Loebner Prize

Notes:

The Loebner Prize is an annual competition that is held to evaluate the performance of artificial intelligence (AI) programs in the Turing test. The Turing test is a famous test of a machine’s ability to exhibit intelligent behavior that is indistinguishable from a human. The Loebner Prize is named after its founder, Hugh Loebner, and it is the first and longest-running Turing test competition.

The Loebner Prize was first held in 1991, and it has been held annually ever since. The competition is held in two rounds: the first round is a preliminary contest, in which the AI programs are evaluated by a panel of judges, and the top-scoring programs are selected to compete in the final round. The final round is a public event, in which the selected AI programs are evaluated by a panel of judges, and by members of the public who participate as human confederates.

In the final round of the competition, the AI programs and the human confederates are seated at separate terminals, and they engage in a series of text-based conversations with the judges. The judges are not told which terminal corresponds to a human and which corresponds to a machine, and they are asked to evaluate the responses from each terminal, and to determine which ones are generated by a human and which are generated by a machine.

The goal of the Loebner Prize is to evaluate the performance of AI programs in the Turing test, and to encourage the development of intelligent systems that can exhibit human-like behavior. The competition is widely regarded as a benchmark for AI research, and it has attracted a great deal of attention and participation from researchers, developers, and the general public.

Resources:

Wikipedia:

References:

See also:

AIML Meta Guide

Building safer AGI by introducing artificial stupidity
M Trazzi, RV Yampolskiy – arXiv preprint arXiv:1808.03644, 2018 – arxiv.org
… The Turing Test [1] was designed to replace the philosophi- cal question “Can machines think ?” with a more pragmatic one: “Can digital computers imitate human behaviors in an- swering text questions ?” Since 1990, the Loebner Prize competition awards the AI that has the …

From Eliza to XiaoIce: challenges and opportunities with social chatbots
HY Shum, X He, D Li – Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic …, 2018 – Springer
… Alice won the Loebner Prize (https://en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Loebner_Prize) three times in 2000, 2001, and … Accom- plishment First chitchat bot Passed Turing test Won the Loebner Prize three times Understand natu- ral language re- quests and performing tasks …

Evaluating and informing the design of chatbots
M Jain, P Kumar, R Kota, SN Patel – Proceedings of the 2018 Designing …, 2018 – dl.acm.org
… with a human user. Indeed, naturalness was the most important metric for evaluating chatbots. In 1990, the Loebner Prize was instituted as an annual competition to award the most human-like chatbot. The first chatbot emerged …

Learning from interaction: An intelligent networked-based human-bot and bot-bot chatbot system
JJ Bird, A Ekárt, DR Faria – UK Workshop on Computational Intelligence, 2018 – Springer
… negative messages. The Loebner prize [7] is awarded to a chatbot which can fool a human into thinking they are conversing with another human. This is based on the “Imitation game” proposed by Turing in 1950 [21]. Shawar …

Trusted Communication: Utilizing Speech Communication to Enhance Human-Machine Teaming Success
EL Meszaros, LR Le Vie, BD Allen – 2018 Aviation Technology …, 2018 – arc.aiaa.org
… By running these analyses over data from the 2014 and 2015 Loebner Prize competitions of human/chatbot teaming, numerical scores were obtained that can be associated with scores provided by human judges during the competition …

Sounding board: A user-centric and content-driven social chatbot
H Fang, H Cheng, M Sap, E Clark, A Holtzman… – arXiv preprint arXiv …, 2018 – arxiv.org
… Wal- lace, 2009). The Loebner Prize1 is a Turing test for conversational AI that has challenged researchers since 1990. Recent work has addressed tasks where passing the Turing test is not a concern. Goal- oriented conversational …

Chatbots and New Audience Opportunities for Museums and Heritage Organisations.
S Boiano, A Borda, G Gaia, S Rossi, P Cuomo – EVA, 2018 – researchgate.net
… The Loebner Prize launched in 1990 by Hugh Loebner in conjunction with the Cambridge Center for Behavioural Studies in Massachusetts (US) is an example of a competition expressly designed to implement the Turing Test and builds on both the progressive interest and …

Multi-agent communication system with chatbots
Z Memon, AH Jalbani, M Shaikh… – … Research Journal of …, 2018 – search.informit.com.au
… In 1990 the Loebner prize a competition that judge’s chatbots based on their human likeness was launched … conversation rules. It was one of the strongest programs of its type and won the Loebner Prize however the program was unable to pass the Turing test …

Did I Say Something Wrong?: Towards a Safe Collaborative Chatbot
M Chkroun, A Azaria – Thirty-Second AAAI Conference on Artificial …, 2018 – aaai.org
… An annual contest, Loebner prize (Mauldin 1994), intends to determine which is most human like chat- bot (a Turing-like test), and which chatbot can hold the most interesting conversations … Chatterbots, tinymuds, and the tur- ing test: Entering the loebner prize competition …

Toward truly personal chatbots: on the development of custom conversational assistants
F Daniel, M Matera, V Zaccaria, A Dell’Orto – Proceedings of the 1st …, 2018 – dl.acm.org
… Notable examples are the Duolingo bot4 that provides conversational access to language learning resources, Cle- verbot5, an AI-powered bot for generic conversations, and Mitsuku6, the three-times winner of the Loebner Prize awarded to the winner of a Turing test …

NADiA: Neural Network Driven Virtual Human Conversation Agents
J Wu, S Ghosh, M Chollet, S Ly, S Mozgai… – Proceedings of the 18th …, 2018 – dl.acm.org
… Animation. ACM, 25–35. 22. Michael L. Mauldin. 1994. Chatterbots, Tinymuds, and the Turing Test Entering the Loebner Prize Competition. In Proceedings of the Twelfth AAAI National Conference on Artificial Intelligence. 16–21. 23 …

