the system uses semantic grammars encoded in ?-SCFG to map typed user requests to an extended vari- ant of Codd’s tuple calculus which in turn is automatically mapped to … Cited by 14 – Related articles – BL Direct – All 9 versions

Semantic Frame-Based Spoken Language Understanding YY Wang, L Deng… – Spoken Language …, 2011 – Wiley Online Library … 1990s. The DARPA Communicator project in the 2000s focused on the rapid and cost-effective development of multi-modal speech-enabled dialog systems with advanced conversational capabilities. … 3.2.2 Semantic Grammars While … Cited by 1 – Related articles – All 2 versions

Integration of a Voice Recognition System in a Social Robot F Alonso-Martin… – Cybernetics and Systems: An …, 2011 – Taylor & Francis … Lin , F. and Weng , F. 2010 . Computing confidence score of any input phrases for a spoken dialog system. … Support semantic grammars: Semantic grammars make it easier to extract the information that is relevant from complete sentences that have been recognized. … Related articles – All 4 versions

My science tutor: A conversational multimedia virtual tutor for elementary school science [PDF] from bltek.com W Ward, R Cole, D Bolaños… – ACM Transactions on …, 2011 – dl.acm.org … While spoken dialogue systems have been developed for science tutoring for university-level students, and for children for reading and lan- guage assessment, we have no evidence of intelligent tutoring systems that support spoken conversational interaction between children … Cited by 5 – Related articles – All 3 versions

Evaluating Questions in Context L Becker, MS Palmer, S van Vuuren… – 2011 AAAI Fall Symposium …, 2011 – aaai.org … largely focused on generation of ques- tions from text, most applications of question generation can be considered dialogue systems where the … MyST natural language understanding, these frames serve as the top-level nodes for a manually writ- ten semantic grammar used by … Related articles – All 2 versions

Large-scale latent semantic analysis AMG Olney – Behavior research methods, 2011 – Springer Page 1. Large-scale latent semantic analysis Andrew McGregor Olney (c) Psychonomic Society, Inc. 2011 Abstract Latent semantic analysis (LSA) is a statistical technique for representing word meaning that has been widely … Related articles – All 3 versions

[PDF] Building Modular Knowledge Bases for Conversational Agents [PDF] from liu.se D Macias-Galindo, L Cavedon… – … Practical Dialogue Systems, 2011 – ida.liu.se Proceedings of the 7th IJCAI Workshop on Knowledge and Reasoning in Practical Dialogue Systems, pages 16-23, Barcelona, July 2011 Building Modular Knowledge Bases for Conversational Agents Daniel Macias-Galindo and Lawrence Cavedon and John Thangarajah … Cited by 1 – Related articles – View as HTML

Chinese spoken language understanding with conditional random fields W Zhou, B Yuan, Z Miao, W Zhu… – Signal Processing, 2008. …, 2008 – ieeexplore.ieee.org … SLU for spoken dialog system, especially the slot-filling problem is solved as a sequential labeling problem. … 85-106. [5] Y.-Y. Wang and A. Acero, “Combination of CFG and N- gram modeling in semantic grammar learning,” in Proc. … Related articles

Ontology-based Grounding of Spoken Language Understanding [PDF] from marcodinarelli.it S Quarteroni, M Dinarelli… – … Speech Recognition & …, 2009 – ieeexplore.ieee.org … Abstract-Current Spoken Language Understanding models rely on either hand-written semantic grammars or flat attribute- value sequence … I. INTRODUCTION In Spoken Dialog Systems (SDS), the most widespread models of Spoken Language Understanding (SLU) are … Related articles – All 3 versions

Natural Language and Dialogue Processing O Pietquin – 2010 – books.google.com … The idea seems attractive but the development of semantic grammars suit- able for both NLG and NLU appeared to be very tricky and in … In spoken dialogue systems, template-based techniques are widely used in practice [29] but learn- ing techniques such as boosting or even … Related articles – All 5 versions

Information extraction for SQL query generation in the conversation-based interfaces to relational databases (C-BIRD) [PDF] from mmu.ac.uk M Owda, Z Bandar… – Agent and Multi-Agent Systems: …, 2011 – Springer … However, creating new system will involve creating a new semantic grammar which is both time consuming and complex. … 2 Conversational Agents A conversational agent is human-computer dialogue system that interacts with the user turn by turn using natural language. … Related articles – All 4 versions

