SHRDLU

shrdlu14

Notes:

SHRDLU was a pioneering natural language understanding program developed by Terry Winograd in the late 1960s and early 1970s. It was designed to understand and respond to simple commands in English, such as “Move the pyramid to the box,” or “What is the pyramid on?” SHRDLU was able to understand and respond to these commands by interpreting the meaning of the words and phrases used in the commands, and by manipulating virtual objects in a computer-generated world. It was an early example of artificial intelligence and natural language processing, and it influenced the development of many subsequent natural language understanding systems.

While SHRDLU and ELIZA were both developed around the same time and both used natural language processing techniques, they had different goals and capabilities. SHRDLU was designed to understand and respond to commands, while ELIZA was designed to engage in conversation with a human user. Additionally, SHRDLU was able to manipulate virtual objects in a computer-generated world, while ELIZA did not have any physical capabilities. As a result, SHRDLU and ELIZA had different applications and uses.

Wikipedia:

References:

See also:

Chatterbot Timeline | Eliza Weizenbaum

SHRDLU: A Game Prototype Inspired by Winograd’s Natural Language Understanding Work
S Ontanon – Fourteenth Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital …, 2018 – aaai.org
This paper describes a game prototype called” SHRDLU” that explores the concept of designing a game around the ideas behind Winograd’s original SHRDLU system. We briefly describe the main gameplay, as well as the natural language and inference architecture …

Photo-Realistic Blocksworld Dataset
M Asai – arXiv preprint arXiv:1812.01818, 2018 – arxiv.org
… Blocksworld is a domain which was proposed in SHRDLU (Winograd, 1971) interactive natural language understanding program, which takes a command input given as a natural language text string, invokes a planner to achieve the task, then display the result …

3D Scene Retrieval from Text
GS Thakurathi, M Thomas, H Savlani – ijrest.net
… language input for creating virtual environments. 2.1. SHRDLU program The SHRDLU program was one of the earliest systems that were able to understand and evaluate natural language. User … 18 Fig-1: SHRDLU program 2.2. Wordseye …

A Cognitive Architecture Consisting of Human Intelligence Factors
R Ichise – Procedia Computer Science, 2018 – Elsevier
… For this purpose, we adopted the same situation used by SHRDLU [7]. SHRDLU is a dialogue system that assumes a block world environment, within which there are several blocks and a crane that can be used for manipulating the blocks … (1) SHRDLU: Ok. (2) …

Of Art· Department
SN Ch – scholarworks.harding.edu
… by May 1 . Shrdlu Gets Taken In By First Baseball Game By Etoain Sbrdlu (Editors Note: The sports ed assign- ed Shrdlu, the Bison’s ace reporter, to cover the Tigers-Red Sox baseball o- pener Saturday. The following is …

Aesop: A Visual Storytelling Platform for Conversational AI.
T Meo, A Raghavan, DA Salter, A Tozzo, A Tamrakar… – IJCAI, 2018 – ijcai.org
… Aesop will help address open research problems such as: conversational AI; joint language and gesture reasoning; planning and dialogue management; and narrative. 2 Related Work SHRDLU [Winograd, 1972] attempted to ground language in a physical world …

Source-target inference models for spatial instruction understanding
H Tan, M Bansal – Thirty-Second AAAI Conference on Artificial …, 2018 – aaai.org
… case. Models that can understand the semantics of block se- lection and moving instructions (and the involved referring expressions) have been a topic of study since the 1970s, eg, the SHRDLU system (Winograd 1972). We …

Learning interpretable spatial operations in a rich 3d blocks world
Y Bisk, KJ Shih, Y Choi, D Marcu – Thirty-Second AAAI Conference on …, 2018 – aaai.org
… Figure 5). Motivation One of the longstanding challenges of AI, first introduced as SHRDLU in early 70s (Winograd 1971), is to build an agent that can follow natural language instructions in a physical environment. The ultimate …

