Speech Act & Chatbots

Notes:

Speech acts are the actions that a speaker performs when they speak. These actions can be divided into different categories, such as statements, questions, commands, and requests.

In the context of chatbots, speech acts can be used to design the interactions between the chatbot and the user. For example, a chatbot can use statements to provide information to the user, questions to gather information from the user, commands to direct the user to take a specific action, and requests to ask the user to do something.

By understanding the types of speech acts that a chatbot can use, designers can create more natural and effective interactions with users. For example, a chatbot that is designed to make restaurant reservations might use a request speech act to ask the user for their preferred date and time, and then use a statement speech act to confirm the reservation and provide additional information about the restaurant.

  • Computational argumentation system is a computer system that is designed to generate, analyze, and evaluate arguments. These systems often use artificial intelligence techniques to understand and reason about the arguments, and may be used for tasks such as automated essay grading or automated legal analysis.
  • Human-machine dialog refers to the interactions between humans and machines, typically through some form of communication medium such as speech or text. These interactions can take many forms, ranging from simple exchanges of information to more complex conversations involving multiple turns and exchanges of ideas.
  • Virtual storyteller is a computer program or system that is designed to generate or tell stories. These stories may be based on pre-written content or they may be generated dynamically based on input from the user or other sources. Virtual storytellers are often used in entertainment and education applications, and may be designed to tell stories in a variety of formats, including text, audio, or video.

Resources:

  • arg-tech.org .. centre for argument technology
  • fungramkb.com .. multipurpose lexico-conceptual knowledge base for natural language processing

Wikipedia:

References:

See also:

Dialog Act Recognition 2019 | Intent, Dialog Act & Chatbots 2019

Arabic Dialogue Act Recognition for Textual Chatbot Systems
A Joukhadar, H Saghergy, L Kweider… – Proceedings of The First …, 2019 – aclweb.org
… In general, chat bot systems can be composed of three basic components: Natural Language Un- derstanding (NLU), Dialogue … (Shala et al., 2010) applied speech act classifi- cation for … Based on our chatbot system, we have adopted our own taxonomy of speech acts that are …

A Dialogic Analysis of Compliment Strategies Employed by Replika Chatbot
FZM Hakim, LM Indrayani… – … Conference of Arts …, 2019 – atlantis-press.com
… Weigand (2010) argued that many speech act theories, Searle’s (1969) in particular, has failed to … One of the recent chatbots that is supported with such system is Replika. Replika is an emotionally intelligent chatbot designed to provide emotional support by stimulating social …

It’s How You Say It: Identifying Appropriate Register for Chatbot Language Design
AP Chaves, E Doerry, J Egbert, M Gerosa – Proceedings of the 7th …, 2019 – dl.acm.org
… linguistically. Currently, there is no formal techniques for addressing this challenge; chatbot designers develop chatbots based on their personal linguistic habits or ad hoc analyses of user charac- teristics. Formal linguistics …

Evaluation Techniques for Chatbot Usability: A Systematic Mapping Study
R Ren, JW Castro, ST Acuña… – International Journal of …, 2019 – World Scientific
… 3 (usability OR \user interaction”) AND (technique OR practice) AND (chat- bots OR \chatbots … OR \conversational agents” OR \chatterbot” OR \arti¯cial conversational entity” OR \mobile chatbots”) … Evaluation Techniques for Chatbot Usability: A Systematic Mapping Study 1677 …

JAQ: a chatbot for foreign students
A Gellens, S Gustin, Y Deville – dial.uclouvain.be
… As the research question states, the produced chatbot can serve as a Proof Of Concept demon- strating that modern chatbots are suited in the context we described earlier. It can be tested at http://tfe-gustin-gellens.info.ucl.ac.be inside the network of UCLouvain …

A chatbot for automatic question answering in the information technology domain
JMV Antunes – 2019 – repositorio.ul.pt
… In general, a closed domain chatbot is expected to output higher quality responses than the ones output by an … these models as chatbots is also presented … In this chapter, models and mechanisms that are important to NLP, in general, and chat- bots, in particular, are introduced …

Hi, can I help? An exploratory study of designing a chatbot to complement school nurses in supporting youths’ mental health
CG Høiland – 2019 – duo.uio.no
… The following will firstly describe platforms for making chatbots available to users and then platforms for chatbot development. Platforms for making chatbots available to users Chatbots may be made available to users on a range of different platforms (Kothari et al., 2017) …

How Do Humans Identify Human-Likeness from Online Text-Based Q&A Communication?
E Mori, Y Takeuchi, E Tsuchikura – International Conference on Human …, 2019 – Springer
… is how to go about closing the logical gap between the utterance content and speech act … some factors that help determine which sentences were written by a chatbot and which … defines such factors as human-likeness to distinguish between sentences by chatbots and those …

THE ENTIRE SYSTEM OF HUMAN RELATIONS IS COLLAPSING'(Introduction)
S Ciston – academia.edu
… does things. Software studies sees code as a speech act (Cox and McLean 2013, 35), which influences my sense of how to perform text, as well as how code expands the … Page 10. The chatbot produces voices; it stores and mimics them. I incorporate these voices into …