Discriminative training of the hidden vector state model for semantic parsing [PDF] from open.ac.uk D Zhou… – … and Data Engineering, IEEE Transactions on, 2009 – ieeexplore.ieee.org … Based on hand-crafted semantic grammar rules, rule- based approaches fill slots in semantic frames using word pattern and semantic tokens [1], [2]. Such rule-based approaches are typically domain-specific and often fragile. … Cited by 9 – Related articles – All 8 versions

Just say it: an evaluation of speech interfaces for augmented reality design applications N Hanlon, B Mac Namee… – Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive …, 2010 – Springer … The NLU component generates these semantic representations by parsing the input using a domain specific semantic grammar. … This is a fundamental competence of dialogue systems and is by no means a solved problem. … Related articles – All 4 versions

Acoustic Correlates of Meaning Structure in Conversational Speech [PDF] from unitn.it AV Ivanov, G Riccardi, S Ghosh… – … Annual Conference of …, 2010 – isca-speech.org … Such parsing models are either hand-crafted (eg semantic grammars) or statistically trained from annotated corpora with ad-hoc and application spe- cific concept labels. This computational model has had success in applications such as spoken dialog systems but may be lim … Related articles – All 4 versions

Teaching sequences to a social robot by voice interaction [PDF] from uc3m.es JF Gorostiza… – … , 2009. RO-MAN 2009. The 18th …, 2009 – ieeexplore.ieee.org … B. Dialogue Management In Dialogue System Management theory it’s defined the so called interaction style depending on who of the two actors is going to … Here we just use a semantic grammar managed by an Automatic Speech Recognition Skill: asrSkill to get user intention. … Cited by 2 – Related articles – All 2 versions

A probabilistic approach to the interpretation of spoken utterances [PDF] from psu.edu I Zukerman, E Makalic, M Niemann… – PRICAI 2008: Trends in …, 2008 – Springer … interpretation process. Knight et al. [14] compare the perfor- mance of a dialogue system based on a semantic grammar to that of a system based on a statistical language model and a robust phrase-spotting grammar. The latter … Cited by 9 – Related articles – All 8 versions

Creating a speech recognition grammar for alphanumeric concepts YY Wang, YC Ju, LA Collins, M Cecys… – US Patent 7,599,837, 2009 – Google Patents … Y.-Y. Wang and A. Acero, “Combination of CFG and N-gram Mod- eling in Semantic Grammar Learning.” In the Proceedings of Eurospeech 2003, Geneva … 40 Nevertheless, a majority of the spoken language systems deployed so far are system-initiative, directed dialog systems. … Cited by 1 – Related articles – All 3 versions

[PDF] Attribute Grammars for Validating Chunk-based Binary File Formats [PDF] from gatech.edu W Underwood… – 2011 – perpos.gtri.gatech.edu … To address this need, some developers of dialogue systems make use of an approach called semantic grammar [Issar and Ward 1993; Ward and Issar 1994]. A semantic grammar is a CFG in which the non-terminals on the left-hand side of rules correspond to semantic entities. … Related articles – View as HTML

Robust understanding in multimodal interfaces [PDF] from uceresource.org S Bangalore… – Computational Linguistics, 2009 – MIT Press Page 1. Robust Understanding in Multimodal Interfaces Srinivas Bangalore * AT&T Labs – Research Michael Johnston ** AT&T Labs – Research Multimodal grammars provide an effective mechanism for quickly creating integration … Cited by 7 – Related articles – All 15 versions

Is question answering fit for the semantic web?: a survey V Lopez, V Uren, M Sabou… – Semantic Web, 2011 – IOS Press … facto- ids), systems enabling reasoning mechanisms, sys- tems that fuse answers from different sources, inter- active (dialog) systems and systems … The author builds the semantic grammar through a series of naming, tailoring and defining operations within a web-based GUI, as … Cited by 1 – Related articles – All 2 versions

A Spoken Language Interpretation Component for a Robot Dialogue System [PDF] from psu.edu E Makalic, I Zukerman… – Ninth Annual Conference of …, 2008 – isca-speech.org … interpretation process. Knight et al. [11] compare the per- formance of a dialogue system based on a semantic grammar to that of a system based on a statistical language model and a robust phrase-spotting grammar. The latter … Cited by 1 – Related articles – All 5 versions