NIPS Conversational Intelligence Challenge 2017 Winner System: Skill-based Conversational Agent with Supervised Dialog Manager
I Yusupov, Y Kuratov – Proceedings of the 27th International Conference …, 2018 – aclweb.org
… A competition of open-domain dialogue systems is one way to organize a large-scale evaluation by humans. There are some competitions in the field such as Loebner Prize annual competition (Mauldin, 1994) and Alexa Prize Competition (Ram et al., 2018) …

A Chatbot Based On AIML Rules Extracted From Twitter Dialogues.
H Yamaguchi, M Mozgovoy… – FedCSIS …, 2018 – web-ext.u-aizu.ac.jp
… Intelligence Markup Language). AIML is a simple XML-based markup language that gained popularity after being used in the successful dialogue system ALICE [4] that won the Loebner Prize three times. The main drawback …

Deep neural networks based on gating mechanism for open-domain question answering
CA Mayhua Tijera – 2018 – 54.213.100.250
… It was a very rudimentary model to answer questions, but it generated a series of chatbots that participated in the annual Loebner Prize1 … http://www.aisb.org.uk/events/loebner-prize 2TREC is a series of workshops dedicated to a list of different IR research areas …

How do Humans Interact with Chatbots?: An Analysis of Transcripts
M Park, M Aiken, L Salvador – INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF …, 2018 – rajpub.com
… Mitsuku (http://www.square-bear.co.uk/mitsuku/chat.htm). Mitsuku is perhaps the best chatbot available online (most adept at emulating a human conversation) as it achieved first place in the 2018 competition for the Loebner Prize, the fourth time it has done so [26, 30] …

Intelligent Chatbot for Trademark Infringement Queries
SCC Lina – ielab.ie.nthu.edu.tw
… at hand. Hugh G. Loebner in 1990 sets up artificial intelligence annual contest which called the Loebner prize. The establishment … in 1995. Furthermore, ALICE has won the Loebner prize in 2000, 2001 and 2004. Currently, ALICE …

The detection and handling of verbal irony in human-computer interaction: a comparison between four chatbots
IJM Weerts – 2018 – dspace.library.uu.nl
… Although dialog systems have become more sophisticated since, none have been able to pass as human in the Loebner Prize competition … The examined AI-techniques are based on techniques used by Loebner prize winners that are available online …

Graphical Interface Design for Chatbots for the Needs of Artificial Intelligence Support in Web and Mobile Applications
M Modrzejewski, P Rokita – … Conference on Computer Vision and Graphics, 2018 – Springer
… constantly. The Loebner’s Prize [3] is an annual competition for chatbots creation … AI. The Loebner’s Prize has been a motor for the development of NLP, with specific tools like AIML [4] and ChatScript [5, 6] evolving along the way …

Critical Analysis of Conversational Agent Technology for Intelligent Customer Support and Proposition of a New Solution
M Modrzejewski, P Rokita – … Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Soft …, 2018 – Springer
This paper proposes and describes an application of modern, Loebner’s Prize-winning conversational agent technologies in the context of intelligent aid for customer service. The paper defines the …

Safebot: A Safe Collaborative Chatbot
M Chkroun, A Azaria – Workshops at the Thirty-Second AAAI Conference …, 2018 – aaai.org
… An annual con- test, Loebner prize (Mauldin 1994), intends to determine which is most human like chatbot (a Turing-like test), and which chatbot can hold the most interesting conversations … Chatterbots, tinymuds, and the tur- ing test: Entering the loebner prize competition …

The Chatbot
M Facchini Amondarain – 2018 – upcommons.upc.edu
… Loebner Prize: an annual competition in artificial intelligence that awards prizes to the computer programs considered by the judges to be the most human-like … Perhaps all of the bots which participate in Loebner’s prize and similar competitions can be included in this group …

Chatbot Technology And Human Deception
FO Adibe, EC Nwokorie, JN Odii – ISSN 1119-961 X – futospace.futo.edu.ng
… organization of written language. In 1995, Richard Wallace created the chatbot ALICE (Artificial Linguistic Internet Computer Entity), which achieved much success and won the Loebner prize three times. ALICE used a special …

Developing a Corporate Chatbot for a Customer Engagement Program: A Roadmap
F Castro, P Tedesco, H Alves, JP Quintino… – … on Intelligent Computing, 2018 – Springer
… With the appearance of the Loebner Prize, chatbots began to be compared with respect to techniques and performance [3]. In fact, the Loebner Prize has been one of the main incentives for the use and development of chatbots …

Student Evaluations of a (Rude) Spoken Dialogue System Insights from an Experimental Study
R Jucks, GA Linnemann… – Advances in Human …, 2018 – hindawi.com
… person-centered tradition [5]. How chatbots can be made more human-like is still a very active field of development, for example, by evaluating the conditions of uncanny valley reactions in animated and text-based bots (eg, [6]). Since 1990, the Loebner Prize has been held as …

Exploring users perception of chatbots in a bank environment-A critical view on chatbots and how to design for a positive user experience
O Hansson – 2018 – muep.mau.se
… Dale, 2016). In 1991 a prize called the Loebner prize was installed, which annually awards the chatbot that is deemed most human through the use of the Turing test, the most recent one being Mitsuku (Mitsuku, 2018). Today …

Socially-Sensitive Technologies for HRI: Challenges and Perspectives
E André – Proc. FAIM/ISCA Workshop on Artificial Intelligence for … – isca-speech.org
… about the weather. In the ideal case, the agent’s conversational skills would be indis- tinguishable from those of a human user. Meeting this chal- lenge is the objective of the Loebner Prize competition (that has been referred …

Applications of Sequence to Sequence Models for Technical Support Automation
G Aalipour, P Kumar, S Aditham… – … Conference on Big …, 2018 – ieeexplore.ieee.org
… These bots, while in their learning phase, respond with multiple answers to a question and gather feedback from customer to be able to learn and get accurate over time. Some popular QnA bots are: Erica [1] by Bank of America, Alice [2] that won the Loebner Prize …

Toward Truly Personal Chatbots
F Daniel, M Matera, V Zaccaria, A Dell’Orto – 2018 – floriandaniel.it
… Notable examples are the Duolingo bot4 that provides conversational access to language learning resources, Cle- verbot5, an AI-powered bot for generic conversations, and Mitsuku6, the three-times winner of the Loebner Prize awarded to the winner of a Turing test …

Domain Specific Conversational Intelligent Agents: Natural Language Processing in Real World Applications
MC Calpur, MU Tatlidede, I Cataloglu – ceur-ws.org
… Page 3. 1 Introduction The imitation of human intuition for language understanding is the motivation behind NLP studies in the industry and academia. Each year new iterations of conversational artificial intelligence agents are entering the Loebner Prize competition …

Analysis Of The Chatbot Open Source Languages Aiml And Chatscript: A Review
S Arsovski, AD Cheok, M Idris, MRBA Raffur – researchgate.net
… ChatScript – launched in 2011 as a language for the new generation of chat-bots. ChatSript engine won a Loebner Prize four times. It provides an open source C++ framework for developing, building and employing chat-bots …

Adapting a Conversational Text Generator for Online Chatbot Messaging
LC Klopfenstein, S Delpriori, A Ricci – International Conference on Internet …, 2018 – Springer
… ALICE is one of the noteworthy systems developed with this aim: a chatbot based on the AIML language and capable of responding based on pattern matching, which allowed it to achieve the Loebner prize multiple times [24] …

Open-domain neural conversational agents: The step towards artificial general intelligence
S Arsovski, S Wong, AD Cheok – International Journal of …, 2018 – openaccess.city.ac.uk
… agents research. Alicebot uses heuristical pattern matching rules to understand questions and make reply to the human’s input. Winning the Loebner Prize, for Alicebot was a great success at its time of launch. However, due …

Motivating a linguistically orientated model for a conversational software agent
K Panesar – 2018 – ray.yorksj.ac.uk
… Human discourse ? AI-Hard problem ? Positive – Customer outcomes and experience ? Negative – Chatbot bubble (Wallace 2018) – Loebner prize ? Search for: if it behaves intelligently, it is intelligent. Page 6. 5 The need for more intelligence Chatbots – single turn …

The sex robots are here
L Frank – 2018 – science.sciencemag.org
… After discussing the Turing test, “ELIZA” (the first conversational natural language processing program), and the Loebner Prize (an award given for programs that can fool humans into thinking they are interacting with another human), Devlin comes to a second major theme: that …

Building advanced dialogue managers for goal-oriented dialogue systems
V Ilievski – arXiv preprint arXiv:1806.00780, 2018 – arxiv.org
… To increase the hype, the Loebner prize [Epstein, 1992] is a competition for text- based Dialogue Systems inspired by the Turing’s imitation game. The aim is to stimulate and motivate the creation of truly intelligent conversational machines …

Deep Learning for Chatbots
VA Bhagwat – 2018 – scholarworks.sjsu.edu
… developed in 1995 by Dr. Richard Wallace. It is inspired by ELIZA and won the Loebner prize in January 2000 [12] … The Program B led ALICE to win the Loebner prize in 2000. Program C was launched after Jacco Bikker created Page 18. DEEP LEARNING FOR CHATBOTS 17 …

Introduction to chatbots
R Khan, A Das – Build Better Chatbots, 2018 – Springer
… 1995 and was inspired by Eliza. Although it failed to pass the Turing test, ALICE remained one of the strongest of its kind and was awarded the Loebner Prize, an annual competition of AI, three times. Note. A Turing test is a test …

Arabic Chatbots: A Survey
S AlHumoud, A Al Wazrah… – INTERNATIONAL …, 2018 – researchgate.net
… www.ijacsa.thesai.org chatbot and won the Loebner Prize in 2000, 2001 and 2004 … Suzette (written in ChatScript) won the 2010 Loebner Prize. On the other hand, there is a common technique to build a generative-based model chatbot using a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) …

Extending a conventional chatbot knowledge base to external knowledge source and introducing user based sessions for diabetes education
S Hussain, G Athula – 2018 32nd International Conference on …, 2018 – ieeexplore.ieee.org
… It has won the Loebner Prize, awarded to accomplished humanoid, talking robots, three times (in 2000, 2001 and 2004) [5]. ALICE is built using Artificial Intelligence Mark-up Language (AIML), developed over the past 10 years [6] …

Conversational Agents in Distance Education: Comparing Mood States with Students’ Perception
AL Krassmann, FJ Paz, C Silveira, LMR Tarouco… – Creative Education, 2018 – scirp.org
… dissemination of the Artificial Intelligence Markup Language (AIML) (Wallace, 1995) . It won the Loebner Prize (Turing test) in 2000, 2001 and 2004. Among the Conversational Agents with educational purposes developed with …

Empowering Chatbots With Business Intelligence By Big Data Integration
S Reshmi, K Balakrishnan – International Journal of Advanced …, 2018 – researchgate.net
… 9], developed by Dr. Richard Wallace. It has its own markup language called AIML (Artificial Intelligence Markup Language), and earned the Loebner Prize in 2000 and 2001. ALICE applies heuristic pattern matching algorithm …

Enhancing Inquisitiveness of Chatbots Through NER Integration
S Reshmi, K Balakrishnan – 2018 International Conference on …, 2018 – ieeexplore.ieee.org
… Dr. Richard Wallace developed a natural language processing chatbot named ALICE (Artificial Linguistic Internet Computer Entity) and earned the Loebner Prize in 2000 and 2001 [8]. Wallace introduced a markup language called AIML (Artificial Intelligence Markup Language …

Colloquial Associate Chatterjee: An Arena for Chitta Elucidation
AA Deshmukh, R Prasad – 2018 Global Wireless Summit (GWS), 2018 – ieeexplore.ieee.org
… Another example used in this field is ALICE, the chatbot engine we used in our research, which was built basically to entertain users and talk to them as a real person. ALICE won the Loebner prize (2003) competition three times in 2000, 2001, and 2004 …

Industrial Virtual Assistants: Challenges and Opportunities
B Schmidt, R Borrison, A Cohen, M Dix… – Proceedings of the …, 2018 – dl.acm.org
… The conversational agent is a natural language interaction interface designed to simulate conversation with a real person [15] inspired by the design of Eliza [19] and other systems developed in the context of the Loebner prize for the Turing Test [12] …

Nsmav-Bot: Intelligent Dual Language Tutor System
S Mohapatra, N Shukla, S Jain… – … Control and Automation …, 2018 – ieeexplore.ieee.org
… It also used a AIML based tutoring technique made famous by ALICE which won the Loebner Prize for being “the most human computer”. III. FRAMEWORK AND NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING We are using the Microsoft Bot Framework for botdevelopment …

Towards a grounded dialog model for explainable artificial intelligence
P Madumal, T Miller, F Vetere, L Sonenberg – arXiv preprint arXiv …, 2018 – arxiv.org
… Data source is 2016 Loebner Prize [3] judge transcripts … https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642- 15951-0, http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-642-15951-0 3. Bradeško, L., Mladenic, D.: A Survey of Chabot Systems through a Loebner Prize Competition …

Build Better Chatbots
R Khan, A Das – A complete guide to getting started with chatbots, 2018 – Springer
… ALICE, or simply Alicebot, was originally developed by Richard Wallace in 1995 and was inspired by Eliza. Although it failed to pass the Turing test, ALICE remained one of the strongest of its kind and was awarded the Loebner Prize, an annual competition of AI, three times …

Why Artificial Intelligence Will Not Outsmart Complex Knowledge Work
L Pettersen – Work, Employment and Society, 2018 – journals.sagepub.com
The potential role of artificial intelligence in improving organisations’ performance and productivity has been promoted regularly and vociferously since the 19…

Classification Technique of Interviewer-Bot Result using Naïve Bayes and Phrase Reinforcement Algorithms.
M Sarosa, M Junus, MU Hoesny… – … Journal of Emerging …, 2018 – search.ebscohost.com
… Aside of the basic ones, it could be used at the same time by multiple sites, serves 24/7 in different time zones, and has multiple knowledge domains. MOOC-bot evaluation conducted based on the competition questions from Chatterbox Challenge (CBC) and Loebner Prize …

A Talker Ensemble: The University of Wroclaw’s Entry to the NIPS 2017 Conversational Intelligence Challenge
J Chorowski, A Lancucki, S Malik… – The NIPS’17 …, 2018 – Springer
… To pass the test, the agent has to deceive a human judge into thinking they talk to another person. Throughout the years, the test evolved into various competitions, the oldest and one of the most notable of them being the Loebner Prize, 1 introduced in 1991 …

Computer Science: Reflection and Future
RK Shyamasundar – Proceedings of the Indian National Science …, 2018 – insajournal.in
… Few people characterize the computers as intelligent. You can interview Chatter Bots on the Internet (http:// chatbotsmagazine.com/how-to-win-a-turning-test- the-loebner-prize-3ac2752250f1) and judge for yourself. I think they are still a long way from passing the Turing Test …

Chat-Bot for Banking Industry
M Singh, A Pandey, R Singh, P Kasture – IC-CSOD-2018 Conference … – academia.edu
… Güzeldere, Güven; Franchi, Stefano (1995-07-24),” Constructions of the Mind”, Stanford HumanitiesReview, SEHR, Stanford University, 2008-03-05 [7] Mauldin, Michael (1994),” ChatterBots, TinyMuds, and the Turing Test: Entering the Loebner Prize Competition”, Proceedings …

Deep Semantic Learning for Conversational Agents
M Morisio, M Mensio – 2018 – webthesis.biblio.polito.it
Page 1. POLITECNICO DI TORINO Master of Science in Computer Engineering Master’s Thesis Deep Semantic Learning for Conversational Agents Supervisor Prof. Maurizio Morisio Candidate Martino Mensio Tutor Istituto Superiore Mario Boella Dr. Giuseppe Rizzo April 2018 …

The Role of Chatbots in Formal Education
G Molnár, Z Szüts – 2018 IEEE 16th International Symposium on …, 2018 – ieeexplore.ieee.org
… REFERENCES [1] Mauldin, Michael L.,” CHATTERBOTS, TINYMUDS, and the Turing Test: Entering the Loebner Prize Competition.” Proceedings of the 12th National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (Seattle, WA, USA, July 31 – August 4, 1994), Vol. 1. p. 16–21 …

Tartan: A retrieval-based socialbot powered by a dynamic finite-state machine architecture
G Larionov, Z Kaden, HV Dureddy… – arXiv preprint arXiv …, 2018 – arxiv.org
… simulated natural conversation. It’s successors include the more recent ALICE [Shawar and Atwell, 2002] system as well as various systems built for the Loebner Prize competitions [Bradeško and Mladenic, 2012]. In the past …

Conversing with machines: Affective affinities with vocal bodies
H Lammin – Transformations: Journal of Media, Culture & …, 2018 – gala.gre.ac.uk
… The Loebner Prize, a Turing test competition which has been running annually since 1991 (Society for the Study of Artificial Intelligence and Simulated Behaviour), is widely reported in popular technology press and so is likely to influence public perception of AI …

Virtual Reality Training System For Improving Interview Performance
IC St?nic?, MI Dasc?lu, A Moldoveanu… – … and Software for …, 2018 – search.proquest.com
… An innovative solution based on virtual reality to treat phobia, International Journal of Interactive worlds, Ibima Publishing [12] Mauldin, M., 1994. ChatterBots, TinyMuds, and the Turing Test: Entering the Loebner Prize Competition, Proc. Artificial Intelligence 1994, AAAI Press …

A ladder to human-comparable intelligence: an empirical metric
M Šprogar – Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial …, 2018 – Taylor & Francis
… This is for several reasons, the main one being that the true Turing indistinguishability is a ridiculously difficult task. Consequently, the only competitors to apply, for example, to the Loebner Prize,3 are weak chatbots which intend to deceive the human judge …

External Memory Enhanced Sequence-to-Sequence Dialogue Systems
J Verdegaal – 2018 – pdfs.semanticscholar.org
… A natural conversing digital system has long been the holy grail in AI, encouraged by the Turing Test [36] and the Loebner prize 1. Although the test was initially proposed as an indication of intelligence, the superficial challenge of creating a naturally conversing system has …

The 14th International Scientific Conference eLearning and Software for Education Bucharest, April 19-20, 2018
IC ST?NIC?, MI DASC?LU, A MOLDOVEANU… – ceeol.com
… An innovative solution based on virtual reality to treat phobia, International Journal of Interactive worlds, Ibima Publishing [12] Mauldin, M., 1994. ChatterBots, TinyMuds, and the Turing Test: Entering the Loebner Prize Competition, Proc. Artificial Intelligence 1994, AAAI Press …

Chatbot as a new business communication tool: The case of naver talktalk
M Heo, KJ Lee – Business Communication Research and Practice, 2018 – e-bcrp.org
… References. 1. Mauldin, ML (1994). ChatterBots, TinyMuds, and the Turing Test: Entering the Loebner Prize Competition. Proceedings of the Eleventh National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (pp. 16-21). Palo Alto, CA: AAAI Press. 2. Heo, M., & Lee, K. (2017) …

A framework for developing a conversational agent to improve normal age-associated memory loss and increase subjective wellbeing
C Curry – 2018 – e-space.mmu.ac.uk
Page 1. Curry, Collette (2018)A framework for developing a conversational agent to improve normal age- associated memory loss and increase subjective well- being. Doctoral thesis (PhD), Manchester Metropolitan University …

Humans, Transhumans and Humanoids
DJ Doyle – What Does it Mean to be Human? Life, Death …, 2018 – Springer
This chapter introduces the reader to the field of transhumanism and some of the most important philosophers contributing to this recent movement. Related philosophical issues such as moral standing…

Chatbot Theory
FS Marcondes, JJ Almeida, P Novais – International Conference on …, 2018 – Springer
… Two historical representative chatbots are ELIZA and Mark v Shaney (MARK). They are said to be representative since ELIZA inspired approaches are currently being used in top of hedge chatbots as MITSUKU, the 2017 Loebner Prize winner …

Can Heritage Bots Thrive? Toward Future Engagement in Cultural Heritage
A Tzouganatou – Advances in Archaeological Practice, 2018 – cambridge.org
… 13–22. Springer, Dordrecht, the Netherlands. Mauldin, Michael Loren 1994 ChatterBots, TinyMuds, and the Turing Test Entering the Loebner Prize Competition. In Proceedings of the Twelfth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence …

Getting Ready for the Next Step: Merging Information Ethics and Roboethics—A Project in the Context of Marketing Ethics
S Lumbreras – Information, 2018 – mdpi.com
… There are annual competitions in which the creations of the programmers are beaten, like the ChatterBox Challenge [23], the Loebner prize (in which there are several levels, the highest of which includes the artificial generation of an interlocutor in 3D indistinguishable from a …

Immersion level and bot player identification in a multiplayer online game: The World of Warships case study
P ?upkowski, V Krajewska – Czasopismo ludologiczne Polskiego Towarzystwa … – ptbg.org.pl
… Logic and Logical Philosophy, 20 (1–2), 139–158. Page 171. 171 Pawe? ?upkowski, Violetta Krajewska| Immersion level and bot player identification in a multiplayer… Mauldin, ML (1994), Chatterbots, TinyMuds, and the Turing test: Entering the Loebner Prize Competition …

CABots and other neural agents
C Huyck, I Mitchell – Frontiers in neurorobotics, 2018 – frontiersin.org
The best way to develop a Turing test passing AI is to follow the human model: an embodied agent that functions over a wide range of domains, is a human cognitive model, follows human neural functioning and learns. These properties will endow the agent with the deep semantics …

The first conversational intelligence challenge
M Burtsev, V Logacheva, V Malykh, IV Serban… – The NIPS’17 …, 2018 – Springer
… The closest analogue of the competition is the Amazon Alexa Prize competition. 1 This competition aimed at building a socialbot that can converse coherently and engagingly with humans on popular topics. Another small-scale analogue is Loebner Prize …

Integrating a chatbot with a GIS-MCDM system
BSFAJ Frei – 2018 – unigis.sbg.ac.at
… Up to this day chatbots “are an effective means to counteract the barriers for young adults requiring professional treatment and advice relating to mental health illnesses” (Elmasri and Maeder 2016). ALICE is a three-time Loebner Prize winner, an annual Turing Test …

VR Job Interview Simulator: Where Virtual Reality Meets Artificial Intelligence for Education
I Stanica, MI Dascalu, CN Bodea… – 2018 Zooming …, 2018 – ieeexplore.ieee.org
… J. Human-Computer Studies, 71, pp. 978–987, 2013. [17] M. Mauldin, “ChatterBots, TinyMuds, and the Turing Test: Entering the Loebner Prize Competition”, Proceedings of the Eleventh National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI Press, 1994 …

Explaining language: A behavioral critique of Skinner’s analysis of verbal behavior.
JN Meindl, ND Miller, JW Ivy – Archives of Scientific Psychology, 2018 – psycnet.apa.org
… behavior. Mitsuku Chatbot (Worswick, 2017) is a virtual artificial intelligence companion and a three-time winner of the Loebner Prize (a Turing Test) in 2013, 2016, 2017 as being the most human-like artificial intelligence. Mitsuku …

Configuring a quotation through a conversational agent
F Gundersen – 2018 – theseus.fi
Page 1. Fredrik Gundersen Configuring a quotation through a conversa- tional agent Metropolia University of Applied Sciences Bachelor of engineering (AMK) Media Technology Engineering thesis 5.3.2018 Page 2. Abstract Author Title Number of Pages Date …

The RLLChatbot: a solution to the ConvAI challenge
N Gontier, K Sinha, P Henderson, I Serban… – arXiv preprint arXiv …, 2018 – arxiv.org
… This is the first program to rely on the XML schema called Artificial Intelligence Markup Language (AIML) (Wallace, 2009). This makes ALICE a strong and flexible agent and allowed it to win the Loebner Prize three times in 2000, 2001, and 2004 …

Computers and populism: artificial intelligence, jobs, and politics in the near term
F Levy – Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 2018 – academic.oup.com
Abstract. I project the near-term future of work to ask whether job losses induced by artificial intelligence will increase the appeal of populist politics. Th.

Look before you leap: A take on customer support agents’ pre-implementation attitudes on chatbots
N Wasankhasit, E Nilsson – 2018 – lup.lub.lu.se
… ELIZA: Tell me more about your family. One of the most famous modern chatbots, and a winner of Loebner Prize competition year 2000, 2001, and 2004 (Hettige & Karunananda, 2015; Reshmi & Balakrishnan, 2016; Shawar & Atwell, 2007a), is the open-source chatbot ALICE …

A minimal turing test
JP McCoy, TD Ullman – Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2018 – Elsevier
Skip to main content Skip to article …

Utterances classifier for chatbots’ intents
A Joigneau – 2018 – diva-portal.org
… It applies heuristical pattern matching rules to the human’s input. It is one of the strongest programs of its type and has won three times the Loebner Prize Competition in Artificial Intelligence, which rewards the most human-like bot …

Chatbot integration within Sitecore Experience Platform
G Albertengo, R Di Vittorio – webthesis.biblio.polito.it
Page 1. POLITECNICO DI TORINO Corso di Laurea in Computer Engineering Tesi di Laurea Magistrale Chatbot integration within Sitecore Experience Platform Relatore: prof. Guido Albertengo Riccardo Di Vittorio matricola: 231694 Supervisore Aziendale Luigi De Martino …

The AI delusion
G Smith – 2018 – books.google.com
Page 1. Page 2. The AI Delusion Page 3. “Data professionals and consumers can benefit from Smith’s entertaining and accessible demonstration that more computing power and more data do not imply more intelligence. We need to have more confidence in our human intellect …

Different recipient designs with dialogue partners: An experimental comparison between a Chatbot and a Human communication partner
A Westin – 2018 – diva-portal.org
… Most importantly lines can be chosen to only be spoken once by the Chatbot. Chatscript has also won the Loebner prize four times, which is a competition that awards computer programs considered by judges to be the most human-like (Wilcox 2015) …

Future of Education and Skills 2030: Conceptual Learning Framework
M TAGUMA, M Senior Analyst, E FERON… – 2018 – oecd.org
Page 1. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development EDU/EDPC(2018)45/ANN2 For Official Use English text only 24 October 2018 DIRECTORATE FOR EDUCATION AND SKILLS EDUCATION POLICY COMMITTEE EDUCATION POLICY COMMITTEE …

Trust in chatbots for customer service–findings from a questionnaire study
CB Nordheim – 2018 – duo.uio.no
… 6 a human and a chatbot (Turing, 1950). This test is implemented yearly at the Loebner prize, where the chatbot appearing most humanlike win. To date, no computer program has managed to convince the judges at the Loebner prize that they were human, not a robot …

Survey of Textbased Chatbot in Perspective of Recent Technologies
B Borah, D Pathak, P Sarmah, B Som… – … , and Business Analytics, 2018 – Springer
… IGI Global (2011)Google Scholar. 5. Mauldin, ML: Chatterbots, tinymuds, and the turing test: entering the loebner prize competition. In: AAAI, vol. 94, pp. 16–21 (1994)Google Scholar. 6. McTear, MF: Spoken Dialogue Technology: Toward the Conversational User Interface …

Interactive bot to support the use of the UPTEC intranet
JF Oliveira – 2018 – repositorio-aberto.up.pt
Page 1. FACULTY OF ENGINEERING OF UNIVERSITY OF PORTO Interactive bot to support the use of the UPTEC intranet João Fernando Oliveira e Silva Master in Informatics and Computing Engineering Supervisor: Henrique Lopes Cardoso June 10, 2018 Page 2 …

Conversational Modelling for Chatbots: Current Approaches and Future Directions
M McTear – … of the 29th Conference on Electronic …, 2018 – spokenlanguagetechnology.com
… aiming at psycholinguistic reality. Nor do they need to try to fool users into thinking that they are conversing with another human being, as in the so-called Tu- ring test and competitions like the Loebner Prize. Rather the aim …

Against Our Better Judgment: Practical Wisdom in an Age of Smart (er) Machines
LP Thiele – The Political Economy of Robots, 2018 – Springer
… Each year, beginning in 1990, Turing’s thought experiment has been put into practice in a competition to determine which of the competing “chatterbots” is most life-like. The Loebner Prize, a few thousand dollars, is awarded to the winner …

Exploring Ontologies to Improve the Empathy of Interactive Bots
AV Justo, JC dos Reis, I Calado… – 2018 IEEE 27th …, 2018 – ieeexplore.ieee.org
… 34, no. 4, pp. 575–583, 2010. [8] L. Bradeko and D. Mladeni, A survey of chatbot systems through a loebner prize competition. Proceedings of Slovenian Language Technologies Society Eighth Conference of Language Technologies, 2012 …