Demonstrating the distinctions between persuasion and deliberation dialogues
Y Kirchev, K Atkinson, T Bench-Capon – International Conference on …, 2019 – Springer
… the implementation exercise revealed refinements required to the underlying speech act specifications to … 5. Chalaguine, LA, Hamilton, FL, Hunter, A., Potts, HW: Argument harvesting using chatbots … Paiement, A., Seisenberger, M., Williams, J., Wyner, A.: A chatbot framework for …

From atoms to bits and back: A research curation on digital technology and agenda for future research
B Schmitt – Journal of Consumer Research, 2019 – academic.oup.com
… Results indicate that the identified speech act characteristics relate to sentiment strength, and sentiment strength influences changes in sales ranks … For example, chatbots with voice, based on natural language processing, behave like human conversational partners …

What’s Chat and Where to Find it
E Gilmartin – workshop.colips.org
… Vega N, Mingxin S, Mo W, DHaro LF (???? Subjective annotation and evaluation of three different chatbots wochat: Shared … NOMCO multimodal Nordic resource–goals and characteristics [19] Schegloff E (1988) Presequences and indirection:: Applying speech act theory to …

Question Understanding Based on Sentence Embedding on Dialog Systems for Banking Service
KJ Oh, HJ Choi, S Kwon, S Park – 2019 IEEE International …, 2019 – ieeexplore.ieee.org
… trying to automate customer counseling service utilizing dialog system and chatbot in various … sets are additional 200 real input sentences from a commercial chat bot service platform … trained by 5,200 training sentences tagged domain, sub-category, and speech act from FAQs …

Developing a Design Guide for Consistent Manifestation of Conversational Agent Personalities
H Kim, DY Koh, G Lee, JM Park, Y Lim – … University, Manchester, UK, 2019 – iasdr2019.org
… The second part guides designers on how the personality in the first part can be manifested through various expression channels with regards to a certain speech act, or a conversational situation, with a … Meta Chatbot: Enabling collaboration between chatbots …

Enabling a Bot with Understanding Argumentation and Providing Arguments
B Galitsky – Developing Enterprise Chatbots, 2019 – Springer
… The purpose of argumentation analysis for chatbots is twofold … Hence we extend rhetoric structure theory (RST) with Speech Act Theory (Searle 1969) to provide a more accurate discourse … it is important to select an answer tailored to a user political views, the chatbot needs to …

Mimic and Rephrase: Reflective listening in open-ended dialogue
J Dieter, T Wang, AT Chaganty, G Angeli… – Proceedings of the 23rd …, 2019 – aclweb.org
… an expressive speech act (Searle, 1976) appropriate for the utterance. For example, in Table 1 (b) we incorporate the speech act I don’t know on top of the mimicked utterance when the swimming pool is open. In this paper, we …

Goal-oriented dialog systems and Memory: an overview
LP Schaub, C Vaudapiviz – 2019 – hal.archives-ouvertes.fr
… could provide an interesting research avenue for improving goal oriented chatbots architecture, by … through a conti- nuous process of knowledge base querying during speech act perception is … We have just seen that the attention in goal oriented chatbot development has been …

CHAPTER FIFTEEN FUNCTIONAL LINGUISTIC BASED MOTIVATIONS FOR A CONVERSATIONAL SOFTWARE AGENT KULVINDER PANESAR
K Panesar – Linguistic Perspectives on the Construction of …, 2019 – books.google.com
… We present a design of a computational model of the linking algorithm that utilises a speech act construction as a grammatical … competitions (such as the yearly Loebner prize) to demonstrate human-like conversations, with four times winner ‘Mitsuku’Chatbot (Worswick 2018) …

Exploring machine learning and deep learning frameworks for task-oriented dialogue act classification
T Saha, S Srivastava, M Firdaus, S Saha… – … Joint Conference on …, 2019 – ieeexplore.ieee.org
… Applications such as online chat-bots that include the Problem Solving Agent, Conversational Agent, etc … The major contributions of this work are: • A new task-oriented tag-set is proposed which is more appropriate for building a chat-bot system …

An Evaluation Of A Linguistically Motivated Conversational Software Agent Framework
K Panesar – Journal of Computer-Assisted Linguistic Research, 2019 – riunet.upv.es
… g) Criteria 7 – Could the system query the knowledge base for a fact (from the speech act performative (SAP)) h) Criteria 8 … exciting competitions (such as the yearly Loebner prize) to demonstrate human-like conversation with four times winner ‘Mitsuku’ Chatbot (Worswick 2018) …

Disambiguating Speech Intention via Audio-Text Co-attention Framework: A Case of Prosody-semantics Interface
WI Cho, J Cho, WH Kang, NS Kim – arXiv preprint arXiv:1910.09275, 2019 – arxiv.org
… Followingly, the system users or social chatbots might be able to provide proper response/reaction in free-style or goal-oriented conversations … [15] Nele Hellbernd and Daniela Sammler, “Prosody con- veys speaker’s intentions: Acoustic cues for speech act perception,” Journal …