Artificial Minds: Fact or Fantasy?
D Davenport – cs.bilkent.edu.tr
… Winograd’s 1972 SHRDLU (Winograd, 1973) program, applied these ideas to demonstrate natural language understanding in the context of a ‘toy blocks world’ … appending transducers to a computer is obviously not enough (otherwise SHRDLU might easily have been an AI) …

Computation, Semantics, and Meaning: Adding to an Argument by Michael Gavin
WL Benzon – Available at SSRN 3235001, 2018 – papers.ssrn.com
… In the late 1960s Terry Winograd constructed the SHRDLU system while a graduate student at MIT.5 Like most AI systems it was designed to work in a very restricted world, in this case, a world of blocks … URL: http://hci.stanford.edu/~winograd/shrdlu/ Page 9 …

First Approach: Sentence Analysis Using Rewriting Rules
A Gelbukh, H Calvo – Automatic Syntactic Analysis Based on Selectional …, 2018 – Springer
Some of the earliest useful user interaction systems involving sentence analysis used rewriting rules. A famous example of one such system is SHRDLU, which was created in the 1960s by Terry Winograd … SHRDLU is not an acronym …

Now I Remember! Episodic Memory For Reinforcement Learning
R Loynd, M Hausknecht, L Li, L Deng – 2018 – openreview.net
… With the differentiable neural computer (DNC), Graves et al. (2016) showed than an RL agent could use a memory matrix to buffer and use data to complete a moving blocks puzzle (Mini-SHRDLU) … (2016) for the Mini-SHRDLU task …

Automatic Syntactic Analysis Based on Selectional Preferences
A Gelbukh, H Calvo – 2018 – Springer
Page 1. Studies in Computational Intelligence 765 Alexander Gelbukh Hiram Calvo Automatic Syntactic Analysis Based on Selectional Preferences Page 2. Studies in Computational Intelligence Volume 765 Series editor Janusz …

Reference in Robotics: a Givenness Hierarchy Theoretic Approach
T Williams, M Scheutz – 2018 – pdfs.semanticscholar.org
… Trott, & Feldman, 2015)). Reference resolution has been a topic of interest in robotics for nearly a half century, beginning with Winograd’s SHRDLU system (Winograd, 1971). In the SHRDLU system, a simulated robot could be issued an array …

Solving the Frame Problem Socially
H Halpin – Socially Extended Epistemology, 2018 – books.google.com
… building knowledge representation languages on top of micro-worlds were astoundingly successful: A game of artificially intelligent builders that take commands by moving blocks from one place to another was transformed into a computer program called SHRDLU by Minsky’s …

Making the Artificial Real
E Silverman – Methodological Investigations in Agent-Based …, 2018 – Springer
… Winograd’s well-known SHRDLU program (Winograd 1972) could answer questions addressed in natural language that related to a ‘block world’ that it was able to manipulate; the program could demonstrate knowledge of the properties of this world and the relationships of the …

Computer psychotherapy systems: Theory and research foundations
M Wagman – 2018 – content.taylorfrancis.com
… Computer Translation Approaches and Problems Wilk’s Translation System Parsers and Grammars Precision and Flexibility of the Parser Phrase Structure Grammar Parsers Augmented Grammar Parsers Natural Language Understanding Systems SHRDLU ELIZA PARRY …

Engagement Recognition based on Multimodal Behaviors for Human-Robot Dialogue
K Inoue – 2018 – repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp
… Spoken dialogue systems have been investigated for several decades. The origin of works on dialogue systems can be traced to ELIZA [10] and SHRDLU [11]. ELIZA played the role … keyword rephrasing. SHRDLU handled the text command by natural language understanding …

Data preparation and improvement of NLP software modules for parametric speech synthesis
S Gardini – 2018 – tesi.cab.unipd.it
… An example of micro-world approach is SHRDLU, a natural language understanding computer program developed by Terry Winograd in 1968-1970, whose micro-world consisted of coloured blocks of various shapes and sizes arrayed on a flat surface …