Semantic object synchronous understanding implemented with speech application language tags K Wang – EP Patent 1,970,897, 2008 – freepatentsonline.com … In the above example, the date normalization can be accomplished in the semantic grammar which, however, cannot facilitate advanced reference resolution (eg … Such algorithms are described in K. Wang, “A plan based dialog system with probabilistic inferences”, in Proc. … Related articles – Cached

[PDF] From GEMINI to DiaGen: Improving Development of Speech Dialogues for Embedded Systems [PDF] from sigdial.org S Hamerich… – 9th SIGDIAL, 2008 – sigdial.org … Since the creation of a phone-based dialogue system requires specialised handling for differ- ent … 5.3) apply for system calls and their arguments and results as well. 5.6 Grammar Tag Consistency GDML (like VoiceXML) uses semantic grammar tags to identify user utterances. … Cited by 5 – Related articles – View as HTML – All 16 versions

Practical use of non-local features for statistical spoken language understanding [PDF] from minwoojeong.com M Jeong… – Computer Speech & Language, 2008 – Elsevier … In particular, the SLU has received much recent interests for a part of spoken dialog system to infer intentions of the speaker for providing natural human-computer dialog interface ([Price, 1990], [Peckham, 1991] and [Walker et al., 2002]). … Cited by 12 – Related articles – All 8 versions

Sorry, I Didn’t Catch That! D Bohus… – Recent Trends in Discourse and Dialogue, 2008 – Springer … user to repeat or rephrase, reissuing the system prompt or providing various levels of help are often en- countered in spoken dialogue systems. … level]: The user’s utterance is within the do- main and scope of the application, but outside of the system’s semantic grammar (eg the … Cited by 7 – Related articles – All 2 versions

Argumentative Ordering of Utterances for Language Generation in Multi-party Human-Computer Dialogue V Popescu… – Argumentation, 2009 – Springer … 1 General architecture of a spoken dialogue system … language (eg, French, in our case); – ”SEMANTIC ANALYSIS”-module converting a given text into a semantic (logical) representation; it uses conceptual graphs (Nguyen 2005), along with a semantic grammar, defined for a … Cited by 4 – Related articles – All 5 versions

Acquiring and Maintaining Knowledge by Natural Multimodal Dialog H Holzapfel – 2009 – deposit.ddb.de … Abstract While there have been various improvements and signification advancements in spoken dialog systems in recent years, today, dialog systems still have restricted adaptation abilities as dialog systems are generally being built as static systems with predefined and static … Related articles

Spoken Language Understanding: from Spoken Utterances to Semantic Structures [PDF] from unitn.it M Dinarelli – 2010 – eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it … The loop depicted in Figure 2.1 is repeated until the application completes the modelled task. Spoken dialog systems need sophisticated SLU models in order to im- … based on semantic grammars, but as the amount of data available for appli- … Cited by 1 – Related articles

Digui: a flexibe dialogue system for guiding the user interaction to guiding the user interaction to acces web services [PDF] from tesisenred.net M González Bermúdez – 2010 – tesisenred.net … Page 2. DIGUI: A Flexible Dialogue System for Guiding the User Interaction to Access Web Services PhD Thesis by … Chapter 2 Brief introduction to the state of the art in dialogue systems This chapter gives an introduction to dialogue systems. It focuses mainly on the topics that …

[PDF] Extracting information from natural language input to an intelligent tutoring system [PDF] from valparaiso.edu MS Glass… – Far Eastern Journal of Experimental and …, 2008 – valparaiso.edu … natural language interaction. Wilensky’s Unix Consultant [70], which is more of a coach than a tutor, also used natural language interaction extensively, based on a semantic grammar for Unix concepts. The most pronounced … Cited by 2 – Related articles – View as HTML – All 5 versions

METHOD OF AND SYSTEM FOR IMPROVING ACCURACY IN A SPEECH RECOGNITION SYSTEM J Kroeker… – US Patent App. 20,100/100,378, 2009 – freepatentsonline.com … 20070136067, Audio dialogue system and voice browsing method, June, 2007, Scholl. … algorithm may be used in the present invention, speech recognition device 14 preferably performs syntactic and semantic processing using a rich semantic grammar (RSG) database (DB … Cached

Politeness and alignment in dialogues with a virtual guide [PDF] from utwente.nl M De Jong, M Theune… – … of the 7th international joint conference …, 2008 – dl.acm.org … An architecture capable of achieving this is described by Guinn and Hubal [6], who use semantic grammars for both analysis and generation of affective language, distinguishing different emotional and at- titudinal factors including politeness. … Cited by 12 – Related articles – All 22 versions