Rhetorical Agreement: Maintaining Cohesive Conversations
B Galitsky – Developing Enterprise Chatbots, 2019 – Springer
… In recent years, development of chatbots answering questions, facilitation discussion, managing dialogues … how a question answering, dialog management, recommendation or chatbot system can … trees are designed to combine rhetorical information with speech act structures to …

Modeling intent, dialog policies and response adaptation for goal-oriented interactions
S Sahay, SH Kumar, E Okur, H Syed… – arXiv preprint arXiv …, 2019 – arxiv.org
… Most dialog systems are categorized as either chatbots or task-oriented where chatbots are open- ended to allow generic conversations and the … Speech Act features: Verbal Response Modes (VRM) is a principled taxonomy of speech acts that can be used to classify literal and …

Discovering the Functions of Language in Online Forums
Y Ismaeil, O Balalau, P Mirza – Proceedings of the 5th Workshop on …, 2019 – aclweb.org
… We remark that the agreement score which is comparable with re- sults reported for speech act labeling on Reddit (cf … message asks for a referential reply, while an emotive message calls for a thoughtful and empathetic response) are beneficial for building smarter chatbots …

Merging Representation and Management of Physical and Spoken Action
C Threlkeld, M Scheutz – pdfs.semanticscholar.org
… Exist- ing systems, such as neural network-based chatbots or slot-filling dialogue systems fall shorts in these examples [4]. So, these exam- ples serve as a starting point in avoiding common obstacles, as … In Figure 1, line 13 above, the robot is dealing with an indirect speech act …

Commentary: neuroprosthetic speech: pragmatics, norms, and self-fashioning
K Kreitmair – Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, 2019 – cambridge.org
… does not mean that we cannot develop sophisticated norms around NPS that allow users the full set of communicative and speech act abilities … notoriously vulnerable to algorithmic bias, including racism and sexism,11 as can be seen in the case of Microsoft’s chatbot Tay, who …

Cognitive interaction with virtual assistants: From philosophical foundations to illustrative examples in aeronautics
D Bernard, A Arnold – Computers in Industry, 2019 – Elsevier
… Finally, we wonder whether a state-of-the-art chat bot framework actually implements the needed … In addition, the hearer has the choice to accept or not the speech act and its … is partially acknowledged in today’s frameworks to develop virtual assistants or chatbots: processing a …

Text matters but speech influences: A computational analysis of syntactic ambiguity resolution
WI Cho, J Cho, WH Kang, NS Kim – arXiv preprint arXiv …, 2019 – researchgate.net
… Follow- ingly, the system users or social chatbots may be able to pro- vide proper response/reaction in free-style or goal-oriented conversations with others … Hellbernd, N., & Sammler, D. (2016). Prosody conveys speaker’s intentions: Acoustic cues for speech act per …

Adversarial Language Games for Advanced Natural Language Intelligence
Y Yao, H Zhong, Z Zhang, X Han, X Wang… – arXiv preprint arXiv …, 2019 – arxiv.org
… (a) A defender without sense of defending, which is the case of most chatbots, will be … of NLP models with pragmatics language games (Krauss and Weinheimer, 1964; Clark and Wilkes-Gibbs, 1986; Potts, 2012) and pragmatics theories such as the speech-act theory (Searle et …

A dynamic speaker model for conversational interactions
H Cheng, H Fang, M Ostendorf – Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of …, 2019 – aclweb.org
… preferences. 4 Dialog Act Classification Dialog act analysis is widely used for conversa- tions, which identifies the illocutionary force of a speaker’s utterance following the speech act the- ory (Austin, 1975; Searle, 1969). In this …

Dialogue Systems and Conversational Agents for Patients with Dementia: The Human–Robot Interaction
A Russo, G D’Onofrio, A Gangemi, F Giuliani… – Rejuvenation …, 2019 – liebertpub.com
… expressing the function of an utterance. Speech act analysis goes beyond syntactic and semantic analysis, as it may rely on external information, such as the discourse context and the user model. As the function of an utterance …

A Practical Dialogue-Act-Driven Conversation Model for Multi-Turn Response Selection
H Kumar, A Agarwal, S Joshi – Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on …, 2019 – aclweb.org
Page 1. Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing, pages 1980–1989, Hong Kong, China, November 3–7, 2019 …

Method Evaluation
S Höhn – Artificial Companion for Second Language …, 2019 – Springer
… However, CA researchers found that there are social actions not covered by the speech act classifications, such … utterance is appropriate, and this is one of the reasons why users perceive chatbots as repetitive … a Wizard-of-Oz study as a proof of concept of the chatbot that helps …

A study of incorrect paraphrases in crowdsourced user utterances
MA Yaghoub-Zadeh-Fard, B Benatallah… – Proceedings of the …, 2019 – aclweb.org
… Also known as dialogue systems, virtual assistants, chatbots or simply bots (Campagna et al., 2017; Su et al., 2017), some advanced bots are now … any cafes nearby?) it is acceptable to paraphrase it into a directive sen- tence (eg, find cafes nearby.), but its speech act cannot be …

