NIF (NLP Interchange Format)

Notes:

NIF (Natural Language Processing Interchange Format) is a standardized format for representing and exchanging linguistic data and annotations. It is based on the Resource Description Framework (RDF) and the Web Ontology Language (OWL), which are both widely used for representing and exchanging data on the Semantic Web.

NIF was developed to address the challenges of interoperability and exchangeability between different NLP tools and resources. It provides a common format for representing linguistic data and annotations in a way that is machine-readable and can be easily shared and reused by different NLP tools and applications.

NIF aims to support a wide range of NLP tasks, including tokenization, part-of-speech tagging, named entity recognition, coreference resolution, and many others. It can be used to represent a variety of linguistic data, such as text documents, lexical resources, and annotated corpora. NIF plays an important role in language engineering by promoting interoperability and reuse of linguistic data and annotations in the development and application of NLP tools and systems.

Language engineering refers to the application of engineering principles and techniques to the development and use of natural language processing (NLP) tools and systems. It involves the design, implementation, and evaluation of NLP technologies that enable computers to understand, generate, and analyze human language.

Language engineering includes a wide range of activities, such as the development of machine translation systems, text-to-speech synthesis systems, natural language understanding systems, and many others. It also involves the development of language resources, such as annotated corpora and lexical databases, and the use of these resources to train and evaluate NLP models.

Language engineering requires a strong understanding of both computer science and linguistics, as it involves the application of computational techniques to the analysis and processing of natural language data. It is a rapidly growing field, with many exciting research directions and applications.

Resources:

knowledgestore.fbk.eu .. scalable storage for text and RDF data

N3-a collection of datasets for named entity recognition and disambiguation in the nlp interchange format M Röder, R Usbeck, S Hellmann, D Gerber, A Both – 9th LREC, 2014 – svn.aksw.org Abstract Extracting Linked Data following the Semantic Web principle from unstructured sources has become a key challenge for scientific research. Named Entity Recognition and Disambiguation are two basic operations in this extraction process. One step towards the … Cited by 11 Related articles All 2 versions

NIF: An ontology-based and linked-data-aware NLP Interchange Format S Hellmann, J Lehmann, S Auer – Working Draft, 2012 – Citeseer ABSTRACT We are currently observing a plethora of Natural Language Processing tools and services being made available. Each of the tools and services has its particular strengths and weaknesses, but exploiting the strengths and synergistically combining … Cited by 3 Related articles All 3 versions

Proposal for using NLP interchange format for question answering in organizations M Latifi – 2014 – upcommons.upc.edu The growth of technology and sciences has greatly influenced the area of management and decision-making procedures, and has dramatically changed the decision-making processes in different levels, both quantitatively and qualitatively. Knowledge management plays a … Related articles All 6 versions

The Use of NLP Interchange Format for Question Answering in Organizations. M Latifi, M Sànchez-Marrè – CCIA, 2013 – researchgate.net Abstract. One of the main problems enterprises face today is the bulk of data derived from various resources. Furthermore, the growth of technology and sciences has greatly influenced the area of management and decision-making procedures, and has … Related articles All 6 versions

Nif combinator: Combining nlp tool output S Hellmann, J Lehmann, S Auer… – Knowledge Engineering …, 2012 – Springer … Abstract. The NLP Interchange Format (NIF) is an RDF/OWL-based format that provides interoperability between Natural Language Process- ing (NLP) tools, language resources and annotations by allowing NLP tools to exchange annotations about text documents in RDF. … Cited by 9 Related articles All 9 versions

Integrating nlp using linked data S Hellmann, J Lehmann, S Auer… – The Semantic Web–ISWC …, 2013 – Springer … applications. In this paper, we present the NLP Interchange Format (NIF). … tasks. In order to simplify the combination of tools, improve their interoperability and facilitate the use of Linked Data we developed the NLP Interchange Format (NIF). … Cited by 48 Related articles All 7 versions

The Use of NLP Interchange Format for Question Answering in Organizations K Gibert – … Research and Development: Proceedings of the …, 2013 – books.google.com Abstract. One of the main problems enterprises face today is the bulk of data derived from various resources. Furthermore, the growth of technology and sciences has greatly in?uenced the area of management and decision-making procedures, and has … Related articles

Off-Road LAF: Encoding and Processing Annotations in NLP Workflows E Lapponi, E Velldal, S Oepen, RL Knudsen – 2014 – lrec-conf.org … The NLP Interchange Format (NIF) stands out to a cer- tain degree in this comparison due to its core reliance on the Resource Description Framework (RDF) and Web On- tology Language (OWL), ie, so-called semantic technolo- gies. … Related articles All 3 versions

NERD meets NIF: Lifting NLP Extraction Results to the Linked Data Cloud. G Rizzo, R Troncy, S Hellmann, M Bruemmer – LDOW, 2012 – eurecom.fr … 4. NIF: AN NLP INTERCHANGE FORMAT The NLP Interchange Format (NIF) is an RDF/OWL- based format that aims to achieve interoperability between Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools, language resources and annotations. … Cited by 58 Related articles All 12 versions

Linking four heterogeneous language resources as linked data B Siemoneit, JP McCrae, P Cimiano – ACL-IJCNLP 2015, 2015 – aclweb.org … such as terminologies. For the MASC corpus we used the NLP Interchange Format (NIF)(Hellmann et al., 2013), a stand-off annotation format for the rep- resentation of annotations of text for NLP appli- cations. We briefly describe …

Linked-data aware uri schemes for referencing text fragments S Hellmann, J Lehmann, S Auer – Knowledge Engineering and …, 2012 – Springer … chemnitz.de Abstract. The NLP Interchange Format (NIF) is an RDF/OWL-based format that aims to achieve interoperability between Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools, language resources and annotations. The moti … Cited by 22 Related articles All 10 versions

The German DBpedia: A sense repository for linking entities S Hellmann, C Stadler, J Lehmann – Linked Data in Linguistics, 2012 – Springer … This function is provided by DBpedia Spotlight, which we briefly introduce. We then show how the NLP Interchange Format (NIF) can be used to represent this linking transparently for applications. … 4 NLP Interchange Format … Cited by 7 Related articles All 7 versions

POWLA: Modeling linguistic corpora in OWL/DL C Chiarcos – The Semantic Web: Research and Applications, 2012 – Springer … This is, however, a preliminary solution and may be revised. Further, Terminals may be linked to the primary data (strings) in accordance to the currently developed NLP Interchange Format (NIF).2 The POWLAElement Layer corresponds to a layer in PAULA. … Cited by 16 Related articles All 6 versions

Towards an ontology for representing strings S Hellmann, J Lehmann, S Auer – Proceedings of the EKAW, 2012 – Citeseer … aksw.org Abstract. The NLP Interchange Format (NIF) is an RDF/OWL-based format that aims to achieve interoperability between Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools, language resources and annotations. The moti- vation … Cited by 8 Related articles All 5 versions

The web of data: Decentralized, collaborative, interlinked and interoperable S Auer, S Hellmann – Proceedings of the 8th International Conference …, 2012 – lrec-conf.org … a replace- ment. An overview over approaches that provide Linked Data and SPARQL on top of relational database systems, for example, can be found in (Auer et al., 2009). The NLP Interchange Format (cf. section 6.) allows … Cited by 9 Related articles All 5 versions

Exploiting linked open data to uncover entity types J Gao, S Mazumdar – Semantic Web Evaluation Challenges, 2015 – Springer … The NLP Interchange Format (NIF) is an RDF/OWL-based format that aims to achieve interoperability between Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools, language resources and annotations. 7 http://persistence.uni-leipzig.org/nlp2rdf/. Page 4. 54 J. Gao and S. Mazumdar … Cited by 3

EUROSENTIMENT: Linked Data Sentiment Analysis JF Sánchez-Rada, G Vulcu, CA Iglesias… – Proceedings of the 13th …, 2014 – ceur-ws.org … 2 In order to overcome these limitations, we have defined a Linked Data Model for Sentiment and Emotion Analysis, which is based on the combination of sev- eral vocabularies: the NLP Interchange Format (NIF) [1], to represent informa- tion about texts, referencing text in the … Cited by 1 Related articles All 3 versions

A Multilingual Semantic Network as Linked Data: lemon-BabelNet M Ehrmann, F Cecconi, D Vannella, JP McCrae… – 2014 – lemon-model.net … 1http://linguistics.okfn.org/2011/05/20/the-open-linguistics- working-group/ 2http://okfn.org/ 3http://www.w3.org/community/ontolex/ NLP Interchange Format (NIF) (Hellmann et al., 2013). De facto, common initiatives between SW and NLP are multi- plying4. … Cited by 3 Related articles All 3 versions

Korean Linked Data on the Web: Text to RDF M Rezk, J Park, Y Yongun, K Lim, J Larsen… – Semantic …, 2013 – Springer … We show preliminary results evaluating this first attempt tackling Item 3. The contribution of this work is many-fold: (i) Ontologies for Korean linguis- tic annotations; (ii) i18n of the NLP Interchange Format; (iii) An application (available online) that allows processing Korean text … Cited by 2 Related articles All 7 versions

GAF: A grounded annotation framework for events A Fokkens, M Van Erp, P Vossen, S Tonelli… – NAACL HLT, 2013 – Citeseer … We will harmonize TAF, the Kyoto Annotation Format (Bosma et al., 2009, KAF) and the NLP Interchange Format (Hellmann et al., 2012, NIF) with respect to the textual representation in the near future. … NIF: An ontology-based and linked-data-aware NLP Interchange Format. … Cited by 18 Related articles All 17 versions

A survey on the exchange of linguistic resources: Publishing linguistic linked open data on the Web L Lezcano, S Sánchez-Alonso, AJ Roa-Valverde – Program, 2013 – emeraldinsight.com Cited by 5 Related articles All 5 versions

The Language Application Grid Web Service Exchange Vocabulary N Ide, J Pustejovsky, K Suderman… – COLING …, 2014 – anthology.aclweb.org … While some progress has been made toward enabling syntactic interoperability via the development of standard representation formats (eg, ISO LAF/GrAF (Ide and Suderman, 2014; ISO-24612, 2012), NLP Interchange Format (NIF)(Hellmann et al., 2013), UIMA2 Common … Related articles All 6 versions

A Linked Data Model for Multimodal Sentiment and Emotion Analysis JF Sánchez-Rada, G de Sistemas, CA Iglesias… – ACL-IJCNLP 2015, 2015 – aclweb.org … Unfor- tunately, the lack of standard formats hin- ders interoperability. To tackle this prob- lem, previous works propose the use of the NLP Interchange Format (NIF) as both a common semantic format and an API for textual sentiment analysis. … Cited by 1

Towards open data for linguistics: Linguistic linked data C Chiarcos, J McCrae, P Cimiano… – New Trends of Research in …, 2013 – Springer … Concept hierarchies. subClassOf. RDF schema. Relations between vocabularies. broader. Simple knowledge organization scheme. Linguistic annotation. lemma. NLP interchange format. RDF has been applied for various purposes beyond its original field of application. … Cited by 24 Related articles All 6 versions

Generalizing ITS as an Interoperable Annotation Technique for Global Intelligent Content D LEWIS, A O’CONNOR, R Brennan, D O’SULLIVAN – 2013 – edepositireland.ie … recognition. This has resulted in a proposal for an RDF vocabulary supporting the exporting of language resource resulting from NLP component processing, termed the NLP Interchange Format (NIF) (Hellman et al 2013). Bi … Related articles All 7 versions

ConTEXT–lightweight text analytics using linked data A Khalili, S Auer, ACN Ngomo – The Semantic Web: Trends and …, 2014 – Springer … The creation of analytics mashups requires dealing with the heterogeneity of different corpora as well as the heterogeneity of different NLP services utilized for annotation. conTEXT employs NIF (NLP Interchange Format) [10] to deal with this het- erogeneity. … Cited by 10 Related articles All 7 versions

TELIX: An RDF-based model for linguistic annotation E Rubiera, L Polo, D Berrueta, A El Ghali – The Semantic Web: Research …, 2012 – Springer … Morgan & Claypool (2011) 15. Hellmann, S.: NLP Interchange Format (NIF) 1.0 specification, http://nlp2rdf.org/nif-1-0 16. Ide, N., Romary, L.: International Standard for a Linguistic Annotation Frame- work. Journal of Natural Language Engineering 10 (2004) 17. … Cited by 9 Related articles All 4 versions

TowardsWeb-Scale Collaborative Knowledge Extraction S Hellmann, S Auer – The people’s web meets nlp, 2013 – Springer … on top. The recently published NLP Interchange Format (NIF) provides a way to annotate textual resources on the Web through the assignment of URIs with fragment identifiers. We will … and tasks. NLP Interchange Format In order … Cited by 4 Related articles All 2 versions

A model for linguistic resource description N Ide, K Suderman – Proceedings of the Sixth Linguistic Annotation …, 2012 – dl.acm.org … Its design has been informed by previous and current approaches and tools, including but not limited to UIMA CAS(Ferrucci and Lally, 2004), GATE (Cunning- ham et al., 2002), ANVIL (Kipp, Forthcoming), ELAN (Auer et al., 2010), and the NLP Interchange Format (NIF)5 under … Cited by 2 Related articles All 12 versions

Onyx: A Linked Data approach to emotion representation JF Sánchez-Rada, CA Iglesias – Information Processing & Management, 2015 – Elsevier … With regards to annotated corpora, there are two initiatives ( Chiarcos, Hellmann, & Nordhoff, 2012), POWLA ( Chiarcos, 2012a) and NLP Interchange Format (NIF) ( Hellmann, 2013) that enable to link lexical-semantic resources to corpora. … Cited by 1 Related articles All 2 versions

Representing texts as contextualized entity-centric linked data graphs A Freitas, S O’Riain, E Curry… – Database and Expert …, 2013 – ieeexplore.ieee.org … The main motiva- tion for the creation of SemML is to provide a serialization format which better supports nested contextual elements such as temporal and triple annotations (eg associated numeric values to triples). NLP Interchange Format (NIF )1 is a format … Cited by 4 Related articles All 17 versions

Establishing interoperability between linguistic and terminological ontologies W Peters – New Trends of Research in Ontologies and Lexical …, 2013 – Springer … With respect to interoperability, The NLP Interchange Format (NIF 5 ) is an RDF/OWL-based format that aims to achieve interoperability between Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools, language resources and annotations. … Cited by 2 Related articles All 3 versions

Integrating Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Language Resources Using Linked Data S Hellmann – 2013 – qucosa.de … part iii – the nlp interchange format (nif). Chapter 7 … The NLP Interchange Format (NIF) is an RDF/OWL-based format that aims to achieve interoper- ability between Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools, language resources and annotations. … Cited by 2 Related articles All 2 versions

Lemon-aid: using Lemon to aid quantitative historical linguistic analysis S Moran, M Brümmer – 2nd Workshop on Linked Data in …, 2013 – researchgate.net … using NLP Interchange Format (Hellmann et al., 2012) to keep track of where information in the dictionaries comes from – or in other words, use NIF combined with Lemon to an- notate the QHL data sources for provenance … Cited by 1 Related articles All 7 versions

Towards Model Driven Architectures for Human Language Technologies A Di Bari, P di Trento, K Tymoshenko, G Vetere – COLING 2014, 2014 – aclweb.org … et al., 2011; Liu et al., 2012). For instance, NLP Interchange Format, NIF,(Hellmann et al., 2013) is intended to allow various NLP tools to interact on web in a decentralized manner. Its annotation model, NIF Core Ontology, encoded … Related articles All 5 versions

Reusing Linguistic Resources: Tasks and Goals for a Linked Data Approach. M van Erp – 2012 – Springer … 1 At the time of writing this contribution, the LOD2 2 project publicly announced that they are developing an NLP Interchange Format (NIF) 3 to further interoperability between NLP tools, linguistic resources and annotations (Hellmann et al., this vol.). … Cited by 3 Related articles All 6 versions

RuleML2013 @Challenge, Human Language Technology and Doctoral Consortium P Fodor, D Roman, D Anicic, A Wyner, M Palmirani… – 2013 – Citeseer … Table of Contents • Preface Part 1: RuleML2013@ Doctoral Consortium Doctoral Consortium Papers 1. Proposal for Using NLP Interchange Format for Question Answering in Organizations Majid Latifi 2. Process Representation Using Transaction Logic Reza Basseda 3. First …

Toward Recipes for Arabic DBpedia AO Bahanshal, HS Al-Khalifa – … and Web-based Applications & Services, 2013 – dl.acm.org … Also, they explained the usage of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools for annotating mentions of German DBpedia resources in natural language through NLP Interchange Format (NIF) [16] and DBpedia Spotlight [17]. … Cited by 1 Related articles

RDFaCE-Lite: a WYSIWYM editor for user-friendly semantic text authoring A Khalili, S Auer – The Semantic Web: ESWC 2012 Satellite Events, 2012 – Springer … http://?lupedia.?ontotext.?com/? and DBpedia Spotlight – http://?dbpedia.?org/? spotlight. 2 NLP Interchange Format (NIF) available at http://?nlp2rdf.?org/?. 3 Available at http://?wordpress.?org/?extend/?plugins/?rdface/?. … Related articles All 8 versions

Linking linguistic resources: Examples from the open linguistics working group C Chiarcos, S Hellmann, S Nordhoff – Linked Data in Linguistics, 2012 – Springer … (this vol.), textual data can be automatically en- riched with entity links, eg, to the (German instantiation of the) German DBpedia, eg, using a NIF-based NLP pipeline. The development of the NLP Interchange Format is synchronized with the development of POWLA. … Cited by 13 Related articles All 7 versions

Representing multilingual data as linked data: the case of BabelNet 2.0 M Ehrmann, F Cecconi, D Vannella… – Proc. of …, 2014 – wwwusers.di.uniroma1.it … In the medium term, a Web-based integration of NLP tools and applications is foreseeable; a few steps have already been taken in this direction with the recent definition of the NLP Interchange Format (NIF) (Hellmann et al., 2013). … Cited by 19 Related articles All 4 versions

RDFaCE-Lite: A WYSIWYM Editor for User-Friendly Semantic Text Authoring E Simperl – The Semantic Web: ESWC 2012 Satellite Events: …, 2015 – books.google.com … evri. com, Lupedia-http://lupedia. ontotext. com/and DBpedia Spotlight-http:// dbpedia. org/spotlight. 2 NLP Interchange Format (NIF) available at http://nlp2rdf. org/. Page 394. 378 A. Khalili and S. Auer Fig. 2. Editing entity annotations in RDFaCE-Lite. Annotator. … Related articles

Harmonizing Lexical Data for their Linking to Knowledge Objects in the Linked Data Framework T Declerck – Workshop on Lexical and Grammatical Resources for …, 2014 – aclweb.org … Some projects and initiatives have been very active in this field, and we want to mention here only a few, like the LOD2 project4, which released among others the NIF (NLP Interchange Format) 5 speci- fications, or the Monnet project6, which delivered the lemon model for the … Related articles All 6 versions

NAF and GAF: Linking linguistic annotations A Fokkens, A Soroa, Z Beloki, N Ockeloen… – Proceedings 10th Joint …, 2014 – sigsem.uvt.nl … Notable ex- ceptions are the NLP Interchange Format (Hellmann et al., 2013, NIF), which is tightly linked to OLiA, UIMA mantic layer that collects evidence form all mentions. It is at this level, where we will ultimately have to resolve conflicting infor- mation from mentions. … Cited by 15 Related articles All 4 versions

Recognizing, Classifying and Linking Entities with Wikipedia and DBpedia M Dojchinovski, T Kliegr – WIKT 2012, 2012 – dojchinovski.mk … Page 3. 3 5 Example and NIF Export The web-service interface of our THD tool provides results in the RDF-based NLP Interchange Format (NIF) [2] which utilize the String Ontology4 (str prefix) as well as the Structured Sentence Ontology5 (sso prefix). … Related articles All 2 versions

Interoperability of corpora and annotations C Chiarcos – Linked Data in Linguistics, 2012 – Springer … This is, however, a prelimi- nary solution. Forthcoming versions of POWLA may address Nonterminals by means of pre- and post-order as defined by Trißl and Leser (2007), and Terminals may be linked to strings in accordance to the NLP Interchange Format NIF (cf. … Cited by 21 Related articles All 7 versions

Web-Based Ontology Editor Enhanced By Property Value Extraction T Kawamura, I Shin, A Ohsuga – International Journal of Web & Semantic …, 2013 – airccse.org … properties. Furthermore, NERD (Named Entity Recognition and Disambiguation) framework [11] has proposed an RDF/OWL-based NLP Interchange Format (NIF) and an API to unify various tools for a qualitative comparison. … Related articles All 3 versions

Language Resources and Linked Data: A Practical Perspective J Gracia, D Vila-Suero, JP McCrae, T Flati… – Knowledge Engineering …, 2014 – Springer … However, in addition to lexica, the representation and publishing as LD of multilingual texts, annotations and corpora is also important. In this section we will explore the use of the NLP Interchange Format (NIF) to that end. NIF … Related articles All 4 versions

Enriching ‘Senso Comune’ with Semantic Role Sets E Jezek, L Vieu, FM Zanzotto, G Vetere… – Proceedings 10th Joint …, 2014 – sigsem.uvt.nl … them interoperable at a formal level. NLP Interchange Format (NIF) is an RDF/OWL-based format that allows to com- bine and chain several NLP tools in a flexible, light-weight way. The Linguistic Linked Open Data initiative … Cited by 1 Related articles All 3 versions

Interoperability of cross-lingual and cross-document event detection P Vossen, E Laparra, I Aldabe… – Proceedings of the 3rd …, 2015 – adimen.si.ehu.es … NLP modules. Notable exceptions are the NLP Interchange Format (NIF) (Hellmann et al., 2013), which is tightly linked to OLiA, UIMA Clerezza, and the conversion of GrAF to RDF by (Cassidy, 2010). NIF has the disadvan- tage …

A generic formalism to represent linguistic corpora in RDF and OWL/DL. C Chiarcos – LREC, 2012 – lrec-conf.org … In forthcoming versions of POWLA, Terminals may be linked to strings in accordance to the currently developed NLP Interchange Format (NIF).5 The POWLA TBox specifies a number of constraints, for example, that Nonterminal and Terminal are disjoint, hence OWL/DL is … Cited by 7 Related articles All 2 versions

Lessons learned (and questions raised) from an interdisciplinary Machine Translation approach T Heuss – 2013 – w3.org … One hint could be including that knowledge of a language in the SWMT translation process. Therefore, the NLP Interchange Format (NIF)11 looks right in doing this the LOD way. 10 http://blog.aksw.org/2013/two-aksw-pa pers-at-www/ (accessed 2013-02-18). … Related articles All 2 versions

Towards a Linguistic Linked Open Data cloud: The Open Linguistics Working Group. C Chiarcos, S Hellmann, S Nordhoff – TAL, 2011 – Citeseer … The recently created NLP Interchange Format employs URI Fragment identifiers and RDF to represent Natural Language Processing (NLP) analyses of web documents (web annotations) as links to LLOD resources, and thus to integrate this data into the existing Linked Data … Cited by 29 Related articles All 8 versions

Combining linked data and statistical information retrieval R Usbeck – The Semantic Web: Trends and Challenges, 2014 – Springer … Röder, M., Usbeck, R., Gerber, D., Hellmann, S., Both, A.: A collection of datasets for named entity recognition and disambiguation in the nlp interchange format N 3 . In: LREC. European Language Resources Association, ELRA (2014) 28. … Cited by 8 Related articles All 3 versions

3LD: towards high quality, industry-ready linguistic Linked Licensed Data D Vila Suero, V Rodríguez Doncel, A Gómez-Pérez… – 2014 – oa.upm.es … This model has been developed around the principles of being open, RDF-native, minimalist and linguistically sound. Similarly, the NIF (NLP Interchange Format) ontology [6] was developed as a model for representing stand-off annotation of corpora using RDF. …

Reusing existing conceptual structures and lexica for neology charac-terization in the field of Neurosciences: the NeuroNEO project N Maroto – cG IRIT, 2013 – lipn.univ-paris13.fr … It also refers to data published on the Web in such a way that it is machine- readable, its meaning is explicitly defined, it is 4 http://www. neuinfo. org/. Not to be confused with the NLP Interchange Format (also abbreviated as NIF) used in Lin- guistics. 5 http://neurolex. org/wiki 84 … Cited by 1 Related articles All 3 versions

3LD: Towards high quality, industry-ready Linguistic Linked Linguistic Data D Vila-Suero, V Rodríguez-Doncel… – … Data Forum 2014, 2014 – pub.uni-bielefeld.de … This model has been developed around the principles of being open, RDF-native, minimalist and linguistically sound. Similarly, the NIF (NLP Interchange Format) ontology [6] was developed as a model for representing stand-off annotation of corpora using RDF. … Related articles

Language Resources and Linked Data: A Practical Perspective T Flati, C Baron, M Dojchinovski – Knowledge Engineering and …, 2015 – books.google.com … However, in addition to lexica, the representation and publishing as LD of multilingual texts, annotations and corpora is also important. In this section we will explore the use of the NLP Interchange Format (NIF) to that end. NIF … Related articles

UIMA2LOD: Integrating UIMA Text Annotations into the Linked Open Data Cloud C Bretschneider, H Oberkampf, S Zillner – Knowledge Engineering and …, 2015 – Springer … For representation of the linguistic annotations and their relations, we draw on the NLP Interchange Format (NIF) ontology, which was created as core compo- nent in the context of the NIF project [4], [11] We only reuse a subset of classes and properties from the NIF ontology to …

SparkLE: a Distributed Self-Organizing Language Engineering Infrastructure AN Letrud – 2012 – duo.uio.no … Show metadata. Abstract: Key Words: Natural Language Processing (NLP), Software Infrastructure, Language Engineering (LE), Analysis Engines, Distributed Hash Tables (DHT), RESTFul, Service Oriented Architecture (SOA), NLP Interchange Format (NIF). …

Ontologies of Linguistic Annotation: Survey and perspectives. C Chiarcos – LREC, 2012 – researchgate.net … Along with other ontologies, that specify units of analysis (NLP Interchange Format, NIF),3 the OLiA on- tologies represent one fundamental part of this framework: Using RDF as a representation format, and RDF-based wrappers around existing NLP components, linguistic … Cited by 28 Related articles All 5 versions

Building a Linked Open Data cloud of linguistic resources: Motivations and developments C Chiarcos, S Moran, PN Mendes, S Nordhoff… – The People’s Web Meets …, 2013 – Springer … Neither do recent approaches to develop RDF-based NLP pipelines (eg, the NLP Interchange Format NIF [37], cf. Chap. … Through the usage of a small wrapper around the service, it can also produce output in the NLP Interchange Format (NIF). … Cited by 3 Related articles

NLP data cleansing based on linguistic ontology constraints D Kontokostas, M Brümmer, S Hellmann… – The Semantic Web: …, 2014 – Springer Page 1. NLP Data Cleansing Based on Linguistic Ontology Constraints Dimitris Kontokostas1, Martin Brümmer1, Sebastian Hellmann1, Jens Lehmann1, and Lazaros Ioannidis2 1 Universität Leipzig, Institut für Informatik, AKSW … Cited by 6 Related articles All 7 versions

Statistical Analyses of Named Entity Disambiguation Benchmarks. N Steinmetz, M Knuth, H Sack – NLP-DBPEDIA@ ISWC, 2013 – hpi.de … It is provided in a clear TSV format. The Wikilinks Corpus [9] has been introduced recently by Google. The corpus collects hyperlinks to Wikipedia gathered from over 3 million web sites. It has been transformed to RDF using the NLP Interchange Format (NIF) by Hellmann et al. … Cited by 11 Related articles All 7 versions

Interlinking unstructured and structured knowledge in an integrated framework F Corcoglioniti, M Rospocher, R Cattoni… – … (ICSC), 2013 IEEE …, 2013 – ieeexplore.ieee.org … The NLP Interchange Format (NIF) vocabulary12 has been used to define basic mention properties, thus enabling interoperability with tools consuming NIF data; in addition, several specific attributes have been added to store information extracted from 12http://nlp2rdf.org/nif-1 … Cited by 11 Related articles All 7 versions

Anchoring Background Knowledge to Rich Multimedia Contexts in the KnowledgeStore R Cattoni, F Corcoglioniti, C Girardi, B Magnini… – New Trends of Research …, 2013 – Springer … A recent initiative which shares some of the motivations with the KnowledgeStore is the NLP Interchange Format (NIF). 8 NIF is an RDF/OWL-based format that aims at achieving interoperability between NLP tools, language resources and annotations. … Cited by 1 Related articles All 3 versions

GERBIL: General Entity Annotator Benchmarking Framework R Usbeck, M Röder, AC Ngonga Ngomo… – Proceedings of the 24th …, 2015 – dl.acm.org Page 1. GERBIL – General Entity Annotator Benchmarking Framework Ricardo Usbeck? Leipzig University, IFI/AKSW Unister GmbH, Leipzig usbeck@informatik. uni-leipzig.de Michael Röder? Leipzig University, IFI/AKSW Unister GmbH, Leipzig roeder@informatik. … Cited by 11 Related articles All 6 versions

Swip: A Natural Language to SPARQL Interface Implemented with SPARQL C Pradel, O Haemmerlé, N Hernandez – Graph-Based Representation and …, 2014 – Springer Page 1. Swip: A Natural Language to SPARQL Interface Implemented with SPARQL Camille Pradel, Ollivier Haemmerlé, and Nathalie Hernandez IRIT, University of Toulouse, France {Camille.Pradel,Ollivier.Haemmerle,Nathalie.Hernandez}@irit.fr Abstract. … Related articles All 3 versions

A MWE Acquisition and Lexicon Builder Web Service. V Quochi, F Frontini, F Rubino – COLING, 2012 – aclweb.org … Although the NLP Interchange Format (http://nlp2rdf.org/nif-1-0) seems to be a format for corpus data, while our tool outputs a lexicon, in our future work within the LOD framework we will attempt to ensure compatibility with NIF in terms of basic vocabulary and data categories … Cited by 3 Related articles All 5 versions

Incremental and Adaptive Software Systems Development of Natural Language Applications E Lloret, S Escobar, M Palomar, I Ramos – Information System …, 2014 – Springer … Page 4. 514 approach for defining language. Recent efforts have proposed to represent and model the semantics natural language using ontologies [ 15], as well to establish formal mechanisms (eg, NLP Interchange Format) to facilitate the interoperability of NLP tools [ 16]. … Related articles All 3 versions

[PANACEA] Project final report N Bel Rafecas – 2014 – repositori.upf.edu Page 1. FINAL REPORT 1 PROJECT FINAL REPORT Grant Agreement number: 248064 Project acronym: PANACEA Project title: Platform for Automatic, Normalized Annotation and Cost-Effective Acquisition of Language Resources for Human Language Technologies …

Test-driven evaluation of linked data quality D Kontokostas, P Westphal, S Auer… – Proceedings of the 23rd …, 2014 – dl.acm.org Page 1. Test-driven Evaluation of Linked Data Quality Dimitris Kontokostas University of Leipzig kontokostas@informatik.uni-leipzig.de Patrick Westphal University of Leipzig pwestphal@informatik.uni- leipzig.de Sören Auer … Cited by 61 Related articles All 5 versions

Towards topics-based, semantics-assisted news search M Voigt, M Aleythe, P Wehner – … of the 3rd International Conference on …, 2013 – dl.acm.org … With the move towards open data19 research founding should also address such benchmark datasets. The NLP Interchange Format (NIF) ap- proach20 seems to be a step in the right direction. 18http://www.alchemyapi.com/ 19http://5stardata.info/ 20http://nlp2rdf.org/about … Cited by 2 Related articles

Path-Based Semantic Relatedness on Linked Data and Its Use to Word and Entity Disambiguation I Hulpu?, N Prangnawarat, C Hayes – The Semantic Web–ISWC 2015, 2015 – Springer Page 1. Path-Based Semantic Relatedness on Linked Data and Its Use to Word and Entity Disambiguation Ioana Hulpus(B), Narumol Prangnawarat, and Conor Hayes Insight Centre for Data Analytics, National University of …

OLiA–Ontologies of Linguistic Annotation C Chiarcos, M Sukhareva – Semantic Web, 2013 – semantic-web-journal.net … In a similar vein, OLiA can be employed in NLP pipeline systems for tagset-independent, interoperable information processing [1]. In this function, OLiA is part of the NLP Interchange Format (NIF) specifica- tion4 to formalize linguistic annotations in a concep- tually interoperable … Cited by 5 Related articles All 5 versions

Real-time RDF extraction from unstructured data streams D Gerber, S Hellmann, L Bühmann, T Soru… – The Semantic Web– …, 2013 – Springer … Besides converting the extracted facts from the text, we are using the current draft of the NLP Interchange Format (NIF) Core ontology6 to serialize the following information in RDF: the sentence the triple was extracted from, the extraction date of the triple, the link to the source … Cited by 15 Related articles All 7 versions

OLiA–Ontologies of Linguistic Annotation M Windhouwer, S Cassidy, C Chiarcos… – Semantic …, 2015 – content.iospress.com … In a similar vein, OLiA can be employed in NLP pipeline systems for tagset-independent, interoperable information processing [2]. In this function, OLiA is part of the NLP Interchange Format (NIF) specification4 4 to formalize linguistic annotations in a conceptually interoperable …

[BOOK] Artificial Intelligence Research and Development: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference of the Catalan Association for Artificial Intelligence K Gibert, V Botti, R Reig-Bolaño – 2013 – books.google.com … from Data Beatriz Sevilla Villanueva, Karina Gibert and Miquel Sanchez-Marré Natural Language-Based Automatic Qualitative Description of Clusters German Sanchez-Hernandez, Nuria A gell and Juan Carlos A guado The Use of NLP Interchange Format for Question …

Third version (v4) of the integrated platform and documentation M Poch, O Hamon, V Quochi, R Del Gratta, A Toral… – 2014 – repositori.upf.edu Page 1. SEVENTH FRAMEWORK PROGRAMME THEME 3 Information and communication Technologies PANACEA Project Grant Agreement no.: 248064 Platform for Automatic, Normalized Annotation and Cost-Effective Acquisition …

Corporate smart content A Paschke, R Schäfermeier, K Teymourian, A Todor… – 2014 – diss.fu-berlin.de Page 1. Corporate Smart Content Requirements and Use Cases Report I on the sub-project Smart Content Enrichment Technical Report TR-B-14-02 Adrian Paschke, Ralph Schäfermeier, Kia Teymourian, Alexandru Todor and Ahmad Haidar … Cited by 1 Related articles All 6 versions

Expanding The Nif Ecosystem M Brümmer – 2015 – lips.informatik.uni-leipzig.de Page 1. Masterarbeit EXPANDING THE NIF ECOSYSTEM CORPUS CONVERSION, PARSING AND PROCESSING USING THE NLP INTERCHANGE FORMAT 2.0 April 22, 2015 Martin Brümmer bruemmer@informatik.uni-leipzig.de …

[BOOK] The people’s web meets NLP: Collaboratively constructed language resources I Gurevych, J Kim, N Calzolari – 2013 – books.google.com Page 1. Theory and Applications of Natural Language Processing Edited volumes lryna Gurevych Jungi Kim Editors The People’s Web Meets NLP Collaboratively Constructed Language Resources Foreword by Nicoletta Calzolari Page 2. … Cited by 1 Related articles All 3 versions

The Journey is the Reward-Towards New Paradigms in Web Search H Sack – Business Information Systems Workshops, 2015 – Springer … The text annotation can be achieved via the NLP Interchange Format (NIF) 7 and RDFa 8 . For non-textual documents such as images, videos, or audio files, semantic annotation can be achieved by addressing temporal and spatial fragments of the media via URI media …

The Agile Cliché: Using Flexible Stereotypes as Building Blocks in the Construction T Veale – New Trends of Research in Ontologies and Lexical …, 2013 – books.google.com Page 265. Chapter 13 The Agile Cliché: Using Flexible Stereotypes as Building Blocks in the Construction of an Affective Lexicon Tony Veale Abstract Our affective perspective on a word is heavily in?uenced by the context in … Related articles

AGDISTIS-graph-based disambiguation of named entities using linked data R Usbeck, ACN Ngomo, M Röder, D Gerber… – The Semantic Web– …, 2014 – Springer Page 1. AGDISTIS – Graph-Based Disambiguation of Named Entities Using Linked Data Ricardo Usbeck1,2, Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo1, Michael Röder1,2, Daniel Gerber1, Sandro Athaide Coelho3, Sören Auer4, and Andreas Both2 … Cited by 26 Related articles All 4 versions

Multilingual linked open data patterns JEL Gayo, D Kontokostas, S Auer – Semantic Web journal [under review], 2013 – Citeseer Page 1. Undefined 0 (0) 1 1 IOS Press Multilingual Linked Open Data Patterns Jose Emilio Labra Gayo a,?, Dimitris Kontokostasb and Sören Auerb a Department of Computer Science. University of Oviedo, CP. 33007, Oviedo … Cited by 9 Related articles All 3 versions

Ensemble learning for named entity recognition R Speck, ACN Ngomo – The Semantic Web–ISWC 2014, 2014 – Springer Page 1. Ensemble Learning for Named Entity Recognition René Speck and Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo AKSW, Department of Computer Science, University of Leipzig, Germany {speck,ngonga}@informatik.uni-leipzig.de Abstract. … Cited by 12 Related articles All 5 versions

Introduction to linked data and its lifecycle on the web ACN Ngomo, S Auer, J Lehmann, A Zaveri – … . Reasoning on the Web in the …, 2014 – Springer … 1375–1384. Association for Computational Linguistics (2011); Röder, M., Usbeck, R., Hellmann, S., Gerber, D., Both, A.: N3 – a collection of datasets for named entity recognition and disambiguation in the nlp interchange format. … Cited by 4 Related articles All 4 versions

Multilingual Linked Data Patterns JEL Gayo, D Kontokostas… – Semantic Web Journal, 2013 – semantic-web-journal.net Page 1. Semantic Web 0 (0) 1 1 IOS Press Multilingual Linked Data Patterns Editor(s): Sebastian Hellmann, AKSW, University of Leipzig, Germany; Steven Moran, University of Zurich & University of Marburg, Germany; Martin … Cited by 1 Related articles All 2 versions

A Metaontology for Annotating Ontology Entities with Vagueness Descriptions P Alexopoulos, S Peroni, B Villazón-Terrazas… – … Reasoning for the …, 2014 – Springer … The practice of using ontologies for annotating various types of resources with metainformation has been exemplified by many works, including the NLP Interchange Format (NIF) [ 14 ], the Extremely Annotational RDF Markup (EARMARK) [ 4 ], and Annotea [ 17 ] for textual … Related articles All 3 versions

The Multilingual Semantic Web P Buitelaar, KSKS Choi, P Cimiano, E Hovy – 2012 – vesta.informatik.rwth-aachen.de Page 1. Report from Dagstuhl Seminar 12362 The Multilingual Semantic Web Edited by Paul Buitelaar1, Key-Sun Choi2, Philipp Cimiano3, and Eduard H. Hovy4 1 National University of Ireland – Galway, IE, paul.buitelaar@deri … Cited by 2 Related articles All 2 versions

The Multilingual Semantic Web (Dagstuhl Seminar 12362). P Buitelaar, KS Choi, P Cimiano, EH Hovy – Dagstuhl Reports, 2012 – drops.dagstuhl.de Page 1. Report from Dagstuhl Seminar 12362 The Multilingual Semantic Web Edited by Paul Buitelaar1, Key-Sun Choi2, Philipp Cimiano3, and Eduard H. Hovy4 1 National University of Ireland – Galway, IE, paul.buitelaar@deri … Cited by 6 Related articles All 2 versions

Media fragment semantics: the linked data approach Y Li – 2015 – eprints.soton.ac.uk Page 1. University of Southampton Research Repository ePrints Soton Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial …

State of the Art in Cross-Media Analysis, Metadata Publishing, Querying and Recommendations TK Stegmaier, G Miller – 2014 – mico-project.eu Page 1. D2.1.1/D3.1.1/D4.1.1/D5.1.1 State of the Art in Cross-Media Analysis, Metadata Publishing, Querying and Recommendations Grant Agreement No: 610480 Project title: Media in Context Project acronym: MICO Document … Related articles All 2 versions