Overcoming exploration in reinforcement learning with demonstrations
A Nair, B McGrew, M Andrychowicz… – … on Robotics and …, 2018 – ieeexplore.ieee.org
… including multi-step planning and complex contacts. SHRDLU [26] was one of the pioneering works, but studied block arrangements only in terms of logic and natural language understanding. More recent work on task and motion …

Annual Track & Field Day Set For Tomorrow
J Connell – scholarworks.harding.edu
… But of course – this is where I got my wife.” Barbara Brown: “The sound of silent typewriters in the Bison office.” · Tommy Thompson: “My acquaint- ance with Et~ion Shrdlu.” PICK-UPS We went …. we saw … A_T_1_o_N __ T_o_w_E_R—.ill A LETTER FROM SHRDLU …

Seeking after the Glitter of Intelligence in the Base Metal of Computing: The Scope and Limits of Computational Models in Researching Cognitive Phenomena
T Kolenik – Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems …, 2018 – hrcak.srce.hr
… Terry Winograd, a computer scientist, mostly known for his work on natural language processing in his SHRDLU program in the 1960s and 1970s [1], became rather quickly disillusioned when he started researching the mind using artificial intelligence (AI) half a decade ago …

A Review Of Basics Of Artificial Intelligence
S Tidke – ijcea.com
… processing implemented in the “Eliza” program in 1966 [8], SHRDLU 1973 [9], expert systems leading to Deep Blue 1997 [10], and some of the earlier versions of embodied intelligence such as “Herbert”, “Toto”, and “Genghis” by Brooks, 1987 [11,12] which roamed the …

A Survey On Question Answering Systems: The Advances Of Fuzzy Logic
EMN Alkholy, MH Haggag – Computer Science & Information Technology – airccj.org
… It was able to converse on any topic by resorting to very simple rules that detected important words in the person’s input, And in 1972 they develop SHRDLU that offered the possibility to operation of a robot in a toy world (the “blocks world)to be simulated with ability to ask the …

Building and Learning Structures in a Situated Blocks World Through Deep Language Understanding
I Perera, J Allen, CM Teng, L Galescu – Proceedings of the First …, 2018 – aclweb.org
… Even as early as one of the first Blocks World natural language interaction systems, SHRDLU (Winograd, 1971), discussions about structures and space have been viewed as the foundation for future language understanding systems deal- ing with more abstract and higher …

The Fast and the Flexible: training neural networks to learn to follow instructions from small data
R Leonandya, E Bruni, D Hupkes… – arXiv preprint arXiv …, 2018 – arxiv.org
… more effectively. Introduction Learning to follow instructions from human speakers is a long-pursued goal in artificial intelligence which can at least be traced back to Terry Winograd’s work on SHRDLU (Winograd 1972). This …

Visual Dialogue without Vision or Dialogue
D Massiceti, PK Dokania, N Siddharth… – arXiv preprint arXiv …, 2018 – arxiv.org
… Recent years have seen a great deal of interest in conversational AI, enabling natural language interaction between humans and machines, early pioneering efforts for which include ELIZA (Weizenbaum, 1966) and SHRDLU (Winograd, 1971) …

A Study On Nlp Applications And Ambiguity Problems
S Jusoh – Journal of Theoretical & Applied Information …, 2018 – jatit.org
… In the year of 1978-1970, Terry Winograd, an American professor of computer science at Stanford University showed a successful computer program that can understand a natural language. The program was named as SHRDLU, developed using Lisp programming language …

Learning by Asking Questions and Learning by Aligning Stories: How a Story-Grounded Problem Solver can Acquire Knowledge
Z Yang, PH Winston – 2018 – dspace.mit.edu
… Figure 1: A blocks-world simulator mixing a mar- tini. Each block is identified with an ingredient. Figure 2: A real robot mixing a martini. Courtesy of Adam Kraft. The blocks-world simulator was, of course, inspired by Winograd’s SHRDLU program (1970) …