Semantic category acquisition in dialogue for interactive object learning [PDF] from kit.edu H Holzapfel… – … , 2008. RO-MAN 2008. The 17th IEEE …, 2008 – ieeexplore.ieee.org … It is able to recognize objects and detect unknown objects in real-time, when asked by the dialogue system to do so. … These functional classes are used to refer to objects in the semantic grammar for speech recognition and understanding. … Related articles – All 3 versions

Robust acoustic and semantic modeling in a telephone-based spoken dialog system [PDF] from uni-halle.de KT Mengistu – 2009 – deposit.ddb.de Robust Acoustic and Semantic Modeling in a Telephone-based Spoken Dialog System Kinfe Tadesse Mengistu (M. Sc.) … alog system. We also show the feasibility of building a robust, multi-domain telephone-based spoken dialog system framework that can be seamlessly used … Related articles – Library Search – All 4 versions

[PDF] NATURAL LANGUAGE INT ERFACE USING SHALLOW PARSING [PDF] from tmrfindia.org R Akerkar… – International Journal of Computer Science & …, 2008 – tmrfindia.org … PLANES (Waltz, 1975), LADDER (Hendrix, 1978), and REL (Thompson, 1975) systems were developed by late 1970s. Some of these systems used semantic grammars. … Dialogue systems were historically the domain of AI researchers. … Cited by 3 – Related articles – View as HTML – All 7 versions

Tailoring the interpretation of spatial utterances for playing a board game [PDF] from sdu.dk A Corradini – Artificial Intelligence: Methodology, Systems, and …, 2008 – Springer … Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (2001) 11. Gavalda, M., Waibel, A.: Growing Semantic Grammars. … Johnston, M., Bangalore, S., Vasireddy, G., Stent, A., Ehlen, P., Walker, M., Whittaker, S., Maloor, P.: MATCH: An Architecture for Multimodal Dialogue Systems. In: Proc. … Cited by 1 – Related articles – All 7 versions

Semantic object synchronous understanding implemented with speech application language tags K Wang – EP Patent 1,482,481, 2008 – freepatentsonline.com … In the above example, the date normalization can be accomplished in the semantic grammar which, however, cannot facilitate advanced reference resolution (eg … Such algorithms are described in K. Wang, “A plan based dialog system with probabilistic inferences”, in Proc. … Related articles – Cached

Persian language understanding using a two-step extended hidden vector state parser M Hadi Bokaei – … for Signal Processing (MLSP), 2011 IEEE …, 2011 – ieeexplore.ieee.org … The key element of a spoken dialogue system is a spoken language understanding unit. The main purpose of this unit is to transform the input utterances into semantic information. Conventionally, this task was done by means of hand-crafted semantic grammar rules. … Related articles

Beyond attention: the role of deictic gesture in intention recognition in multimodal conversational interfaces [PDF] from msu.edu S Qu… – Proceedings of the 13th international conference on …, 2008 – dl.acm.org … actions [16, 20], and a specific robot action [30]. In dialog systems, intention is used generally to refer to discourse purpose [11], which is related to our definition of intention here. More specifically, intention recognition in our work is … Cited by 3 – Related articles – All 4 versions

User and Situation R Porzel – Contextual Computing, 2011 – Springer … Please note, that in another context, ie, the one created by Branigan and Pearson (2006), lexical alignment constituted the default and lower levels of entrainment were induced by changing interlocution- ary context in the interaction with an artificial dialog system. …

[PDF] Modular Grammars for Speech Recognition in Ontology-Based Dialogue Systems [PDF] from dfki.de HM Kosinowski – 2010 – dfki.de … Modular Grammars for Speech Recognition in Ontology-Based Dialogue Systems Hanne Marie Kosinowski Matriculation Number 2519286 … Page 4. Page 5. Abstract In the present work we show an approach for writing modular grammars for an ontology-based dialogue system. … Related articles – View as HTML

[PDF] Hierarchical Semantic Tagger for Robust Spoken Language Understanding [PDF] from uni-magdeburg.de M Hannemann… – 2009 – iesk.uni-magdeburg.de … Magdeburg, 16.03.2009 Ort, Abgabedatum Mirko Hannemann Page 3. iii Abstract In this work, we develop a module for spoken language understanding to be used in a spoken dialog system. … I Theoretical Background 4 1 Talking to Computers 5 1.1 Spoken Dialog Systems . . . . … Related articles – View as HTML – All 4 versions