Discourse-Level Dialogue Management
B Galitsky – Developing Enterprise Chatbots, 2019 – Springer
… 11.3.8 Evaluation: Information Access Efficiency in Chatbots Versus Search Engines … Twelve users (author’s colleagues) asked the chatbot 15–20 questions reflecting their financial situations … The structure of comparison of search efficiency for the chat bot vs the search engine is …

The metonymic and echoic exploitation of scenarios in meaning making
AG Masegosa – ORGANISING COMMITTEE – fungramkb.com
… perez@ unirioja. es The line between pragmatic and semantic issues in speech act production and understanding is a narrow one. Which aspects of speech act performance belong to either of these two disciplines has often been a matter of controversy …

A Review on Dyadic Conversation Visualizations-Purposes, Data, Lens of Analysis
JY Kim, RA Calvo, K Yacef, NJ Enfield – arXiv preprint arXiv:1905.00653, 2019 – arxiv.org
… con- versation. SR17 provided an understanding of how words contribute towards an automatic machine classifier. Last- ly, SR18 provided a comparison of speech-act profiles between two speakers using a radar-chart. As for …

Intent Classification for Dialogue Utterances
J Schuurmans, F Frasincar – IEEE Intelligent Systems, 2019 – ieeexplore.ieee.org
… hierarchical structure with an SVM at every node was used for speech-act classification.13 … For chatbots, multi-intent classification was researched by Rychalska et al.21 We contribute to … There is the Chatbot Corpus on Travel Scheduling, and the StackExchange Corpus on Ask …

Taming Accessibility Forum for Screen-reader Users
S Ismail – 2019 – search.proquest.com
Page 1. Taming Accessibility Forum for Screen-reader Users A Thesis Presented by Sabir Ismail to The Graduate School in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Computer Science Stony Brook University May 2019 Page 2 …

A context-aware conversational agent in the rehabilitation domain
T Mavropoulos, G Meditskos, S Symeonidis… – Future Internet, 2019 – mdpi.com
… in Reference [10], where emphasis is placed on the role of chatbots beyond patient monitoring; it focuses on patient–doctor interaction over a chatbot-driven telemedicine … are used for the extraction of sentence information such as named entities, speech act, or significant …

Proceedings of the Eighth Joint Conference on Lexical and Computational Semantics (* SEM 2019)
R Mihalcea, E Shutova, LW Ku, K Evang… – Proceedings of the Eighth …, 2019 – aclweb.org
… 68 Bot2Vec: Learning Representations of Chatbots Jonathan Herzig, Tommy Sandbank, Michal Shmueli-Scheuer and David Konopnicki … 263 Target Based Speech Act Classification in Political Campaign Text Shivashankar Subramanian, Trevor Cohn and Timothy Baldwin …

Data Science and Conversational Interfaces: A New Revolution in Digital Business
D Griol, Z Callejas – Data Science and Digital Business, 2019 – Springer
… In a survey from 2016, 80% of business leaders stated that they either “already used or planned to use Chatbots by 2020” when asked which … n slots’, ‘verify n slots’, ‘verify all’, or ‘quit.’ The alternative approach to the action set is to consider the actions as the speech act (what is …

Computational Sarcasm for Different Languages: A Survey
A Dubey, A Joshi, P Bhattacharyya – cfilt.iitb.ac.in
… It in- cludes the entire speech act such as prosodic variations, hand gestures, eye movements, etc … They present a sarcasm genera- tion module (SarcasmBot) for chatbots and mention that integrating a sarcasm generation module allows existing chatbots to become more ‘human …

Learning Discourse-Level Structures for Question Answering
B Galitsky – Developing Enterprise Chatbots, 2019 – Springer
… Developing Enterprise Chatbots pp 177-219 | Cite as … The demand for access to different types of information via a chatbot has led to a renewed interest … subject speech acts to special treatment; we represent them by communicative actions within the Speech Act theory (Searle …

Plug-ins for content annotation of dialogue acts
H Bunt – Workshop on Interoperable Semantic Annotation (ISA …, 2019 – sigsem.uvt.nl
… The theory underlying both schemes, Dynamic Interpretation Theory, defines a dialogue act much in the spirit of speech act theory as having as its … limitations by invoking a semantic parser or entity extraction engine, as provided in NLU tools like LUIS or RASA for chatbots, 3 to …

Rhetorical Map of an Answer
B Galitsky – Developing Enterprise Chatbots, 2019 – Springer
… However, the recall of these chatbots is fairly low since only the questions matching the … and is searched against an index of answers, precision of the chatbot answers become … For the cases of content level causality, epistemic causality and speech act causality satellite should …

Toolkits for Building Multimodal Systems and Applications
M Feld, R Ne?selrath – The Handbook of Multimodal-Multisensor …, 2019 – books.google.com
… im- plementation, and depends on the type of application to be implemented (eg, pro-active assistant, question answering system, troubleshooting chatbot, social bot etc.) … In the plan-based theory, the speaker’s speech act is part of a plan and it is the listener’s job to identify and …

4Software Platforms and Toolkits for Building Multimodal Systems
M Feld, R Neßelrath, T Schwartz – The Handbook of Multimodal-Multisensor … – dl.acm.org
… im- plementation, and depends on the type of application to be implemented (eg, pro-active assistant, question answering system, troubleshooting chatbot, social bot etc.) … In the plan-based theory, the speaker’s speech act is part of a plan and it is the listener’s job to identify and …