The “handedness” of language: Directional symmetry breaking of sign usage in words
MI Ashraf, S Sinha – PloS one, 2018 – journals.plos.org
… Adventure of the Dancing Men). For English, the phrase “ETAOIN SHRDLU” has often been used as a mnemonic for recalling the approximate order of the most commonly occurring letters in typical texts. However, a cursory glance …

Associating Colours with Emotions Detected in Social Media Tweets
R Harvey, A Muncey… – … and Simulation of …, 2018 – chesterrep.openrepository.com
… This approach is called n-grams where n is the number of probabilities required to specify a statistical model (Shannon, 1948). One such program was called SHRDLU, which was able to determine actions specified by a user using natural language (Winograd, 1972) …

The Advancement of Nature-Inspired Algorithms for Agriculture
Y Huang – 2018 ASABE Annual International Meeting, 2018 – elibrary.asabe.org
… Turing, 1950). After twenty years Terry Winogard first operationalized Turing’s intelligent machine by creating a blocks world with a natural language understanding computer program, SHRDLU (Winogard, 1971). Experienced …

Towards givenness and relevance-theoretic open world reference resolution
T Williams, E Krause, B Oosterveld… – RSS Workshop on …, 2018 – ece.rochester.edu
… Work on reference resolution in robotics can be traced back to Terry Winograd’s SHRDLU system [58], in which a simulated robot used a procedural semantics approach to nat- ural language understanding in order to carry out commands in a simple environment …

Finding A Common Ground In Human And Machine-Based Text Processing
R Taraban, L Koduru, M LaCour… – EAST EUROPEAN …, 2018 – academia.edu
… Page 85. East European Journal of Psycholinguistics. Volume 5, Number 1, 2018 85 emerged decades earlier, including Weizenbaum’s (1966) ELIZA, Winograd’s (1972) blocks world (SHRDLU), and Schank and colleagues'(1975) MARGIE …

Natural Language Understanding
D Fischer – dan.f3c.com
… grammars Kay (1979) LFG, feature structure unification Bresnan and Kaplan (1982) natural language understanding SHRDLU Winograd (1972a) systemic grammar Halliday scripts, plans, goals, human memory Schank et al …

Why architecture and artificial intelligence?
MW Steenson – XRDS: Crossroads, The ACM Magazine for Students, 2018 – dl.acm.org
… architecture. They did so through architectural use cases (such as with Douglas Engelbart’s Augmented Human Intellect platform, as we will see later) or problems (Terry Winograd’s SHRDLU language that manipulated piles of blocks) …

Exercises in wile
JT Katz – Cultures and Traditions of Wordplay and Wordplay …, 2018 – books.google.com
… 18 When one con- siders the most frequently used letters in any large corpus of English–the con- ventional order begins with the happily pronounceable ETAOIN SHRDLU–one immediately notices the extraordinary fact that four of the five vowels are among the five most …

Interactive grounded language acquisition and generalization in a 2d world
H Yu, H Zhang, W Xu – arXiv preprint arXiv:1802.01433, 2018 – arxiv.org
… of learning. This is unlike some early pioneering systems (eg, SHRDLU (Winograd, 1972)) that hard-coded the syntax or semantics to link language to a simulated world–an approach that presents scalability issues. There are …

Neural modular control for embodied question answering
A Das, G Gkioxari, S Lee, D Parikh, D Batra – arXiv preprint arXiv …, 2018 – arxiv.org
… Grounded Language Learning. Beginning with SHRDLU [19], there has been a rich progression of work in grounding language-based goal specifications into actions and pixels in physically- simulated environments. Recent …

