Linguistic Analysis: From Data to Theory (2011) .. by Annarita Puglielli & Mara Frascarelli
Table of Contents
Introduction … 1
Categories and functions … 5
Different levels of analysis … 5
The theoretical framework: Generative Grammar … 6
X-bar (X’) Theory … 8
The head-complement parameter … 11
Levels of analysis and X’ structure … 15
The Syntax-Semantics interface: Verb Phrase … 16
The Syntax-Morphology interface: Inflectional Phrase … 17
The Syntax-Discourse grammar interface: Complementizer Phrase … 19
Parts-of-speech classification: The concept of category … 20
A formal approach to classification … 22
The concept of grammaticality … 25
Categories: Typology and formal properties … 28
Categories and syntactic functions … 32
Subject function … 33
Predicate function … 38
Modifier function … 41
The structure of the verb phrase … 43
Predicates, arguments and structural Categorization … 43
Argument structure … 45
Macro-roles and event structure … 49
Mono-argument verbs … 52
Two-argument verbs … 55
Three-argument verbs … 61
Macro-roles and VP structure … 62
Argument roles, event structure and overt syntax … 66
Event structure and macro-role of the subject in inflecting and agglutinative languages … 66
Event structure and macro-role of the subject in incorporating languages … 73
Event structure and macro-role of the subject in predicate-initial languages … 77
Arguments realized by clauses … 79
Clauses as nouns … 83
Syntactic functions … 89
The relationship between deep roles and surface structure … 89
Deep and structural Cases … 90
Correlations and tendencies … 91
When structural function is not associated with deep Case: Expletive subjects … 98
Deep roles in surface structure: Ergative languages … 100
The morpl1o-syntactic realization of structural Cases … 104
Subject … 104
Direct object … 112
Morphological Case: Cross-linguistic strategies … 116
The structure of the noun phrase … 129
The internal structure of the NP … 129
Elements in Spec, NP … 130
Elements in Compl, NP and restrictive noun modifiers … 133
When the head is a nominalization … 136
NPs as arguments … 139
The functional area of NP: The determiner phrase (DP) … 142
Noun head modification … 148
Adjectival modification … 149
The relative clause … 161
The internal structure of restrictive relative clauses … 161
Relative clauses from a typological perspective … 166
Types of relative clauses and their meaning … 172
Adverbial modification … 177
Adverbs and adverbials: Preliminary considerations … 177
Properties and distribution of adverbial modifiers … 178
Structural insertion of adverb phrases … 181
Noun and prepositional phrases with adverbial function … 194
Clausal structures with adverbial function … 201
The internal syntax of adverbial clauses … 201
The external syntax of adverbial clauses … 211
The sentence as utterance … 9
Discourse grammar and information structure … 219
Speech acts … 219
Information structure in declarative clauses … 223
The notion of markedness … 224
Given and new in marked and unmarked structures … 226
Focus … 234
Focus strategies in typologically different languages … 236
Focus as a specificational predicate … 239
Focus-prominent languages … 243
Syntactic interface: The complex structure of CP … 244
Prosodic interface … 246
Topicalization … 247
The functions of Topic in discourse … 248
Phrasal restrictions on the topicalized constituent … 255
Topicalization strategies in typologically different languages … 258
Topic-prominent languages … 261
Contrast … 264
Illocutionary force … 269
Types of illocutionary acts … 269
Overt performatives … 270
Covert performatives … 275
Formal markers of the covert performative … 276
Formal markers in the presence of a performative … 276
Illocutionary force and performative structure … 281
The distribution of information in different types of sentences … 283
Requests for information … 284
Requests for action … 290
Illocutionary force and subordinate clauses … 293
Declarative sentences … 294
Interrogative sentences … 297
Imperative sentences … 302
More on illocutionary acts … 305
Performative structure modification … 305
Indirect illocutionary acts … 307
Conclusions … 311
List of languages … 317
List of abbreviations … 321
Notes … 323
References … 359
Subject index … 393
Language index … 401