Learning to Converse With Latent Actions
T Zhao – 2019 – lti.cs.cmu.edu
… Page 6. Page 7. Abstract The study of actions has been on the frontier of dialog research since day one. Rooted in speech act theory (Austin, 1962), actions represent the ba- sic communication unit and define the types of interactions that a dialog agent is capable of …

Software platforms and toolkits for building multimodal systems and applications
M Feld, R Ne?elrath, T Schwartz – The Handbook of Multimodal …, 2019 – dl.acm.org
… im- plementation, and depends on the type of application to be implemented (eg, pro-active assistant, question answering system, troubleshooting chatbot, social bot etc.) … In the plan-based theory, the speaker’s speech act is part of a plan and it is the listener’s job to identify and …

A Mood Based Music Player
V Gupta, S Kumar, M Viswanath – ijresm.com
… Input can be either graphic based (facial) or voice Chatbot oriented (audio). The determined mood is mapped across a provided mood table to generate a range of possible mood … Speech act theory is based on the statements and its propositional meaning …

Seen the villains: Detecting Social Engineering Attacks using Case-based Reasoning and Deep Learning.
M Lansley, N Polatidis, S Kapetanakis, K Amin… – ICCBR …, 2019 – ceur-ws.org
… Our approach can be applied in offline texts or real time environments and can identify whether a human, chatbot or offline … systems and provide a comprehensive recognition of subsys- tems for their detection architecture; in influence, deception, personality, speech act and past …

Productive Sounds. Touch-Tone Dialing, the Rise of the Call Center Industry and the Politics of Virtual Voice Assistants
A Volmar – 2019 – mediarep.org
… Seen from the perspective of speech act theory (Austin 1975), the DTMF tones can be conceptualized as “sonic acts” or “sound acts,” ie, as … 9 A parallel development has happened in the field of text-based chatbots, the performance of which is now convincing in standard use …

Learning from Others’ Experience
S Höhn – Artificial Companion for Second Language …, 2019 – Springer
… Avatars, talking heads and embodied agents as well as integration of text-to-speech engines became nice-to-have extensions for chatbots because they appeared to positively influence users’ engagement in chat, though a simple chatbot was still hiding behind them (Stewart …

Do Smart Speakers Respond to Their Errors Properly? A Study on Human-Computer Dialogue Strategy
X Ge, D Li, D Guan, S Xu, Y Sun, M Zhou – International Conference on …, 2019 – Springer
As smart speakers with voice interaction capability permeate continuously in the world, more and more people will gradually get used to the new interaction medium–voice. Although speech recognition,…

Abbate, J. 2012. Recoding Gender: Women’s Changing Participation in Computing. Cam-bridge, MA: MIT Press. Abdullah, R., et al. 2009.“The Challenges of Open …
LE Press – Technical Communication – JSTOR
… Arns, I. 2005. “Code as Performative Speech Act.” #Artnodes … Retrieved from http:// www.electronicbookreview.com/thread/electropoetics/codology Mason, P. 2016. “The Racist Hijacking of Microsoft’s Chatbot Shows How the Internet Teems with Hate.” The Guardian …

Linguistic Fundamentals for Natural Language Processing II: 100 Essentials from Semantics and Pragmatics
EM Bender, A Lascarides – Synthesis Lectures on Human …, 2019 – morganclaypool.com
… This includes human- computer interactions (eg, search engines, chatbots, spoken user interfaces, embodied commu- nication with robots), computer-assisted human-human interactions (eg, machine translation), as well as machine access to human-human interactions (eg …

Nonverbal behavior in multimodal performances
A Cafaro, C Pelachaud, SC Marsella – The Handbook of Multimodal …, 2019 – dl.acm.org
Page 1. 6Nonverbal Behavior in Multimodal Performances Angelo Cafaro, Catherine Pelachaud, Stacy C. Marsella 6.1 Introduction The physical, nonverbal behaviors that accompany face-to-face interaction convey a wide variety …

Overview of the sixth dialog system technology challenge: DSTC6
C Hori, J Perez, R Higashinaka, T Hori… – Computer Speech & …, 2019 – Elsevier
… Then, the event started to offer pilot tasks on Spoken Language Understanding, Speech Act Prediction, Natural Language Generation and End-to-end System Evaluation which increased the reach of the challenge into the research community of dialogue systems and AI …

A Computational Model for Cognitive Human-Robot Interaction: An Approach Based on Theory of Delegation.
F Cantucci, R Falcone – WOA, 2019 – ceur-ws.org
… the capability of the agents in the computational model to share their mental states between them by speech-act communication functionalities … the introduction, tourism and hospitality companies have started to adopt robots and AI services in the form of chatbots, robot-concierge …

Scaffolding open text input in a scripted communication skills learning environment
R Lala, J Jeuring, M van Geest – International Conference on Games and …, 2019 – Springer
… text, AutoTutor uses NLP methods like latent semantic analysis and speech act classifiers; techniques … find that the chatbot character has a consistent personality but the text retrieval … Methods range from collecting and classifying input, semantic matching, chatbots, and agent …