Learning to Follow Language Instructions with Adversarial Reward Induction
D Bahdanau, F Hill, J Leike, E Hughes, P Kohli… – arXiv preprint arXiv …, 2018 – arxiv.org
… training or fine-tuning policies. 3 Experiments We experiment with AGILE in a grid environment that we call GridLU, short for Grid Language Understanding and after the famous SHRDLU world [29]. GridLU is a fully observable …

UMCS
AA from Robotics – researchgate.net
… emerge’14. Apart from size of a social group, the differences in physical and cognitive endowment of members of the group influ- ence a communication system, 11 A paradigmatic example of such a system was SHRDLU. Cf. T …

Procedural synthetic data for self-driving cars using 3D graphics
N Bhandari – 2018 – dspace.mit.edu
… some form since the rise of AI in the research world. Terry Winograd’s program SHRDLU[11], for example, could be viewed as operating on a synthetic, simplified version of the world. For his and other’s AIs at the time, a synthetic representation …

The political economy of bots: Theory and method in the study of social automation
S Woolley – The Political Economy of Robots, 2018 – Springer
… 1954: The “Georgetown Experiment” successfully converts over 60 Russian sentences to English automatically. 1964–1970: SHRDLU, an early natural language processing (NLP) program that uses pre-programmed handwritten NLP rules, is created …

Lifetime Achievement Award
M Steedman – 2018 – research.ed.ac.uk
… Woods, 2010.) A * register was also used for wh- constructions within a systemic grammar framework by Winograd (1972: 52-53) in his inspiring conversational program SHRDLU. However, it was unclear how to generalize the HOLD register to handle the multiple long …

LATEX
M Kline – 2018 – assets.bitbashing.io
Page 1. Modern LATEX First edition Matt Kline Page 2. Copyright © 2018 by Matt Kline This book is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. In short, you are free to share, translate …

Ministry Of Education Of Azerbaijan Baku Engineering University
MH Ismayil – researchgate.net
… STU- DENT, in turn, was built to answer mathematical questions of high school students. LILOG was crafted to assist the tourists who wanted to learn about the German cities. SHRDLU was a simulation for the robot designed for the toy world. It was constructed …

Building a Neural Semantic Parser from a Domain Ontology
J Cheng, S Reddy, M Lapata – arXiv preprint arXiv:1812.10037, 2018 – arxiv.org
… It converts queries into programs by mapping syntactic fragments to semantic units. Another example is the shrdlu system (Winograd, 1972) which launches dialogs between the user and the system-simulated robot to manipulate simple objects on a table …

Negotiation in Automated E-Coaching
RJ Beun, F Griffioen-Both, J Lancee – 2018 – researchgate.net
… of these interaction types. A combination of these types was already applied in the design of, for instance, SHRDLU (Winograd, 1971), the DenK-system (Ahn et al., 1995) and Collagen (Rich et al., 2001). In SleepCare, the symbolic …

Cryptology, Mathematics, and Technology
S Zabell – Technology and Mathematics, 2018 – Springer
… For reference, the approximate order of occurrence of the most common letters in ordinary English is: $$\displaystyle \begin{aligned} \text{ETAOIN }\ \text{SHRDLU} \end{aligned}$$. (Of course, frequency of occurrence depends on both context and language …

MEDICAL EXAMS, l F acuity Increased·
RA Added – scholarworks.harding.edu
… A trip to Imboden, Arkansas, is amount will be sent immedia:tely ‘dent of / the class,- led the meeting. scheduled for September 29. About wefooj: shrdlu etao inmfwyp vbgk’qj Plans for a fall outing, and for . l • as v1 e, ennessee. ing which time the new member Mayfair Hotel. I …

Learning to Understand Goal Specifications by Modelling Reward
D Bahdanau, F Hill, J Leike, E Hughes, A Hosseini… – 2018 – openreview.net
… 3 Page 4. Under review as a conference paper at ICLR 2019 3 EXPERIMENTS We experiment with AGILE in a grid world environment that we call GridLU, short for Grid Language Understanding and after the famous SHRDLU world (Winograd, 1972) …