Applications of statistical machine translation approaches to spoken language understanding K Macherey, O Bender… – Audio, Speech, and …, 2009 – ieeexplore.ieee.org … Ex- periments were carried out on two German inhouse corpora for spoken dialogue systems. … The speech data was collected from real users interacting with a fully functional auto- matic spoken dialogue system developed by Philips Speech Pro- cessing [28]. … Cited by 4 – Related articles – All 4 versions

[PDF] Ellipsis resolution with use of case analysis for CSCL discussion search [PDF] from editlib.org M Maejima… – Proc. E-Learn 2008, 2008 – editlib.org … (1993). Learning Semantic Grammars with Constructive Inductive Logic Programming. … Design of a Semantic Parser with Support to Ellipsis Resolution in a Chinese Spoken Language Dialogue System. Seventh European Conference on Speech Communication Association. … Cited by 2 – Related articles – All 2 versions

Toward identifying process models in ad hoc and distributed teams [PDF] from usukitacs.com JA Giampapa, KP Sycara… – Proceedings of the 1st …, 2008 – dl.acm.org … In the Computational Linguistics community, the focus of dialogue systems is primarily for the purposes of Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) interfaces, in … It serves as a “semantic grammar” that is quicker to generate and apply to the textual representations of the utterances, than … Cited by 2 – Related articles – All 7 versions

Human-Computer Interfaces to Multimedia Content a Review A Potamianos… – Multimodal Processing and Interaction, 2008 – Springer … In the past decade, numerous spoken dialogue systems have been designed and deployed that fully automate simple interactive tasks usually performed over the tele- phone. … One popular approach is to design multimodal semantic grammars. … Cited by 2 – Related articles

Contextual filtering R Belvin, S Kadambe – US Patent 7,379,870, 2008 – Google Patents … Semantic Grammar Parser-The term “semantic gram- mar parser” refers to an apparatus (generally a process in a 5 (4) DISCUSSION computer … mentioned the present invention can also improve perfor- o ^ ^ tt 1 ^1 ” ^ ^ 1 i” j- ^ mance ol the dialogue system applications which … Cited by 6 – Related articles – All 2 versions

CSCL utterance NLP analysis and inter-LMS sharing with use of Web Services Y Tamura, M Maejima… – International Journal of Advanced …, 2008 – Inderscience … Su, Y. (2001) ‘Design of a semantic parser with support to ellipsis resolution in a Chinese spoken language dialogue system’, Seventh European Conference on … Zelle, JM and Mooney, RJ (1993) ‘Learning semantic grammars with constructive inductive logic programming’, Proc. … Related articles – All 6 versions

[BOOK] Handling emotions in human-computer dialogues J Pittermann, A Pittermann… – 2009 – books.google.com … This can be semantic grammars (Burton 1976) or case grammars (Fillmore 1968) which are especially suitable for spoken natural language … 1994; Levin and Pieraccini 1995) are also employed in spoken language dialogue systems as they are less constraining for modeling … Cited by 8 – Related articles – Library Search – All 4 versions

Information state based speech recognition [PDF] from gu.se R Jonson – rapport nr.: Gothenburg Monographs in Linguistics 41, 2010 – gupea.ub.gu.se … One of the pitfalls in spoken dialogue systems is the brittleness of automatic speech recognition (ASR). ASR systems often misrecognize user input and they are unreliable when it comes to judging their own performance. … 1.1 Why is speech so difficult for dialogue systems? … Related articles – Library Search – All 7 versions

Statistical methods in natural language understanding and spoken dialogue systems [PDF] from rwth-aachen.de K Macherey – 2009 – darwin.bth.rwth-aachen.de … and Spoken Dialogue Systems Von der Fakultät für Mathematik, Informatik und … 2.1 Architecture of a Spoken Dialogue System The objective of a spoken dialogue system is to let a human interact with a computer- based information system using speech as means of interaction. … Related articles – Library Search – All 10 versions

[PDF] Methods for handling spontaneous e-commerce Arabic SMS: CATS, an operational proof of concept [PDF] from gelbukh.com M Daoud… – {R} esearch journal”{P} olibits”, 2008 – polibits.gelbukh.com … To analyze the sublanguage, we first used a web based corpus to build the basic system. A content representation language is defined to capture the meaning of a classified ad post. The semantic grammars of content extraction are coded using the EnCo. … Related articles – View as HTML – All 11 versions

Extraction of Probabilistic Route Information Representations from Human-Robot Dialogs AM Bauer – 2010 – deposit.ddb.de … 26 3.4 Dialog System for Proactive Route Information Extraction . . . . . 29 3.4.1 System Overview . . . . . … 94 C Questionnaires 97 C.1 Questionnaire for Dialog-System Assessment . . . . . … Library Search

[BOOK] Programming Language Techniques for Natural Language Applications [PDF] from gu.se B Bringert – 2008 – gupea.ub.gu.se … Paper II: Multimodal Dialogue System Grammars 49 … Systems which are not multimodal are called unimodal. Interactive speech applications have long been a staple of science fiction. Figures 1 and 2 illustrate two such applications: a speech translator, and a dialogue system. … Cited by 2 – Related articles – Library Search – All 14 versions

[PDF] Natural Language Interfaces to Conceptual Models [PDF] from gate.ac.uk DD Damljanovic – 2011 – gate.ac.uk Page 1. Danica D. Damljanovic Natural Language Interfaces to Conceptual Models Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Sheffield Department of Computer Science July 2011 Page 2. Page 3. Abstract … Related articles – View as HTML – All 3 versions

Domain and Discourse R Porzel – Contextual Computing, 2011 – Springer … The early ways in which knowledge has been represented semantically in spoken dialogue systems or multi-modal dialogue systems show that individual representa- tions with different semantics and heterogeneously structured content can be found in various formats within …

Inducing Genuine Emotions in Simulated Speech-Based Human-Machine Interaction: The NIMITEK Corpus M Gnjatovic… – Affective Computing, IEEE …, 2010 – ieeexplore.ieee.org … None of them had educational background or user experience related to state-of-the-art spoken dialogue systems. … user’s utterance falls outside of the system’s functionality, and on the intentional level, when the user’s utterance falls outside of the system’s semantic grammar. … Cited by 3 – Related articles – All 5 versions

[PDF] Multi-Modal Task Instructions to Robots by Naive Users [PDF] from swrtec.de JC Wolf – 2008 – swrtec.de Page 1. MULTI-MODAL TASK INSTRUCTIONS TO ROBOTS BY NAIVE USERS by JOERG CHRISTIAN WOLF A thesis submitted to the UNIVERSITY OF PLYMOUTH, UK in partial fulfilment for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY … Related articles – View as HTML – All 8 versions

[PDF] Natural-language processing: Method of human-computer interaction [PDF] from bioinfo.in AB Khade, VS Gomase – 2010 – bioinfo.in Page 1. Journal of Machine Learning Technologies, ISSN: 2229-3965 & ISSN: 2229-3973, Volume 1, Issue, 1, 2010, PP-01-36 Copyright @ 2010, Bioinfo Publications Journal of Machine Learning Technologies, ISSN: 2229-3965 & ISSN: 2229-3973, Volume 1, Issue, 1, 2010 … Related articles – View as HTML

A Computational Model for the Influence of Cross-Modal Context upon Syntactic Parsing P McCrae – 2010 – deposit.ddb.de … and for putting up with me in the course of the past few years on those not infrequent occasions when my mind was revolving around thematic role inferences, semantic grammar modelling and lines of Java code more than anything else. … 135 8 Semantic Grammar Evaluation … Cited by 1 – Related articles – Library Search – All 2 versions

[BOOK] Building intelligent interactive tutors: Student-centered strategies for revolutionizing e-learning [PDF] from management-projet.org BP Woolf – 2008 – books.google.com Page 1. BUILDING INTELLIGENT INTERACTIVE TUTORS Student-centered strategies for revolutionizing e-learning Page 2. BUILDING INTELLIGENT INTERACTIVE TUTORS Student-centered strategies for revolutionizing e-learning rlyParkWoolf Page 3. … Cited by 119 – Related articles – Library Search – All 8 versions

MENON: automating a Socratic teaching model for mathematical proofs [PDF] from uni-saarland.de D Tsovaltzi – 2010 – scidok.sulb.uni-saarland.de … 34 1.2.6 Theoretical Work on Designing Feedback Strategies . . . 35 1.2.7 Dialogue Systems: Discourse vs. Task Planning . . . . . … Page 22. xxii CONTENTS Page 23. xxiii List of Figures 1.1 The architecture of the prototype NL tutorial dialogue system of the Dialog project . . . . . … Cited by 1 – Related articles – Library Search – All 4 versions