Asking the right questions about the psychology of human inquiry: Nine open challenges
A Coenen, JD Nelson, TM Gureckis – Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 2019 – Springer
The ability to act on the world with the goal of gaining information is core to human adaptability and intelligence. Perhaps the most successful and influential account of such abilities is the…

Intent mining for the good, bad, and ugly use of social web: concepts, methods, and challenges
H Purohit, R Pandey – … and Opportunities in Computational Social Network …, 2019 – Springer
… features, and Carlos and Yalamanchi [6] proposed a supervised learning classifier for commercial intent based on features grounded in speech act theory … the intent behavior of social good as opposed to social bad (eg, as observed in 2016, for the Microsoft chatbot 5 ) could …

Cognitive architecture of multimodal multidimensional dialogue management
A Malchanau – 2019 – scidok.sulb.uni-saarland.de
… While statistical dialogue systems may perform well on simple information-transfer tasks and end-to-end approaches handle well chatbot conversations, they are mostly unable to manage real-life communication in complex settings like, for example, multi-party conver- sations …

Conversational UX Design: A Practitioner’s Guide to the Natural Conversation Framework
RJ Moore, R Arar – 2019 – dl.acm.org
… pp. 36–37], one of the first chatbots. The user typed her utterances, and the auto- mated agent returned textual responses … service. Weizenbaum [1966, p. 42], the creator of ELIZA, explains how the chatbot works psychologically …

From words to pixels: text and image mining methods for service research
FV Ordenes, S Zhang – Journal of Service Management, 2019 – emerald.com
… As such, according to a Gartner (2018) report, business analytics tools that can deal with text and image data, such as natural language processing, computer vision, machine learning, deep neuronal nets and chatbots are of critical interest to firms …

Unsupervised Text Representation Learning with Interactive Language
H Cheng – 2019 – digital.lib.washington.edu
… thoughts and feelings from them. On the other hand, in terms of speech act theory [38], language is a site of social activity, ie utterances are performative rather than referential … 14 (aka chatbots) have been developed for entertainment, companionship and education purpose …

There is no general AI: Why Turing machines cannot pass the Turing test
J Landgrebe, B Smith – arXiv preprint arXiv:1906.05833, 2019 – academia.edu
Page 1. arXiv:1906.05833v1 [cs.AI] 9 Jun 2019 There is no general AI: Why Turing machines cannot pass the Turing test Jobst Landgrebe ? Cognotekt GmbH, Bonner Str. 209, D-50996 Köln, Germany Barry Smith † University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA June 14, 2019 …

Text analytics with Python: a practitioner’s guide to natural language processing
D Sarkar – 2019 – books.google.com
Page 1. Text Analytics with Python A Practitioner’s Guide to Natural Language Processing — Second Edition — Dipanjan Sarkar Page 2. Text Analytics with Python A Practitioner’s Guide to Natural Language Processing Second Edition Dipanjan Sarkar Page 3 …

Knowledge-based Conversational Search
S Vakulenko – arXiv preprint arXiv:1912.06859, 2019 – arxiv.org
… Open data chatbot … For example, Conversational Analysis (CA) [177] proposed to analyze regularities such as adjacency pairs and turn-taking in conversational structures, and Speech Act Theory [4, 181] to identify utterances with functions enabled through language (speech …

Augmenting Abstract Meaning Representation for human-robot dialogue
C Bonial, L Donatelli, S Lukin, S Tratz… – Proceedings of the First …, 2019 – aclweb.org
… given that the tar- get human-robot dialogue is physically situated and therefore distinct from other dialogue systems, such as chat bots, which do … imperatives, this speaks to a larger issue of AMR: the existing representation is very limited with re- spect to speech act information …

This is the author’s version of a work that was published in the following source
J Feine, U Gnewuch, S Morana, A Maedche – 2019 – researchgate.net
… Despite the large number of different terms used to describe this technology (eg, CA, ECA, chatbot, dialog systems, companions … design and application purposes (Dale, 2016). Text-based CAs (ie, chatbots) are often implemented on websites and messenger platforms (eg …

Natural Language Processing Basics
D Sarkar – Text Analytics with Python, 2019 – Springer
… beings. This includes analyzing speech and the usage of language when speaking, including the speaker’s intent, tone, content, and actions involved in expressing a message. This is often called a “speech act” in linguistics. More …

Viana: Visual interactive annotation of argumentation
F Sperrle, R Sevastjanova, R Kehlbeck… – … IEEE Conference on …, 2019 – ieeexplore.ieee.org
… 1 INTRODUCTION Argument mining is a flourishing research area that enables various novel, linguistically-informed applications like semantic search en- gines, chatbots or human-like discussion systems, as convincingly demonstrated by IBM’s project debater [58] …

A review of the analytics techniques for an efficient management of online forums: An architecture proposal
J Peral, A Ferrandez, H Mora, D Gil… – IEEE Access, 2019 – ieeexplore.ieee.org
… They took into account different features, such as lexical similarity, poster trustworthiness, and speech act relations in human conversations. They generated a weighted threaded discussion graph by applying feature-oriented link generation functions …