Cognitive robotics: The new challenges in artificial intelligence
B Lara, A Ciria, E Escobar, W Gaona… – Advanced topics on …, 2018 – Springer
… programmed to respond to. However, the main argument also applies to Winograd’s SHRDLU (Winograd 1973), Weizenbaum’s ELIZA (Weizenbaum 1965), and of course the Turing Test (Turing 1950). Harnad (1989) defended …

Making the Web Meaningful: A History of Web Semantics
L Poirier – The SAGE Handbook of Web History, 2018 – books.google.com
… 1980), a computer scientist at MIT who later moved to Stanford University, also inclined towards a proceduralist and scruffy approach to knowledge representation in the mid to late 1970s after coming to terms with the inability of his ‘micro-worlds’ system SHRDLU to scale to real …

The Normal Choir. Sings
U CHINA, MIS HONORED – commons.emich.edu
… the good work that is being done anthem “The Bea , etaoin shrdlu here is appreciated more and more. The meeting closed with auna- mous vote of thanks by the Club to :\iinerva Literarv Societv the critic Professor McKay, for his splendid work in coaching the de baters …

Cave Gave Game: Subterranean Space as Videogame Place by Dennis Jerz and David Thomas
M Portela, H Bergthaller, M Aquilina, I Callus… – Silva – jerz.setonhill.edu
… 1 2 3 4 NOTE 1. In Twisty Little Passages: An Approach to Interactive Fiction, Montfort aptly traces the influence of Adventure’s precursors, such as “ELIZA,” “SHRDLU,” and Hunt the Wumpus (the latter of which was also set in a cave) …

Computational Pragmatics: A Survey in China and the World
XB Li, ZX Ma – Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on …, 2018 – dl.acm.org
… the research approaches are abduction, belief and context. This paper also reviewed some formal language understanding systems like SHRDLU, LUNAR, TRAINS, DenK, etc. In 2006, Dan Jurafsky examined the relationship …

Innovation Management And Artificial Intelligence: The Impact Of Digitalisation On Management Processes
D TOH?NEAN – Review, 2018 – afahc.ro
… the AI. In linguistic intelligence, the goal is to recognize natural language, to translate an input text into speech, and vice versa. Programs such as SHRDLU or ELIZA are among the best-known language systems. ELIZA is a …

SA picks homecoming theme As plans near finalization
J Warren – scholarworks.harding.edu
… Layout a page or two. And we’D have a paper, We’ll have a paper~ Before you can say Etaoln shrdlu. This helps a little blt, but it doesn’t right the Wl’Oilg being done the E.Qgllab department, the aecretarial ~liCe department, the bioloif department, and so on …

The Autonomous Creative System
A van Giersbergen – 2018 – aaltodoc.aalto.fi
… 27 2.3.5 Clustering and Chunking 29 3 Case Studies 32 3.1 DeepDream 32 3.2 Creative Adversarial Network 34 3.3 SHRDLU 37 4 The Proposed Autonomous Creative System 39 4.1 System Description 39 4.2 System Modules 43 4.2.1 Percept System 43 …

Hallo Robot: Meet Your New Workmate and Friend
B Mols, N Vergunst – 2018 – books.google.com
… INSIGHT: Why roboticised car building is like ballet 69 5 Page 7. 5. Learning to speak to people The problem with machine talk • SHRDLU! The first experiment in robot conversation • Toilets are hidden: translation problems …

Understanding the Qualitative Nature of Product Reviews by Integrating Text Processing Algorithm and Usability Feature Extraction
?? – 2018 – s-space.snu.ac.kr
… Page 19. 9 In 1960s, both SHRDLU (Ward, 2003) and ELIZA are successful NLP systems developed during the period. SHRDLU was developed by Terry Winograd at MIT in year of 1969 to 1970 (Winograd, 1971), the developed …