Improving Dialog Systems Using Knowledge Graph Embeddings
B Carignan – 2018 – curve.carleton.ca
… 6 2.1.3 Loebner Prize … random guessing. 2.1.3 Loebner Prize The Loebner Prize is an annual competition, inspired by the Turing Test, to find a chatbot which cannot be distinguished from a human. However, only the bronze …

Chatbots in education: A passing trend or a valuable pedagogical tool?
S Roos – 2018 – diva-portal.org
… As a way of furthering the development of intelligent machines Hugh Loebner came up with a limited version of the Turing test in 1990, called the Loebner Prize Competition. This is considered the first formal instantiation of a Turing test and it is carried out annually …

The Ethical and Legal Challenges of Artificial Intelligence: The EU response to biased and discriminatory AI
A Siapka – Available at SSRN 3408773, 2018 – papers.ssrn.com
PANTEION UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL SCIENCES

Robots and Artificial Intelligence. New challenges of journalism.
I Salazar – Doxa Comunicación, 2018 – doxacomunicacion.es
… Many have been the ones who, since then, have tried that their computer programs surpass the ‘Turing Test’. In 1990 the contest Loebner Prize was created in which they tried to surpass it. This was not possible until 2010 when the robot Suzette, property of Bruce Wilcox, got it …

An attitude towards an artificial soul? Responses to the “Nazi Chatbot”
O Beran – Philosophical Investigations, 2018 – Wiley Online Library
… In this sense, it does not crack a joke at all. When I participated some time ago in a kind of Loebner Prize?like experiment, the level of sophistication of the chatbots involved was such that I felt it really difficult to identify them …

Turned On: Science, Sex and Robots
K Devlin – 2018 – books.google.com
Page 1. | | | | | W || || N TURNIED) ON SCIENCE, SE) |N| RIB|IS Page 2. TURNED ON Page 3. Also available in the Bloomsbury Sigma series: Spirals in Time by Helen Scales Chilled by Tom Jackson A is for Arsenic by Kathryn …

An overview of artificial intelligence based chatbots and an example chatbot application
N Albayrak, A Özdemir, E Zeydan – 2018 26th Signal …, 2018 – ieeexplore.ieee.org
… 23–65, Springer, 2009. [3] L. Bradeško and D. Mladenic, “A survey of chatbot systems through a loebner prize competition,” in Proceedings of Slovenian Language Tech- nologies Society Eighth Conference of Language Technologies, pp. 34– 37, 2012 …

Robots and AI: The Challenge to Interdisciplinary Theology
E Green – 2018 – tspace.library.utoronto.ca
… aspect of current AI discourse. The Turing Test features in the annual contest for the Loebner Prize, in which research … and which are machine.42 As of early 2018, no AI has claimed the Loebner Prize by convincing more judges than …

Review of Computerized Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Based on Culture Centered Design for Substance Abuse in Malaysia
ZAM Drus, D Singh, MR Mokhtar… – Asia-Pacific Journal of …, 2018 – ejournals.ukm.my
… In 2017 6th International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Informatics. IEEE, : 1–6. Mauldin, ML, 1994. ChatterBots, TinyMuds, and the Turing Test: Entering the Loebner Prize Competition. Aaai, : 16–21. McLellana, AT et al., 2008 …

Design and development of Rexy: a virtual teaching assistant for on-site and online courses
M PARENTI – 2018 – politesi.polimi.it
… current interest in this technology is rooted in previous work on natural language user interfaces [30]. Dale highlights the impact of the Loebner Prize, which has taken the form of an annual contest designed to implement the Turing Test. It …

The Decline of Juridical Humanism
T Pietrzykowski – Personhood Beyond Humanism, 2018 – Springer
Central to juridical humanism is the perception of the human being as an entity elevated above the rest of nature, including animals, from which they are separated by a metaphysical abyss resulting…

Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Humans
J Anderson, L Rainie, A Luchsinger – Pew Research Center, December, 2018 – elon.edu
… Robert Epstein, senior research psychologist at the American Institute for Behavioral Research and Technology and the founding director of the Loebner Prize, a competition in artificial intelligence, said, “By 2030, it is likely that AIs will have achieved a type of sentience, even if …

An Analysis of the Utility of Machine Learning in Predicting Outcomes of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
N Nafea – 2018 – escholarship.org
Page 1. UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title An Analysis of the Utility of Machine Learning in Predicting Outcomes of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2wt3m971 Author Nafea, Niaz …

Automatic Conversation Review for Intelligent Virtual Assistants
IR Beaver – 2018 – digitalrepository.unm.edu
Page 1. University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository Computer Science ETDs Engineering ETDs Spring 5-8-2018 Automatic Conversation Review for Intelligent Virtual Assistants Ian R. Beaver University of New Mexico …

Engineering and user experience of chatbots in the context of damage recording for insurance companies
J Götzer – 2018 – elib.uni-stuttgart.de
Page 1. Institute of Software Technology University of Stuttgart Universitätsstraße 38 D–70569 Stuttgart Bachelorarbeit Engineering and User Experience of Chatbots in the Context of Damage Recording for Insurance Companies Joscha Götzer Course of Study: Softwaretechnik …

Why and how to use virtual reality to study human social interaction: The challenges of exploring a new research landscape
X Pan, AFC Hamilton – British Journal of Psychology, 2018 – Wiley Online Library
Skip to Main Content …

Developing a Chatbot for Customer Service to Metropolia UAS Student Affairs Office
S Merisalo – 2018 – theseus.fi
… general purpose. Chatbots have even competitions: they focus on Turing test, but there are also some more specific like Loebner Prize and The Chatterbox Challenge. [11] The leap from those old chatterboxes to modern chatbots is huge by the outside: they …

Quantifying Chatbot Performance by using Data Analytics
CM Jongerius – 2018 – dspace.library.uu.nl
Page 1 …

Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Worlds–Toward Human-Level AI Agents
VM Petrovi? – IEEE Access, 2018 – ieeexplore.ieee.org
Page 1. 2169-3536 (c) 2018 IEEE. Translations and content mining are permitted for academic research only. Personal use is also permitted, but republication/ redistribution requires IEEE permission. See http://www.ieee.org …

Review of Interactive Communication Systems for Business-to-Business (B2B) Services
S Kaghyan, S Sarpal, A Zorilescu… – Electronic …, 2018 – ingentaconnect.com
Page 1. Review of Interactive Communication Systems for Business- to-Business (B2B) Services Sahak Kaghyan, Shubham Sarpal, Andrei Zorilescu, David Akopian, The University of Texas at San Antonio Abstract The ability …

The First Minds: Caterpillars, Karyotes, and Consciousness
AS Reber – 2018 – books.google.com
… it lacks subjective states, qualia,4 consciousness. All its actions and 3. Every year the so-called Loebner Prize competition is held for the AI that performs best in a controlled Turing Test. The contest was started in 1990 by the …

Comparison of Commercial Chatbot solutions for Supporting Customer Interaction.
F Johannsen, S Leist, D Konadl, M Basche… – ECIS, 2018 – ecis2018.eu
Page 1. Twenty-Sixth European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS2018), Portsmouth,UK, 2018 COMPARISON OF COMMERCIAL CHATBOT SOLUTIONS FOR SUPPORTING CUSTOMER INTERACTION Research paper …

Customer service chatbots: Anthropomorphism, adoption and word of mouth
BT Sheehan – 2018 – eprints.qut.edu.au
Page 1. CUSTOMER SERVICE CHATBOTS: ANTHROPOMORPHISM, ADOPTION AND WORD OF MOUTH Benjamin Thomas Sheehan Bachelor of International Business, Griffith University Master of Business Administration (MBA), University of Queensland …

What does it mean to be human? Life, death, personhood and the transhumanist movement
DJ Doyle – 2018 – books.google.com
Page 1. Anticipation Science 3 D. John Doyle What Does it Mean to be Human? Life, Death, Personhood and the Transhumanist Movement Page 2. Anticipation Science Volume 3 Editor-in-chief Roberto Poli, University of Trento, Trento, Italy Page 3 …

Question Answering over Linked Data: A Feasibility Study
B Verfaillie – 2018 – lib.ugent.be
Page 1. Question Answering over Linked Data: A Feasibility Study Bryan Verfaillie Supervisors: Prof. dr. ir. Ruben Verborgh, Dr. Azarakhsh Jalalvand Counsellors: Dr. ir. Miel Vander Sande, Ir. Dieter De Witte Master’s dissertation …

Health analytics
A Makhlysheva, A Budrionis… – … Center for E-health …, 2018 – ehealthresearch.no
Page 1. Makhlysheva A., Budrionis A., Chomutare T., Nordsletta AT, Bakkevoll PA, Henriksen T., Hurley JS, Bellika JG, Blixgård H., Godtliebsen F., Skrøvseth SO, Solvoll T., Linstad L. Health Analytics REPORT 04/2018 Page 2. Health Analytics Report number 04-2018 …

Applied Software Tools for Supporting Children with Intellectual Disabilities
A Abualsamid – 2018 – stars.library.ucf.edu
Page 1. University of Central Florida Electronic Theses and Dissertations Doctoral Dissertation (Open Access) Applied Software Tools for Supporting Children with Intellectual Disabilities 2018 Ahmad Abualsamid University of Central Florida …

Mobile crowd sensing: enabling technologies and applications
S Delpriori – 2018 – ora.uniurb.it
Page 1. Dipartimento di Scienze Pure e Applicate Scuola di Scienze e Tecnologie dell’Informazione Ph.D. Thesis MOBILE CROWD SENSING: ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS Tutor: Chiar.mo. Prof. Alessandro Bogliolo Candidate: Dott. Saverio Delpriori …

Virtual Doctor: An Intelligent Human-Computer Dialogue System for Quick Response to People in Need
S Mallios – 2018 – corescholar.libraries.wright.edu
Page 1. Wright State University CORE Scholar Browse all Theses and Dissertations Theses and Dissertations 2018 Virtual Doctor: An Intelligent Human-Computer Dialogue System for Quick Response to People in Need Stavros Mallios Wright State University …

Robot Rules: Regulating Artificial Intelligence
J Turner – 2018 – books.google.com
Page 1. JACOB TURNER ROBOT RULES Regulating Artificial Intelligence Page 2. Robot Rules Page 3. Jacob Turner Robot Rules Regulating Artificial Intelligence Page 4. Jacob Turner Fountain Court Chambers London, UK …

Development of a web application for an automated user assistant
V Giakoumakou – 2018 – repository.ihu.edu.gr
Page 1. Development of a web application for an automated user assistant Vasiliki Giakoumakou SID: 3306150003 SCHOOL OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A thesis submitted for the degree of Master of Science (MSc) in Mobile and Web Computing DECEMBER 2017 …

Personality Matters! Improving The User Experience of Chatbot Interfaces-Personality provides a stable pattern to guide the design and behaviour of conversational …
TL Smestad – 2018 – ntnuopen.ntnu.no
Page 1. Personality Matters! Improving The User Experience of Chatbot Interfaces Personality provides a stable pattern to guide the design and behaviour of conversational agents Tuva Lunde Smestad Master in Interaction Design …

No need to laugh out loud: Predicting humor appraisal of comic strips based on physiological signals in a realistic environment
O Barral, I Kosunen, G Jacucci – ACM Transactions on Computer-Human …, 2018 – dl.acm.org
Page 1. 40 No Need to Laugh Out Loud: Predicting Humor Appraisal of Comic Strips Based on Physiological Signals in a Realistic Environment OSWALD BARRAL, ILKKA KOSUNEN, and GIULIO JACUCCI, University of Helsinki …