GATE (General Architecture for Text Engineering) & Dialog Systems

Notes:

The General Architecture for Text Engineering (GATE) is an open source software platform for developing and deploying natural language processing (NLP) applications. It is designed to be a flexible and modular platform that can be used to build a wide range of NLP applications, including information extraction, information retrieval, machine translation, and text classification.

GATE includes a range of tools and resources for building and deploying NLP applications, including a graphical user interface (GUI) for creating and testing NLP pipelines, a set of pre-built NLP modules and plugins, and support for integrating with other NLP tools and libraries. It is designed to be easy to use and customize, and can be extended and modified to meet the specific needs of different NLP applications.

GATE is used in a wide range of applications, including research, industry, and government. It is popular in the NLP community due to its flexibility, scalability, and open source nature, and is used by many organizations and individuals to build and deploy NLP applications.

The General Architecture for Text Engineering (GATE) could be used in virtual human systems in a number of ways. One potential use of GATE in virtual human systems is to enable the virtual human to understand and interpret natural language input from users. This could involve using GATE’s natural language processing (NLP) modules and plugins to analyze and understand the meaning and intent behind user inputs, and to generate appropriate responses.

GATE could also be used to build virtual human systems that are able to generate natural language output, such as text or speech. This could involve using GATE’s text generation modules and plugins to create coherent and appropriate responses to user inputs, or to generate descriptions or narratives for virtual human scenarios.

In addition, GATE could be used to integrate virtual human systems with other NLP tools and libraries, or to build custom NLP modules and plugins for use in virtual human systems. This could enable the virtual human to access a wide range of NLP resources and capabilities, and to better understand and respond to user inputs.

Resources:

References:

See also:

JAPE (Java Annotation Patterns Engine) & Dialog Systems

From chatbots to dialog systems
T Klüwer – … agents and natural language interaction: Techniques …, 2011 – igi-global.com
… This architecture sounds similar to the chatbot architecture discussed above, and for this reason chatbots are sometimes referred to as “dialog systems” too; but as we will see there are several crucial differences to a dialog system as it is de- veloped in Computational …

An approach to enhance chatbot semantic power and maintainability: experiences within the FRASI project
A Augello, G Pilato, A Machi… – 2012 IEEE Sixth …, 2012 – ieeexplore.ieee.org
… of information to get, and the kind of results to give [2]. On the other hand Natural Language Dialog Systems (NLDs) are … the botmaster can take advantages from the AIML Bootstrap module and moreover to implement a smart dialogue system, he can … 16] “Gate,” http://gate.ac.uk …

LIDA: lightweight interactive dialogue annotator
E Collins, N Rozanov, B Zhang – arXiv preprint arXiv:1911.01599, 2019 – arxiv.org
… score calculation capabilities are available as separate plug-in https://gate.ac.uk/releases/gate … 3.1.1 Experimenting with Dialogue Systems While generic evaluation metrics are important for understanding … important method of evaluation is to talk to the dialogue system and see …

Coreference Resolution: Task, Linguistic Issues, Corpora, Evaluation
M Strube – michael.kimstrube.de
… net • PALinkA (Orasan, 2003) http://clg.wlv.ac.uk/projects/PALinkA/ • GATE (Cunningham et al., 2002) http://gate.ac.uk/ • maybe also … In Proceedings of the 2nd IJCAI Workshop on Knowledge and Reasoning in Practical Dialogue Systems, Seattle, Wash., 5 August 2001, pp …

FREyA: An interactive way of querying Linked Data using natural language
D Damljanovic, M Agatonovic… – Extended semantic web …, 2011 – Springer
… which has been collected for decades by researching open-domain Question-Answering systems, NLIs to databases, and dialog systems in order … de:5171/sparql 7 Demos showing FREyA answering the QALD-1 challenge questions are available from http://gate.ac.uk/sale/dd …

Doménov?-specifická adaptace NER
B Jakovcheski – 2019 – dspace.cvut.cz
… These tasks are usually required to build more advanced text processing services. 10https://spacy.io/ 11https://gate.ac.uk/ 12http://services.gate.ac.uk/annie/ 13http://opennlp.apache. org/docs/1.8.4/manual/opennlp.html#intro.description 6 Page 27. 1.1 … 1.1.2.6 Chatbot NER …