How the Chinese language encourages the paradigm shift toward discourse in linguistics: Pressure from ‘the three zeros’
MS Erbaugh – Chinese Language and Discourse, 2019 – jbe-platform.com
… This rival school analyzes usage-based, communication-oriented theory. Discourse pragmatics was strongly influenced by speech act theory of J. L. Ayer, P. Grice and the Oxford school. European linguists, most of them fluently multilingual, never fully embraced MIT theory …

Semantic and Discursive Representation for Natural Language Understanding
D Sileo – 2019 – tel.archives-ouvertes.fr
… “My computer mouse doesn’t work :(” (b) chatbot system y ? {“Did you plug it in ?”} U texts “My computer mouse doesn’t work :(” (c) … Discourse analysis provides tools and concepts for studying pragmatics. We present some of them in this section. 2.2.1 Speech act theory …

Logic-based Models of Argument
A Groza – iosud.utcluj.ro
… [148] 8 Page 9. • How can improve version spaces algorithm using expert knowledge? [74] • How can one use ontologies to develop more flexible chatbots? [161] • How can ontologies improve the performance of textual entailment? [160] …

A comparison study: Comparison Between Different Classifiers for Emotion Classification Using Real Human-to-Human Chat Log Dataset
Z Zhao – 2019 – cdr.lib.unc.edu
… One possible result of implementation of multi-class classification is that chatbots can provide users with better … 70- 74). IEEE. Kim, GC (1997). A dialogue analysis model with statistical speech act processing for dialogue machine translation. Spoken Language Translation …

Prototyping relational things that talk: a discursive design strategy for conversational AI systems
B Aga – 2019 – pearl.plymouth.ac.uk
… 190 Figure 71: The Infinite Guide chatbot interface (Aga, et al., 2018b) …. 191 … The formation of the hypothesis is grounded in the observations of people interacting with relational things; chatbots, social robots, home assistants and …

Towards the Learning, Perception, and Effectiveness of Teachable Conversational Agents
N Chhibber – 2019 – uwspace.uwaterloo.ca
Page 1. Towards the Learning, Perception, and Effectiveness of Teachable Conversational Agents by Nalin Chhibber A thesis presented to the University of Waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Mathematics in Computer Science …

Artificial Companion for Second Language Conversation
S Höhn – 2019 – Springer
Sviatlana Höhn Artificial Companion for Second Language Conversation Chatbots Support Practice Using Conversation Analysis Page 2 … Sviatlana Höhn Artificial Companion Conversation for Second Language Chatbots Support Practice Using Conversation Analysis Page 4 …

There is no Artificial General Intelligence
J Landgrebe, B Smith – arXiv preprint arXiv:1906.05833, 2019 – arxiv.org
Page 1. arXiv:1906.05833v2 [cs.AI] 28 Nov 2019 There is no Artificial General Intelligence Jobst Landgrebe ? Cognotekt GmbH, Bonner Str. 209, D-50996 Köln, Germany Barry Smith † University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA December 2, 2019 …

Duets Ex Machina: On The Performative Aspects of” Double Acts” in Computational Creativity.
T Veale, P Wicke, T Mildner – ICCC, 2019 – pdfs.semanticscholar.org
… Consider Alexa (Amazon, 2019) a speech-act- ivated ‘genie’ that answers our questions, fetches our data and controls our music, lighting, heating and more … This is not a problem when Alexa works alone; she simply narratives her chosen story in a single continuous speech act …

Socially-Aware Dialogue System
R Zhao – 2019 – lti.cs.cmu.edu
… systems/bots: (1) task completion bots that help users complete discrete tasks such as booking movie tickets, making restaurant reservations, and so on; (2) information retrieval bots that support an interactive Q&A system over a knowledge base; and (3) social chatbots that aim …

A Review of the Analytics Techniques for an Efficient Management of Online Forums: An Architecture Proposal
J Peral Cortés, A Ferrández, H Mora, D Gil… – 2019 – rua.ua.es
… They took into account different features, such as lexical similarity, poster trustworthiness, and speech act relations in human con- versations. They generated a weighted threaded discussion graph by applying feature-oriented link generation functions …

Abstract Meaning Representation for Human-Robot Dialogue
CN Bonial, L Donatelli, J Ervin… – Proceedings of the …, 2019 – scholarworks.umass.edu
… This stands in con- trast to many other dialogue systems, such as task- oriented chat bots, which do not require establish- ing and acting upon a shared understanding of the physical environment and often do not require any … An example of a speech act template for command:m

Strategic website optimisation to enhance customer information experience
CJP Niemand – 2019 – ujcontent.uj.ac.za
… and customers is English and this is also evident in the multiple channels of communication (websites, mobile applications, chat bots, email, etc.). There are however … through smart websites, social media, intelligent chatbots and augmented reality …

AI & Ethics at the Police
F Dechesne, V Dignum, L Zardiashvili, LLMJ Bieger – 2019 – universiteitleiden.nl
… processing large amounts of data (eg from confiscated digital devices, police reports or digitized cold cases), finding case-relevant information to aid investigation and prosecution, providing easier to use services for civilians (eg with interactive forms or chatbots), and generally …