The Self-Reflexive Text of “Aeolus”
S MacDuff – European Joyce Studies, 2018 – search.ebscohost.com
… one or more columns of keys to generate enough garbled metal print characters to complete the line – which would then be extracted and replaced by the correct line … Needless to say, it wasn’t long be- fore readers started to find evidence of etaoin shrdlu, as compositors …

Accuracy evaluation of methods and techniques in Web-based question answering systems: a survey
AA Shah, SD Ravana, S Hamid, MA Ismail – Knowledge and Information …, 2018 – Springer
… the users [32]. SHRDLU [50], an animated robot with a visible arm, is one such system where users could ask questions, such as location of objects or history of actions such as when or why they were performed. MYCIN [51] is …

Evaluation of Machine Learning Models for Patient Data De-identification in Clinical Records
Y Kakarla – 2018 – dalspace.library.dal.ca
… machine learning algorithms in the late 1980s. Initial ML algorithms like Decision 1SHRDLU: http://hci.stanford.edu/winograd/shrdlu/ 2JABBERWACKY:https://web.archive. org/web/20050411014336/http://jabberwacky. com/ 11 Page 25. 12 …

The Nortnal College News
G Ovation – commons.emich.edu
Page 1. Eastern Michigan University DigitalCommons@EMU …

Anthropomorphic machines: alien sensation and experience in nonhumans created to be like us
TG Leach – 2018 – minerva-access.unimelb.edu.au
… The third is the language- using artificial intelligence program SHRDLU developed by Terry Winograd between 1968 and 1972 … 113 Chapter 4: SHRDLU and Bidirectional Postphenomenology ….. 123 What is (or was) SHRDLU …

Learning to collaborate: robots building together
KS Hajash – 2018 – dspace.mit.edu
… Separately, Terry Winograd (1971) implemented the blocks world for his program SHRDLU, whereby human users place requests to move blocks using Figure 3. Diagram mapping cooperation, collaboration and coordination along two axes (autonomy and formal structure) …

Artificial Intelligence: A Very Short Introduction
MA Boden – 2018 – books.google.com
Page 1. º, ? º roduction Page 2. Artificial Intelligence: A Very Short Introduction Page 3. VERY SHORT INTRODUCTIONS are for anyone wanting a stimulating and accessible way into a new subject. They are written by experts …

Precise but Natural Specification for Robot Tasks
B Boldt, I Gavran, E Darulova, R Majumdar – arXiv preprint arXiv …, 2018 – arxiv.org
… V. RELATED WORK There are many systems commanding or communicating naturally with robots as well as creating programming lan- guages for robots usable by non-programmers, starting with the seminal work in SHRDLU [19], and continuing over the years [9], [10], [20] …

Discourse and Dialogue
SE Brennan, AK Kuhlen, J Charoy – Stevens’ Handbook of …, 2018 – books.google.com
Page 162. CHAPTER 5 Discourse and Dialogue SUSAN E. BRENNAN, ANNA K. KUHLEN, AND JEANNE CHAROY INTRODUCTION Discourse is language used in social context—typically, utterances or sentences, connected …

The Lost Combinator
M Steedman – Computational Linguistics, 2018 – MIT Press
… yearly basis—cf. Woods [2010].) A * register was also used for wh-constructions within a systemic grammar framework by Winograd (1972, pages 52–53) in his inspiring conversational program SHRDLU. However, it was unclear …

School of Computing
EA Chukwudozie – 2018 – minerva.leeds.ac.uk
Page 1. – 1 – Bible Question Answering System Emefoh Augustine Chukwudozie Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of MSc Advanced Computer Science 2017/2018 School of Computing FACULTY OF ENGINEERING Page 2. – 2 …

Nor01al COiiege Ne-ws
GE BANKS, GC BANKS – commons.emich.edu
Page 1. Eastern Michigan University DigitalCommons@EMU …

Natural Language Core Tasks and Applications
VN Gudivada – … of Natural Languages: Principles, Methods and …, 2018 – books.google.com
… using primarily speech. Interest in NLUI dates back to the 1960s. SHRDLU was one of the first NLUI for manipulating objects in a virtual blocks world. ELIZA was another NLUI system that mimicked a psychotherapist. In the 1980s …

A tribute to MAK Halliday (1925–2018)
K Davidse – Functions of Language, 2018 – jbe-platform.com
Welcome to e-content platform of John Benjamins Publishing Company. Here you can find all of our electronic books and journals, for purchase and download or subscriber access.

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Learning, Teaching, and Education
I Tuomi – 2018 – researchgate.net
Page 1. The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Learning, Teaching, and Education Policies for the future Author: Tuomi, Ilkka Editors: Cabrera, Marcelino; Vuorikari, Riina; Punie, Yves EUR 29442 EN Page 2. i This publication …

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Learning, Teaching, and Education
T Ilkka – 2018 – repositorio.minedu.gob.pe
Page 1. The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Learning, Teaching, and Education Policies for the future Author: Tuomi, Ilkka Editors: Cabrera, Marcelino; Vuorikari, Riina; Punie, Yves EUR 29442 EN Page 2. i This publication …

Artificial Intelligence and Robotics
JA Perez, F Deligianni, D Ravi, GZ Yang – arXiv preprint arXiv:1803.10813, 2018 – arxiv.org
… DARPA cuts in academic research on AI • Parallel Computing • MYCIN Medical decision support syste • SHRDLU Language understanding and robotics • First game playing • IBM (Arthur Samuel) • Man-computer Symbiosis • Semantic nets (Masterman) • Birth of PROLOG …

Learning what to learn in a neural program
R Shin, D Song – 2018 – openreview.net
Page 1. Under review as a conference paper at ICLR 2018 LEARNING WHAT TO LEARN IN A NEURAL PROGRAM Anonymous authors Paper under double-blind review ABSTRACT Learning programs with neural networks …

URE
J CLABKHCK, SO District – digitalcommons.cedarville.edu
Page 1. Cedarville University DigitalCommons@Cedarville The Cedarville Herald The Cedarville Herald 4-18-1941 The Cedarville Herald, April 18, 1941 Cedarville University Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/cedarville_herald …

Methodological Investigations in Agent-Based Modelling: With Applications for the Social Sciences
E Silverman – 2018 – Springer
Page 1. Methodos Series 13 Methodological Investigations in Agent-Based Modelling Eric Silverman With Applications for the Social Sciences Page 2. Methodos Series Methodological Prospects in the Social Sciences Volume 13 …

Interdisciplinary Description Of Complex Systems
F Klauser, U Kordeš, T Strle, T Kolenik, M Malec… – INDECS, 2018 – indecs.eu
Page 1. 16(4), pp.524-578, 2018 ISSN 1334-46844 INTERDISCIPLINARY DESCRIPTION OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS Scientific Journal F. Klauser and U. Kordeš 524 Loops and Recursions in Cognitive Science: Cross-Roads between Methodology and Epistemology …

Biologically Evolved Forms of Compositionality
A Sloman – cs.bham.ac.uk
Page 1. (DRAFT: Liable to change) Last updated: 1 Nov 2018 Biologically Evolved Forms of Compositionality Structural relations and constraints vs Statistical correlations and probabilities …

Anaphora with non-nominal antecedents in computational linguistics: A survey
V Kolhatkar, A Roussel, S Dipper… – Computational …, 2018 – MIT Press
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A Bibliography of Publications in The Computer Journal: 1958–1999
NHF Beebe – 2018 – ctan.math.utah.edu
Page 1. A Bibliography of Publications in The Computer Journal: 1958–1999 Nelson HF Beebe University of Utah Department of Mathematics, 110 LCB 155 S 1400 E RM 233 Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0090 USA Tel: +1 801 581 5254 FAX: +1 801 581 4148 …