Combining Expert Knowledge with NLP for Specialised Applications
D Maynard, A Funk – International Conference on Text, Speech, and …, 2020 – Springer
Traditionally, there has been a disconnect between custom-built applications used to solve real-world information extraction problems in industry, and automated learning-based approaches developed in…

An Architecture for Dynamic Conversational Agents for Citizen Participation and Ideation
S Ahmed – researchgate.net
… There are multiple platforms for Named Entity Recognition, most notably GATE1, OpenNLP 2, 1https://gate.ac.uk/ 2https://opennlp.apache.org/ 8 … Slots In the context of Chatbots, Slots are variables a Chatbot requires to perform a specific task … as input to the Chatbot to intent …

SceneMaker: Creative Technology for Digital StoryTelling
N BT37 OQB – paulmckevitt.com
… ACM, New York, 507-510 (2005) 24. Wahlster, W.: Smartkom: Foundations of Multimodal Dialogue Systems. Springer Ver- lag, Berlin/Heidelberg (2006) 25. Final … http://www. gate.ac.uk (Accessed: 11th April, 2016) (2016) 33. Connexor …

Improving the Annotation Efficiency and Effectiveness in the Text Domain
M Zlabinger – European Conference on Information Retrieval, 2019 – Springer
… The second described project is about annotation of questions with the correct answer. For this project, we use questions that were asked to a technical support chat-bot and assign the correct answers based on a static answer catalog …

SentiVoice-a system for querying hotel service reviews via phone
TK Tran – The 2015 IEEE RIVF International Conference on …, 2015 – ieeexplore.ieee.org
… [14] Nhut Pham, Quan Vu, “A Spoken Dialog System for Stock Information Inquiry,” in Proc … [27] Sikorski,T. and Allen, J., A task?based evaluation of the TRAINS-95 dialogue system. In Proc … [36] Websie https://gate.ac.uk/ [37] Website http://www.csie.ntu.edu.tw/~cjlin/libsvm/ 70

Combining the Best of Two Worlds: NLP and IR for Intranet Search
S Adindla, U Kruschwitz – 2011 IEEE/WIC/ACM International …, 2011 – ieeexplore.ieee.org
… In order to employ a dialogue system we would ideally have access to a domain knowledge … This makes our work different from the above mentioned dialogue systems … 2http://entitycube.research. microsoft.com/index.aspx 3http://www.googlewonderwheel.com/ 4http://gate.ac.uk …

Conceiving an application ontology to model patient human papillomavirus vaccine counseling for dialogue management
M Amith, K Roberts, C Tao – BMC bioinformatics, 2019 – bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral …
In the United States and parts of the world, the human papillomavirus vaccine uptake is below the prescribed coverage rate for the population. Some research have noted that dialogue that communicates the risks and benefits, as well as patient concerns, can improve the uptake …

Automatic creation of semantic data about football transfer in sport news
QM Nguyen, TD Cao, TT Nguyen – Proceedings of the 16th International …, 2014 – dl.acm.org
… They also conducted a research on the use of ontology and DBpedia [21] to integrate information from different fields [16]. Smartweb System [4] is a multi-dialog system arising answers from the semantic web services … [10] GATE: https://gate.ac.uk …

A companionable agent
R Catizone, Y Wilks – Conversational Agents and Natural Language …, 2011 – igi-global.com
… Workshop on Dialogue Systems: interaction, adaptation and styles of management, European Chapter of the Association for Compu- tational Linguistics(EACL), Budapest … Annie:http://gate. ac.uk/sale/tao/splitch6 … conversation—usually thought more intelligent than chatbots …

A novel approach for automatic extraction of semantic data about football transfer in sport news
M Steinbauer, M Indrawan-Santiago… – International Journal of …, 2015 – emerald.com
… 2012). Smartweb System (Buitelaar et al., 2006) is a multi-dialog system arising answers from the Semantic Web services. The above systems have achieved positive results, showing the advantages of Semantic Web application …

SceneMaker: Creative technology for digital storytelling
M Akser, B Bridges, G Campo, A Cheddad… – … , Game Creation, Design …, 2016 – Springer
… ACM, New York (2005)Google Scholar. 26. Wahlster, W.: Smartkom: Foundations of Multimodal Dialogue Systems. Springer, Berlin/Heidelberg (2006)CrossRefGoogle Scholar. 27 … Cunningham, H.: General Architecture for Text Engineering (GATE) (2016). http://www.gate.ac.uk …

A Panoramic Survey of Natural Language Processing in the Arab World
K Darwish, N Habash, M Abbas, H Al-Khalifa… – arXiv preprint arXiv …, 2020 – arxiv.org
… 4.2.4 Dialogue Systems … A unique dialogue system from NYUAD explored bilingual interfaces where Arabic speech can be used as input to an English bot … Other works have focused on developing dialog systems for the case of Arabic dialects, eg the publicly available NYUAD …

Implementing spoken language understanding
M McTear, Z Callejas, D Griol – The Conversational Interface, 2016 – Springer
There is a wide range of tools that support various tasks in spoken language, some of which are particularly relevant for processing spoken language understanding in conversational interfaces. Here,…

An introduction to question answering over linked data
C Unger, A Freitas, P Cimiano – Reasoning Web International Summer …, 2014 – Springer
… Give me actors starring in movies directed by Clint Eastwood. – <actors, starring, movies> – <actors/movies, directed, Clint Eastwood> 16. Find me university cities in Japan. – 13 https://gate.ac.uk/ Page 17. 116 C. Unger, A. Freitas, and P. Cimiano …

FRAQUE: a FRAme-based QUEstion-answering system for the Public Administration domain
M Miliani, LC Passaro, A Lenci – Proceedings of the 1st Workshop on …, 2020 – aclweb.org
… Several mu- nicipalities started to adopt Question Answering Systems (QASs), chatbots, and digital … been embedded into a dialogue management system as the QAS of a chat- bot … Management System (DMS) as the question answering component of a chatbot, designed to give …

Natural language processing with java: techniques for building machine learning and neural network models for nlp
RM Reese, AS Bhatia – 2018 – books.google.com
… a Chatbot Chatbot architecture Artificial Linguistic Internet Computer Entity Understanding AIML Developing a chatbot using ALICE … You’ll learn about statistical machine translation, summarization, dialog systems, complex searches, supervised and unsupervised NLP, and other …

High performance natural language processing services on the GARUDA grid
A Tomar, J Bodhankar, P Kurariya… – 2013 National …, 2013 – ieeexplore.ieee.org
… segmentation, optical character recognition, subject predicate relationship extraction, semantic analysis, knowledge acquisition, natural language understanding, text generations, dialogue system, automatic speech … [12] http://www.garudaindia.in/ [13] http://gate.ac.uk/ [14] http …

Sentiment analysis for small and big data
M Thelwall – The SAGE handbook of online research methods, 2016 – books.google.com
Page 373. 20 Sentiment Analysis for Small and Big Data inTroduCTion There are now effective methods to automati- cally detect sentiment in text and these are capable of human-like levels of performance in some contexts …

A Linguistic Approach to Short Query and Answer Systems
DA de Araujo, AR Hentges, S Rigo – … of the XIV Brazilian Symposium on …, 2018 – dl.acm.org
… prova de conceito a partir do núcleo modificado do chatbot ALICE. O protótipo usa um conjunto de módulos que exploram diferentes técnicas de Representação do Conhecimento. A solução apresentada propõe-se a superar as principais restrições dos chatbots baseados em …

Harness big data by iCycle: intelligent computer-supported hybrid collaborative learning environment
H Liu, T Warner, M Iklé, S Mittal – International Journal of …, 2020 – inderscienceonline.com
… Intelligence (AI) methods, intelligent CSCL environments with a conversational agent (aka chatbots) attracted considerable … The BotCaptain is both a web-bot and a chatbot built on the … These tools include GATE (https://gate.ac.uk/), Lightside (http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~cprose …

Supporting domain experts to construct conceptual ontologies: A holistic approach
R Denaux, C Dolbear, G Hart, V Dimitrova… – Journal of Web …, 2011 – Elsevier
JavaScript is disabled on your browser. Please enable JavaScript to use all the features on this page. Skip to main content Skip to article …

KvGR: A Graph-Based Interface for Explorative Sequential Question Answering on Heterogeneous Information Sources
HF Witschel, K Riesen, L Grether – European Conference on Information …, 2020 – Springer
… 2, the field of (Complex) Sequential Question Answering [5, 14] is still rather new. Possibly fuelled by the rise of chatbot technology and the resulting expectations of users, it claims that a more interactive approach to both fields will better meet user needs …

Data Mining and Query Answer techniques applied to a bio-nutritional trials focused Expert System
D Ria?o – … Research and Development: Proceedings of the …, 2012 – books.google.com
… For this, a dialog system has been built, in which a user is able to ask for some information or action in its own language and, the system, using data mining and SPARQL mechanisms built upon the asked questions, returns concrete and reliable answers based on the …

Bernhard G. Humm, Hermann Bense, Mario Classen, Stefan Geißler, Thomas Hoppe, Oliver Juwig, Adrian Paschke
R Schäfermeier – melaniesiegel.de
… importance in recent years. ChatBots, especially with natural language pro- cessing (NLP), can still be regarded as a field of experimentation in the insurance sector. They are currently limited to automated FAQs. Other AI- based …

Big data driven natural language processing research and applications
VN Gudivada, D Rao, VV Raghavan – Handbook of Statistics, 2015 – Elsevier
… These results are used in other tasks such as co-reference resolution, word-sense disambiguation, semantic parsing, question answering, dialog systems, textual entailment, information extraction, information retrieval, and text summarization …

Semantic Web Empowered E-Tourism
K Angele, D Fensel, E Huaman, E Kärle… – Handbook of e …, 2020 – Springer
… bypassed. Furthermore, Google is certainly not the only player in this game. The current hype is focused around chatbots and Intelligent Personal Assistants, which are targeting this new access layer on top of the web. Alexa …

Towards ontology-based question answering in vague domains
P Alexopoulos, A Walker… – … on Semantic and …, 2014 – ieeexplore.ieee.org
… 4http://www.gate.ac.uk 30 Page 6 … Heraklion, Greece, 2012. [24] P. Alexopoulos and JM Gomez-Perez, “Interactive Acquisi- tion of Fuzzy Ontological Knowledge in Dialogue Systems.” in K-CAP, VR Benjamins, M. d’Aquin, and A. Gordon, Eds. ACM, 2013, pp. 133–134. 31

AI Blueprints: How to build and deploy AI business projects
J Eckroth – 2018 – books.google.com
… Chapter 7, A Blueprint for Understanding Queries and Generating Responses, shows how to build and deploy an automated helpdesk chatbot. Using the Rasa Python library and Prolog coding, two custom chatbots are developed that examine the user’s question and construct …

Appellate Court Modifications Extraction for Portuguese
WPD Fernandes, LJS Silva, IZ Frajhof… – Artificial Intelligence and …, 2019 – Springer
Page 1. Vol.:(0123456789) Artificial Intelligence and Law (2020) 28:327–360 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10506-019-09256-x 1 3 ORIGINAL RESEARCH Appellate Court Modifications Extraction for Portuguese William Paulo Ducca …

An Urdu semantic tagger-lexicons, corpora, methods and tools
J Shafi – 2019 – eprints.lancs.ac.uk
… [65], software engineering [227], empirical language analysis [171], requirements engineering [182], historical semantic analysis via HTST 1.1 [166], to train a Chatbot [218], and several others [23, 214]. Moreover, USAS [180] has been ported previously …

From NL preference expressions to comparative preference statements: A preliminary study in eliciting preferences for customised decision support
S Kaci, N Patel, V Prince – 2014 IEEE 26th International …, 2014 – ieeexplore.ieee.org
… It is aimed at creating a human-computer written dialogue system, containing short and to the point conversation transcripts about yellow-pages directory enquiries, in a non-digital format … 6An open-source text engineering environment (http://gate.ac.uk) 597 596 Page 7 …

Extracting, Annotating and Reasoning about Time and Space in Texts and Discourse
G Ligozat – 2011 – ssdnm.mimuw.edu.pl
Page 1. Wydzia? Matematyki i Informatyki Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu ?rodowiskowe Studia Doktoranckie z Nauk Matematycznych Extracting, Annotating and Reasoning about Time and Space in Texts and Discourse Gérard Ligozat …

Automated quality assurance of non-functional requirements for testability
A Rashwan – 2015 – spectrum.library.concordia.ca
Page 1. AUTOMATED QUALITY ASSURANCE OF NON-FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR TESTABILITY ABDERAHMAN RASHWAN A THESIS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND SOFTWARE ENGINEERING …

Model of Access to Natural Language Sources in Electronic Government
MJF Rodrigues – 2015 – core.ac.uk
Page 1. Universidade de Aveiro 2013 Departamento de Eletrónica, Telecomunicações e Informática Mário Jorge Ferreira Rodrigues Modelo de Acesso a Fontes em Linguagem Natural no Governo Eletrónico Model of Access …

Knowledge Graphs
D Fensel, U ?im?ek, K Angele, E Huaman, E Kärle… – 2020 – Springer
… We explain how inference can be used to define views on such a graph, making it a useful resource for open and service-oriented dialog systems. The proof of the pudding is in the eating … 83 3.4 Open and Service-Oriented Dialog Systems …

Approaches to natural language processing in app development
C Djoweini, H Hellberg – 2018 – diva-portal.org
Page 1. IN DEGREE PROJECT COMPUTER ENGINEERING, FIRST CYCLE, 15 CREDITS , STOCKHOLM SWEDEN 2018 Approaches to natural language processing in app- development CAMRAN DJOWEINI HENRIETTA HELLBERG …

The roles and recognition of haptic-ostensive actions in collaborative multimodal human–human dialogues
L Chen, M Javaid, B Di Eugenio, M Žefran – Computer Speech & Language, 2015 – Elsevier
… 2. Related work. Research on spoken dialogue systems has been progressing for at least forty years, and many systems exist, from prototypes to commercial strength (please see Tur and De Mori, 2011 for a recent overview) …

Natural language processing for social media
AA Farzindar, D Inkpen – Synthesis Lectures on Human …, 2020 – morganclaypool.com
… Data-Intensive Text Processing with MapReduce Jimmy Lin and Chris Dyer 2010 Semantic Role Labeling Martha Palmer, Daniel Gildea, and Nianwen Xue 2010 Spoken Dialogue Systems Kristiina Jokinen and Michael McTear 2009 Page 9. vii …

Intuitive ontology authoring using controlled natural language
R Denaux – 2013 – etheses.whiterose.ac.uk
… 156 10 Page 11. CONTENTS 5.2.4 Functional View: General Dialogue Pipeline . . . . . 157 5.2.5 Implementation of Dialogue Systems . . . . . 158 … 156 5.3 Main functional and informational components of a dialogue system.159 …

Health analytics
A Makhlysheva, A Budrionis… – … Center for E-health …, 2018 – ehealthresearch.no
Page 1. Makhlysheva A., Budrionis A., Chomutare T., Nordsletta AT, Bakkevoll PA, Henriksen T., Hurley JS, Bellika JG, Blixgård H., Godtliebsen F., Skrøvseth SO, Solvoll T., Linstad L. Health Analytics REPORT 04/2018 Page 2. Health Analytics Report number 04-2018 …

A Multiagent System Approach for Emotion-based
HPG Costa – 2012 – Citeseer
… Even chatbot technology has recently seen a renewed and rising interest with Existor4 and the chatting software developed by Cleverbot5 and Tayasui6. However, personalised, contextualised and emotional Multiagent Systems, that implements a RS and also integrates …

Knowledge Acquisition Framework from Unstructured Biomedical Knowledge Sources
DA Ayele – 2016 – tel.archives-ouvertes.fr
Page 1. HAL Id: tel-02087577 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-02087577 Submitted on 18 Oct 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- entific research documents, whether they are pub- lished or not …

WOP 2014
SW Patterns – 2014 – Citeseer
Page 1. WOP 2014 5th Workshop on Ontology and Semantic Web Patterns Co-located with ISWC2014 Riva del Garda, Italy – October 19th 2014 Edited By: Victor de Boer, VU University Amsterdam, NL Aldo Gangemi, Université …

Introduction to The Roles of Natural Language and XML in the Semantic Web
W Lenders – Computational Linguistics and Beyond – ling.sinica.edu.tw
… Taipei. The workshop1 covered a wide range of topics in which both NLP and XML were central: XML-based NLP tools, corpus annotation standards, XML in document generation, XML in spoken dialogue systems. Whereas …

A comparative survey of recent natural language interfaces for databases
K Affolter, K Stockinger, A Bernstein – The VLDB Journal, 2019 – Springer
Over the last few years, natural language interfaces (NLI) for databases have gained significant traction both in academia and industry. These systems use.

Semantic web search using natural language
I Habernal – 2012 – core.ac.uk
… SLU is a part of Spoken Human-Computer Dialogue system and its role is to robustly interpret the meanings of users … a general characterisation of NLI can also cover Question Answering (QA) or a part of Spoken Human-computer Dialogue Systems (see next … 5http://gate.ac.uk …

Vyhledávání v Sémantickém webu použitím p?irozeného jazyka
I Habernal – 2012 – dspace5.zcu.cz
… SLU is a part of Spoken Human-Computer Dialogue system and its role is to robustly interpret the meanings of users … a general characterisation of NLI can also cover Question Answering (QA) or a part of Spoken Human-computer Dialogue Systems (see next … 5http://gate.ac.uk …

Narrative information extraction with non-linear natural language processing pipelines
JV Vargas – 2017 – core.ac.uk
… Computational narrative is also a key element in some of the latest trends around digital assistants such as Apple’s Siri2, Amazon’s Alexa3 and Facebook’s chatbots4 as a novel communication mech- anism to engage with their customers …

Automatic generation of factual questions from video documentaries
Y Skalban – 2013 – wlv.openrepository.com
… identification, and (4) question construction. Question Generation is an important component in dialogue systems, virtual environments, and learning technologies such as Intelligent Tutoring Systems, inquiry-based environments, and instructional games.” …

A pragmatic guide to geoparsing evaluation
M Gritta, MT Pilehvar, N Collier – Language resources and evaluation, 2019 – Springer
… Note that the event did not take place in Armenia but the Vatican, potentially identifying the wrong event location. 5 https://spacy.io/usage/ and http://corenlp.run/. 6 http://services.gate.ac.uk/annie/ and IBM NLP Cloud in Table 2. A pragmatic guide to geoparsing evaluation 693 …

Stance detection: A survey
D Küçük, F Can – ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), 2020 – dl.acm.org
Page 1. 12 Stance Detection: A Survey DILEK KÜÇÜK, TÜB?TAK Energy Institute, Ankara, Turkey FAZLI CAN, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey Automatic elicitation of semantic information from natural language texts is an important …

Natural language processing for social media
A Farzindar, D Inkpen – Synthesis Lectures on Human …, 2015 – morganclaypool.com
… Semantic Role Labeling Martha Palmer, Daniel Gildea, and Nianwen Xue 2010 Spoken Dialogue Systems Kristiina Jokinen and Michael McTear 2009 Introduction to Chinese Natural Language Processing Kam-Fai Wong, Wenjie Li, Ruifeng Xu, and Zheng-sheng Zhang 2009 …

Representation of case law for argumentative reasoning
LM Al Abdulkarim, LM Al-Abdulkarim – 2017 – livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk
… Dialogue systems were originally introduced into AI and Law as a way of modelling legal procedures [70], and more recently for legal reasoning [107] or for exploring particular legal phenomena such as burden of proof [71, 109] …

The Information structure-prosody interface: on the role of hierarchical thematicity in an empirically-grounded model
M Domínguez Bajo – 2017 – tdx.cat
Page 1. The Information Structure–Prosody Interface On the Role of Hierarchical Thematicity in an Empirically-grounded Model M´onica Dom?nguez Bajo TESI DOCTORAL UPF / ANY 2017 DIRECTORS DE LA TESI Dr. Leo Wanner i Dr. Mireia Farrús …

Natural language processing for social media
A Farzindar, D Inkpen – Synthesis Lectures on Human …, 2017 – morganclaypool.com
… Semantic Role Labeling Martha Palmer, Daniel Gildea, and Nianwen Xue 2010 Spoken Dialogue Systems Kristiina Jokinen and Michael McTear 2009 Introduction to Chinese Natural Language Processing Kam-Fai Wong, Wenjie Li, Ruifeng Xu, and Zheng-sheng Zhang 2009 …

Geocoding Disambiguation for Online Forum Discussion Thread
F Zhang – 2015 – etda.libraries.psu.edu
… discussion thread. Figure 2-2.The geoparsing result of OpenCalais with a sample discussion thread 2https://opennlp.apache.org/ 3 http://www.opencalais.com/ 4 https://developer.yahoo.com/ boss/geo/ 5 https://gate.ac.uk/ Page 21. 13 2.3 Geocoding Disambiguation …

Natural language generation in the context of the semantic web
N Bouayad-Agha, G Casamayor, L Wanner – Semantic Web, 2014 – content.iospress.com
Page 1. Semantic Web 5 (2014) 493–513 493 DOI 10.3233/SW-130125 IOS Press Natural Language Generation in the context of the Semantic Web Editor(s): Philipp Cimiano, Universität Bielefeld, Germany Solicited review …