Rhetorical moves and identity performance in online child sexual abuse interactions
E Chiang – 2019 – publications.aston.ac.uk
… Speech act theory 90 ….. Methods 92 ….. Limitations 92 ….. Analysis 93 …

Corpus linguistics for online communication: A guide for research
LC Collins – 2019 – books.google.com
… In the 1960s, Joseph Weizenbaum published details on a program called ELIZA1 (Weizenbaum, 1966) that we might now recognise as a Chatbot and which used relatively simple pattern matching to formulate seemingly appropriate conversational responses …

Semantic and Word-Formation Analysis of Tolkien’s Toponyms-in the English Original and Croatian Translation
Ž Macan, DH Pugar – 2019 – bib.irb.hr
Page 1. Hrvatsko društvo za primijenjenu lingvistiku Croatian Applied Linguistics Society Kroatische Gesellschaft für Angewandte Linguistik Association croate de linguistique appliquée ZNA?ENJE U JEZIKU – OD INDIVIDUALNOGA DO KOLEKTIVNOGA XXXIII …

Artificial Intelligence (AI): Multidisciplinary perspectives on emerging challenges, opportunities, and agenda for research, practice and policy
YK Dwivedi, L Hughes, E Ismagilova, G Aarts… – International Journal of …, 2019 – Elsevier

Linguistic Cues to Faking in Computer Mediated Employment Interviews
M Stuhlman – 2019 – etd.auburn.edu
… expressiveness, diversity, informality, and specificity (Adkins, Burgoon, & Nunamaker, 2004). These can be used for speech act profiling, which is a method of analyzing conversation in regard to how individuals Page 26. 17 go …

The Democratization of Artificial Intelligence: Net Politics in the Era of Learning Algorithms
A Sudmann – 2019 – books.google.com
Page 1. Andreas Sudmann (ed.) THE DEMOCRATIZATION 0F ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Net Politics in the Era of Learning Algorithms [transcript] AI Critique| KI-Kritik Page 2. Andreas Sudmann (ed.) The Democratization of Artificial Intelligence AI Critique| Volume 1 Page 3 …

DEBRE BERHAN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF COMPUTING
Y TESHOME – 2019 – etd.dbu.edu.et
Page 1. i DEBRE BERHAN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF COMPUTING DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS SENTENCE LEVEL OPINION MINING FOR AMHARIC LANGUAGE YODIT TESHOME June 2019 DEBRE BERHAN ETHIOPIA Page 2. ii …

Quality dimensions features for identifying high-quality user replies in text forum threads using classification methods
A Osman, N Salim, F Saeed – PloS one, 2019 – journals.plos.org
… their ranking strategy or nature of the enquiry. In [47], the authors were able to extract the quality user replies using the knowledge of Chatbot from the online discussion forums. The authors identified all the replies that were …

Explanation in human-AI systems: A literature meta-review, synopsis of key ideas and publications, and bibliography for explainable AI
ST Mueller, RR Hoffman, W Clancey, A Emrey… – arXiv preprint arXiv …, 2019 – arxiv.org
Page 1. 1 DARPA XAI Literature Review p. Explanation in Human-AI Systems: A Literature Meta-Review Synopsis of Key Ideas and Publications and Bibliography for Explainable AI Prepared by Task Area 2 Shane T. Mueller Michigan Technical University …

Finite semiotics: A new theory of semiotics with applications to information technology
C Shackell – 2019 – eprints.qut.edu.au
Page 1. FINITE SEMIOTICS: ANEW THEORY OF SEMIOTICS WITH APPLICATIONS TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Cameron Shackell B. Econ., Grad. Dip. Ed., M. Litt. (App. Ling.) Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy …

MULTIVOCAL COMMUNICATION IN THE SOCIAL MEDIA AGE
TC Bajna, L Schmeltz – 2019 – projekter.aau.dk
… relationships, and maintain organizations” (Putnam & Nicotera 2009, e1). Rooted in a variety of theories, such as speech act theory (eg Searle 1969), conversation analysis (eg Sacks et al. 1974), frame analysis (Goffman 1959) and …

Multi-Agent Actor-Critic Reinforcement Learning for Argumentative Dialogue Systems
Y Yang – 2019 – academia.edu
… on the application, dialogue systems can be categorized into two groups: task- oriented systems and non-task-oriented systems (also known as chat bots) [2]. In … ?(mj)) is a tuple of four elements: the identifier of the move j, player of the move pl(mj), the speech act performed in …

Engaging Audiences in Virtual Museums by Interactively Prompting Guiding Questions
Z Zhao – arXiv preprint arXiv:1902.03527, 2019 – arxiv.org
… given context [40]. The Rational Speech Act (RSA) framework models question ask- ing and answering as a Bayesian reasoning process [16, 18], and can provide reasonable explanations of question con- struction. But similar …

First Amendment Protection for Computer Assisted Design Files
MB Turner – 2019 – cdr.lib.unc.edu
Page 1. ii FIRST AMENDMENT PROTECTION FOR COMPUTER ASSISTED DESIGN FILES Mariam Badiei Turner A thesis submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements …