Metaphor-based Reasoning – Meta-Guide.com

Notes:

Metaphor-based reasoning is a type of reasoning that involves using metaphors, or comparisons between two seemingly unrelated things, to understand or solve a problem. This type of reasoning is based on the idea that by finding and analyzing the underlying similarities between two things, we can gain insights into their meaning or structure, and use this knowledge to inform our thinking or decision-making.

Metaphor-based reasoning is often used as a way of making complex or abstract ideas more accessible and intuitive. For example, a scientist might use a metaphor to explain a difficult scientific concept to a lay audience, by comparing it to a more familiar and relatable phenomenon. By highlighting the similarities between the two things, the metaphor can help the audience to understand the concept more easily and intuitively.

Metaphor-based reasoning is also used in a variety of other contexts, such as problem-solving, decision-making, and creativity. By using metaphors to explore different aspects of a problem or challenge, we can gain new insights and perspectives, and come up with creative and innovative solutions.

A semantic reasoner is a type of artificial intelligence program that is able to reason about and manipulate the meaning of language. It is a form of knowledge representation and reasoning that uses formal logical principles and methods to represent and analyze the meaning of language.

Semantic reasoners are often used in natural language processing, a subfield of artificial intelligence that focuses on the development of algorithms and models that can understand and interpret human language. Semantic reasoners are able to analyze the meaning of sentences and phrases, and to infer new information or relationships based on that meaning.

Metaphor-based reasoning is closely related to semantic reasoning, as it involves using language and meaning to understand and explain complex concepts or ideas. However, metaphor-based reasoning goes beyond the simple analysis of language and meaning, and focuses on the use of metaphors and other non-literal forms of language to explore and understand complex ideas. Both semantic reasoning and metaphor-based reasoning are important tools for understanding and interpreting language, and for developing intelligent systems that can understand and interact with humans in a natural and intuitive way.

Wikipedia:

Semantic reasoner

An implemented context system that combines belief reasoning, metaphor-based reasoning and uncertainty handling [PDF] from psu.eduJ Barnden… – Modeling and Using Context, 1999 – Springer Abstract. An implemented context-based reasoning system called ATT-Meta is sketched. The system can perform both reasoning about beliefs of agents and metaphor-based reasoning. In particular, it can perform metaphor-based reaso- ning about beliefs and reasoning acts. … Cited by 27 – Related articles – BL Direct – All 9 versions

Combining uncertain belief reasoning and uncertain metaphor-based reasoning [PDF] from psu.eduJA Barnden – Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Conference …, 1998 – books.google.com Combining Uncertain Belief Reasoning and Uncertain Metaphor-Based Reasoning John A. Barnden (JA Barnden@ cs. bham. ac. uk) School of Computer Science, The University of Birmingham Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom Abstract An implemented AI reasoning system … Cited by 22 – Related articles – All 5 versions

Understanding open-ended usages of familiar conceptual metaphors: An approach and artificial intelligence system JA Barnden… – 2001 – Citeseer … 12, Combining uncertain belief reasoning and uncertain metaphor-based reasoning – Barnden – 1998. … 10, An implemented context system that combines belief reasoning, metaphor-based reasoning and uncertainty handling – Barnden, Lee – 1999. … Cited by 29 – Related articles – Cached – BL Direct – All 2 versions

Combining simulative and metaphor-based reasoning about beliefs J Barnden, S Helmreich, E Iverson… – In Procs. 16th Annual …, 1994 – Citeseer An unprecedented combination of simulative and metaphor-based reasoning about beliefs is achieved in an AI system, ATT-Meta. Much mundane discourse about beliefs uses conceptual metaphors (eg, MIND AS CONTAINER) productively, and ATTMeta ‘s metaphor-based … Cited by 12 – Related articles – Cached – All 2 versions

An implemented system for metaphor-based reasoning, with special application to reasoning about agents [PDF] from psu.eduJ Barnden – Computation for metaphors, analogy, and agents, 1999 – Springer Abstract. An implemented system called ATT-Meta (named for propo- sitional ATTitudes and Metaphor) is sketched. It performs a type of metaphor-based reasoning. Although it relies on built-in knowledge of specific metaphors, where a metaphor is a conceptual view of one … Cited by 7 – Related articles – BL Direct – All 7 versions

Metaphor and common-sense reasoning [PDF] from dtic.milJG Carbonell – 1983 – DTIC Document Page 1. M ill! and ComonStns W) 8OfIn jaimg C Carbonefl and Sloven Miton FSMarchi 19WS DEPARTMENT COMPUTER SCIENCE DepEET AULEte * Calrneie MellonU. 83 08160* Page 2. CNU-CS-8 3- 11.0 Metaphor and Common-Sense Reasoning … Cited by 36 – Related articles – Library Search – All 9 versions

Reasoning in metaphor understanding: The ATT-Meta approach and system [PDF] from upenn.eduJ Barnden, S Glasbey, M Lee… – Proceedings of the 19th …, 2002 – portal.acm.org … References Barnden, JA (1998a) Combining uncertain belief reasoning and uncertain metaphor-based reasoning. In “Procs. … Barnden, JA and Lee, MG (1999) An implemented context system that combines belief reasoning, metaphor-based reasoning and uncertainty handling. … Cited by 16 – Related articles – All 18 versions

Body-based reasoning using a feeling-based lexicon, mental imagery, and an object-oriented metaphor hierarchy [PDF] from psu.eduE Berkowitz… – Advances in Artificial Intelligence, 2001 – Springer … original input. 1 Introduction This paper describes a system that uses body-based metaphor interpretation and the hierarchical nature of embodied metaphor to perform metaphor-based reasoning on abstract concepts. The system … Cited by 6 – Related articles – BL Direct – All 9 versions

[CITATION] An artificial intelligence approach to metaphor understanding JA Barnden… – Theoria et Historia Scientiarum, 2002 Cited by 13 – Related articles

Uncertainty and conflict handling in the ATT-Meta context-based system for metaphorical reasoning [PDF] from psu.eduJ Barnden – Modeling and Using Context, 2001 – Springer … 1. Barnden, JA (1998). Combining uncertain belief reasoning and uncertain metaphor-based reasoning. In Procs. … 3. Barnden, JA & Lee, MG (1999). An implemented context system that com- bines belief reasoning, metaphor-based reasoning and uncertainty handling. … Cited by 19 – Related articles – BL Direct – All 10 versions

Artificial intelligence and metaphors of mind: within-vehicle reasoning and its benefits JA Barnden, S Helmreich, E Iverson… – Metaphor and …, 1996 – Taylor & Francis … To claim that (on-the-fly) WVR can be useful may not seem startling. How- ever, most technically detailed work on metaphor-based reasoning fails to address it. … Such interdomain differences complicate the question of metaphor-based reasoning. Page 16. … Cited by 37 – Related articles – Library Search – BL Direct – All 4 versions

[BOOK] An integrated implementation of simulative, uncertain and metaphorical reasoning about mental states [PDF] from psu.eduJA Barnden… – 1994 – Citeseer … Eric Iverson & Gees C. Stein Abstract An unprecedented combination of simula- tive and metaphor based reasoning about be- liefs is achieved in an AI system, ATT-Meta. Much mundane … it]. 3.2 METAPHOR-BASED REASONING We … Cited by 29 – Related articles – View as HTML – Library Search – All 8 versions

[PDF] Metaphor based reasoning for software agents and heterogeneous robots using body based feeling sequences [PDF] from psu.eduE Berkowitz – 2000 – Citeseer Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Science in the Graduate College of the Illinois Institute of Technology … 1.1 Problem Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 A Small Example . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . … Cited by 4 – Related articles – View as HTML – Library Search – All 3 versions

[PDF] Varieties and directions of interdomain influence in metaphor [PDF] from psu.eduJA Barnden, SR Glasbey, MG Lee… – Metaphor and Symbol, 2004 – Citeseer Page 1. Varieties and Directions of Inter-Domain Influence in Metaphor John A. Barnden, Sheila R. Glasbey, Mark G. Lee & Alan M. Wallington School of Computer Science; University of Birmingham Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom … Cited by 42 – Related articles – View as HTML – BL Direct – All 4 versions

Domain-transcending mappings in a system for metaphorical reasoning [PDF] from upenn.eduJA Barnden, SR Glasbey, MG Lee… – Proceedings of the …, 2003 – portal.acm.org … Barnden, JA & MG Lee. 1999. An implemented context system that combines belief reasoning, metaphor-based reasoning and uncertainty han- dling. In P. Bouquet, P. Brezillon & L. Serafini (Eds), Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, 1688, pp. 28-41. Springer. … Cited by 23 – Related articles – All 18 versions

Computation for metaphors, analogy and agents C Nehaniv – Computation for metaphors, analogy, and agents, 1999 – Springer … John A. Barnden [2] describes an implemented system for metaphor-based reasoning with special application to reasoning about agents. … 7 2. John A. Barnden, An Implemented System for Metaphor-Based Reasoning with Special Application to Reasoning about Agents. … Cited by 20 – Related articles – Library Search – All 7 versions

[CITATION] Combining Simulative and Metaphor-Based Reasoning about Beliefs. Procs JA Barnden, S Helmreich, E Iverson… – 16th Annual Conference of the …, 1994 Cited by 2 – Related articles

The utility of reversed transfers in metaphor [PDF] from psu.eduJA Barnden – Proceedings of the Twenty-third Annual …, 2001 – books.google.com … The system’s metaphor-based reasoning is thoroughly integrated into a general-purpose framework for qualita- tively uncertain reasoning. … & Lee, MG (1999). An imple- mented context system that combines belief reasoning, metaphor-based reasoning and uncertainty handling. … Cited by 9 – Related articles – All 8 versions

[PDF] Mental metaphors from the Master Metaphor List: Empirical examples and the application of the ATT-Meta system [PDF] from psu.eduMG Lee… – COGNITIVE SCIENCE RESEARCH PAPERS- …, 2001 – Citeseer Page 1. 1 Mental Metaphors from the Master Metaphor List: Empirical Examples and the Application of the ATT-Meta System Mark G. Lee & John A. Barnden School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham {mgl; jab}@cs.bham.ac.uk 1. Introduction … Cited by 12 – Related articles – View as HTML – BL Direct – All 7 versions

[HTML] Metaphorical reasoning with an economical set of mappings [HTML] from scielo.brAM Wallington, JA Barnden, SR Glasbey… – … de Estudos em …, 2004 – SciELO Brasil … Metaphor and Symbol 19.1. [ Links ]. _____ & MG LEE. 1999. An implemented context system that combines belief reasoning, metaphor-based reasoning and uncertainty handling. In P. BOUQUET, P. BREZILLON & L. SERAFINI, Eds. … Cited by 13 – Related articles – Cached – Library Search – BL Direct – All 7 versions

Computational mechanisms for metaphor in languages: a survey [PDF] from ict.ac.cnCL Zhou, Y Yang… – Journal of Computer Science and …, 2007 – Springer … 3.1.5 Metaphor Inference System Barnden[43] develops a context-based reasoning sys- tem called ATT-Meta which can perform both belief rea- soning and metaphor-based reasoning. ATT-Meta is a rule-based and goal-driven reasoning system. … Cited by 10 – Related articles – BL Direct – All 4 versions

BELIEF IN METAPHOR: TAKING COMMONSENSE PSYCHOLOGY SERIOUSLY1 JA Barnden – Computational Intelligence, 1992 – Wiley Online Library … That is, A1 systems need to do metaphor-based reasoning about mental states of agents, and the observance of this need leads to a system that is a radical departure from conventional schemes for representing mental states.* At the same time, the paper makes a claim that … Cited by 15 – Related articles – BL Direct – All 2 versions

Towards more flexible and common-sensical reasoning about beliefs [PS] from psu.eduG Stein… – Proceedings of the 1995 AAAI Spring Symposium …, 1995 – aaai.org … It combines metaphor-based reasoning and simulative reasoning to reason about discourse coherence in certain specialized ways. … It can also ascribe its simulative reasoning and its metaphor-based reasoning to other agents, to any degree of nesting. … Cited by 6 – Related articles – All 6 versions

Uncertain reasoning about agents’ beliefs and reasoning [PDF] from ufsc.brJA Barnden – Artificial Intelligence and Law, 2001 – Springer … 3 “ATT-Meta” stands for “[propositional] attitudes” and “metaphor”. There is no connection to the AT&T company! ATT-Meta’s capability for metaphor-based reasoning is not described here – see Barnden et al. (1994, 1996) and Barnden (1998a, b). Page 5. … Cited by 21 – Related articles – BL Direct – All 7 versions

[CITATION] An implemented context system that combines belief reasoning JA Barnden… – Metaphor-Based Reasoning and Uncertainty Handling, … Cited by 5 – Related articles

Metaphor, semantic preferences and context-sensitivity [PDF] from psu.eduJA Barnden – Words and Intelligence II, 2007 – Springer Page 1. 2 Metaphor, Semantic Preferences and Context-Sensitivity John A. Barnden School of Computer Science; University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom 2.1 Introduction In this chapter, the main reference point in Yorick Wilks’s work is Wilks (1978). … Cited by 8 – Related articles – All 7 versions

[PDF] We are live creatures: Embodiment, American pragmatism, and the cognitive organism [PDF] from psu.eduM Johnson… – Body, language, and mind, 2007 – Citeseer Page 1. Final Draft: We Are Live Creatures (c) 2003-2007 Johnson & Rohrer In Body, Language, and Mind, v. 1, 17-54 Please check published version for pagination when quoting 1 of 26 We Are Live Creatures: Embodiment, American Pragmatism, and the Cognitive Organism … Cited by 48 – Related articles – View as HTML – All 7 versions

[PDF] Metaphor and artificial intelligence: Why they matter to each other [PDF] from psu.eduJA Barnden – The Cambridge handbook of metaphor and thought, 2008 – Citeseer … is a student. The system’s metaphor-based reasoning is thoroughly integrated into a general-purpose rule-based frame- work for uncertain reasoning using qualitative uncertainty measures. ATT-Meta’s reasoning both in source- … Cited by 9 – Related articles – View as HTML – Library Search – All 5 versions

Obesity metaphors: how beliefs about the causes of obesity affect support for public policy [PDF] from nutrociencia.com.brCL Barry, VL Brescoll, KD Brownell… – Milbank …, 2009 – Wiley Online Library … policies. Our overarching goal was to apply a general theory of metaphor-based reasoning to a newly emerging policy concern: the “obesity epidemic” in America. We tested three hypotheses: Hypothesis 1. The respondents … Cited by 31 – Related articles – All 15 versions

Artificial Intelligence, figurative language and cognitive linguistics [DOC] from bham.ac.ukJA Barnden – Cognitive Linguistics: Current Application and …, 2006 – books.google.com … is a student. The system’s metaphor-based reasoning is thoroughly integrated into a general-purpose, query-directed, rule-based framework for uncertain rea- soning using qualitative uncertainty measures. ATT-Meta’s reasoning … Cited by 9 – Related articles – BL Direct – All 4 versions

Consciousness and common-sense metaphors of mind [PDF] from psu.eduJA Barnden – Two sciences of mind: Readings in cognitive …, 1997 – books.google.com Page 329. Consciousness and Common-Sense Metaphors of Mind1 John A. Barnden Computing Research Laboratory and Computer Science Department New Mexico State University 1. Introduction At the workshop on which … Cited by 31 – Related articles – All 6 versions

Metaphor, semantic preferences and context-sensitivity’, Invited chapter for a Festschrifft volume JA Barnden – 2006 – Citeseer … 19, Processing metaphor and metonymy – Fass – 1997. 13, Relevance: Communication and Cognition (2nd edition – Sperber, Wilson – 1995. 12, Combining uncertain belief reasoning and uncertain metaphor-based reasoning – Barnden – 1998. … Cited by 2 – Related articles – Cached – All 2 versions

Automatic metaphor interpretation as a paraphrasing task [PDF] from rug.nlE Shutova – Human Language Technologies: The 2010 Annual …, 2010 – portal.acm.org … Within both systems the authors developed a metaphor-based reasoning framework in accordance with the theory of concep- tual metaphor. The reasoning process relies on man- ually coded knowledge about the world and operates mainly in the source domain. … Cited by 3 – Related articles – All 11 versions

BODY, MIND, AND SOUL IN THE GULF WAR DEBATE1 FA Beer… – The theory and practice of political …, 1996 – books.google.com … Just as one can talk of case-based, model-based, rule-based, explanation-based and other forms of reasoning as general approaches to problem solving and planning, so it is also possible to think of metaphor-based reasoning in these terms (cf. … Cited by 5 – Related articles – All 2 versions

Tiny ethics for big challenges: calling for an ethics of nanoscale science and technology [PDF] from virginia.eduRW Berne – Circuits and Devices Magazine, IEEE, 2004 – ieeexplore.ieee.org … He sites the now-infamous 1978 Pinto case as a sad example of how our conventional ethics reasoning failed us by replacing metaphor-based reasoning with the illusion of an infallible source of moral reasoning-that of rule-based cost benefit calculations. … Cited by 4 – Related articles – All 6 versions

[CITATION] Consequences for Language Learning of an AI Approach to Metaphor [PDF] from psu.eduJA Barnden – Usos Sociales del Lenguaje y Aspectos …, 2006 Cited by 3 – Related articles – All 4 versions

Artificial Intelligence, Mindreading, and Reasoning in Law JA Barnden… – Cardozo L. Rev., 2000 – HeinOnline Page 1. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, MINDREADING, AND REASONING IN LAW John A. Barnden* & Donald M. Peterson** Introduction One aspect of legal reasoning is the act of working out another party’s mental states (their … Cited by 2 – Related articles – BL Direct – All 4 versions

Unconscious gaps in Jackendoff’s” How language helps us think”? JA Barnden – Pragmatics &# 38; Cognition, 1996 – ingentaconnect.com … San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 27-38. Barnden, JA, Helmreich, S., Iverson, E., and Stein, GC 1994b. “Combining simulative and metaphor-based reasoning about beliefs”. In Proceedings of the 16th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. … Cited by 2 – Related articles – BL Direct – All 2 versions

[CITATION] Reasoning about mixed metaphors within an implemented artificial intelligence system MG Lee… – Metaphor and Symbol, 2001 – Psychology Press Cited by 2 – Related articles – BL Direct

[PDF] Temporal metaphors in discourse [PDF] from psu.eduSR Glasbey, JA Barnden, MG Lee… – … OF BIRMINGHAM CSRP, 2004 – Citeseer Page 1. 1 Temporal Metaphors in Discourse SR Glasbey, JA Barnden, MG Lee, AM Wallington * School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom. {SRGlasbey,JABarnden,MGLee,AMWallington}@cs.bham.ac.uk … Cited by 2 – Related articles – View as HTML – Library Search – BL Direct – All 4 versions

Truth, metaphor and counterfactual meaning [PDF] from bham.ac.ukM Lee – Tropical Truth (s): The Epistemology of Metaphor and …, 2010 – books.google.com … References Barnden, John A, Mark G. Lee:”An implemented context system that combines belief reasoning, metaphor-based reasoning and uncertainty handling”, in: Proceedings Of the Second International and Interdisciplinary Conference on Modelling and Using Context … Cited by 1 – Related articles – All 4 versions

[CITATION] What Linguistics Can Tell Us about Affirmative Action Discourse JD Patent – Texas linguistic forum, 2000 – Austin; University of Texas; 1998 Cited by 1 – Related articles – BL Direct – All 2 versions

Models of Metaphor in NLP [PDF] from aclweb.orgE Shutova – Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting of the …, 2010 – portal.acm.org … Within both systems the authors developed a metaphor-based reasoning framework in accor- dance with the theory of conceptual metaphor. The reasoning process relies on manually coded knowledge about the world and operates mainly in the source domain. … Cited by 1 – Related articles – All 9 versions

Metaphor, Self-Reflection, and the Nature of Mind JA Barnden – Visions of mind: architectures for cognition and …, 2005 – books.google.com … Barnden, 2001). This has been applied largely to the special case of metaphor-based reasoning about mental states. For example, it can trace through implications of two ideas being Copyright(c) 2005, Idea Group Inc. Copying … Cited by 1 – Related articles – All 6 versions

[PDF] A computational approach to conceptual blending within counterfactuals [PDF] from psu.eduM Lee… – COGNITIVE SCIENCE RESEARCH PAPERS- …, 2001 – Citeseer … This analysis is implemented in an artificial intelligence reasoning system. The system, called ATT-Meta, was originally designed for uncertain metaphor-based reasoning (and belief reasoning), and was applied without modification to the task of verification of counter- factuals. … Cited by 1 – Related articles – View as HTML – BL Direct – All 5 versions

[RTF] Open-ended metaphorical reasoning, HCI and the ATT-Meta approach [RTF] from bham.ac.ukJA Barnden, SR Glasbey, MG Lee… – COGNITIVE SCIENCE …, 2004 – cs.bham.ac.uk … Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Barnden, JA (1998). Combining uncertain belief reasoning and uncertain metaphor-based reasoning. In MA Gernsbacher & SJ Derry (Eds), Procs. Twentieth Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, pp.114-119. … Cited by 1 – Related articles – View as HTML – Library Search – BL Direct

[PDF] Grounded concept development using introspective atoms [PDF] from psu.eduE Berkowitz… – Proceedings of the Fourteenth Midwest …, 2003 – Citeseer … Berkowitz, EG 2000. Metaphor-Based Reasoning for Software Agents and Heterogeneous Robots Using Body- Based Feeling Sequences. Ph.D. Dissertation, Depart- ment of Computer Science Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL. Berkowitz, EG 2001. … Cited by 1 – Related articles – View as HTML – All 9 versions

[PDF] Asymmetry and Reverse Transfers in Metaphor [PDF] from psu.eduJA Barnden, SR Glasbey, MG Lee… – … OF BIRMINGHAM CSRP, 2002 – Citeseer Page 1. Asymmetry and Reverse Transfers in Metaphor John A. Barnden, Sheila R. Glasbey, Mark G. Lee & Alan M. Wallington School of Computer Science; University of Birmingham Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom … Cited by 1 – Related articles – View as HTML – BL Direct – All 6 versions

[PDF] Does Gaming Lead to Cheating? A Model of Gaming to Cheating [PDF] from psu.eduJT Walz, OV Griego… – Journal of College and Character, 2007 – Citeseer … George S. Babbes is Professor of Marketing at Azusa Pacific University¹s Graduate School of Business. He studies the impact of metaphor-based reasoning on decision making. He recently co-authored The Minister¹s MBA, B&H Publishing Group. … Cited by 1 – Related articles – View as HTML – All 4 versions

Combining Simulative and Metaphor-Based Reasoning about Beliefs [PDF] from psu.eduJABSH Eric… – … of the sixteenth annual conference of …, 1994 – books.google.com Combining Simulative and Metaphor-Based Reasoning about Beliefs John A. Barnden Stephen Helmreich Eric Iverson Gees C. Stein Computing Research Lab &; Computer Science Dept New Mexico State University Las Cruces, NM 88003-8001 {jbarnden, shelmrei, iverson, … Related articles – All 5 versions

[PDF] Metaphor, Self-Reflection and the Nature of Mind (extended abstract of proposed chapter for “Visions of Mind: Architectures for Cognition and Affect”) [PDF] from hull.ac.ukJA Barnden – dcs.hull.ac.uk … 1994, Lee & Barnden 2001). This has in fact been applied largely to the special case of metaphor-based reasoning about mental states. For example, it can trace … Barnden, JA (1998). Combining uncertain belief reasoning and uncertain metaphor-based reasoning. In Procs. … Related articles – View as HTML

[PDF] A Computational Model of Metaphoric Reasoning About Action and Event Descriptions [PDF] from psu.eduS Narayanan, FDD Bailey, D Jurafsky, L Shastri… – 2007 – Citeseer … inferences consistent with the input. Subjects: metaphor-based reasoning, commonsense reasoning, discourse reasoning, reasoning about actions and events, metaphors of events. Acknowledgments: Jerry Feldman and George … Related articles – View as HTML – All 3 versions

Research on the Cognitive Comprehension Logic and Its Application in Understanding of Metaphor SU Chang, C Yi-jiang… – ?????? (???, 2010 – ???????? … 2002:21-37. Barnden JA,Lee M G.An Implemented Context System that Combines Belief Reasoning,Metaphor-Based Reasoning and Uncertainty Handling[J].Lecture Notes in Computer Science,2004,1688:28-41. Steinhart E …

[PDF] Application of the ATT-Meta Metaphor-Understanding Approach to Various Examples in the ATT-Meta Project Databank Technical Report CSRP-01-02 [PDF] from psu.eduJA Barnden – Citeseer … Barnden, JA (1998b). Combining uncertain belief reasoning and uncertain metaphor-based reasoning. In Procs. … Barnden, JA & Lee, MG (1999). An implemented context system that combines belief reasoning, metaphor-based reasoning and uncertainty handling. … Related articles – View as HTML – All 5 versions

[PDF] Application of the ATT-Meta Metaphor-Understanding Approach to Selected Examples from Goatly Technical Report CSRP-01-01 [PDF] from psu.eduJA Barnden – Citeseer Page 1. Application of the ATT-Meta Metaphor-Understanding Approach to Selected Examples from Goatly Technical Report CSRP-01-01 John A. Barnden School of Computer Science, The University of Birmingham Birmingham … Related articles – View as HTML – All 5 versions

[PDF] A Framework for Intelligent Speech Processing in Multi-Agent Environments [PDF] from mit.eduN Hanssens – ai.mit.edu … IFSC. References: [1] John Barnden. Combining uncertain belief resaoning and uncertain metaphor-based reasoning. In Proceedings of Twentieth Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, 1998. [2] John Barnden. Uncertainty … Related articles – View as HTML – All 2 versions

[PDF] Using a Feeling Based Lexicon in Integrating Language and Reasoning [PDF] from psu.eduEG Berkowitz… – … based computer systems: proceedings of the …, 2000 – Citeseer … Our work on metaphor based reasoning has yielded a system composed of several components including a body based spatial reasoning engine, a hierarchical memory network capable of storing feelings, imagery, and several types of sequences in a conceptual hierarchy … Related articles – View as HTML – All 4 versions

[BOOK] Proceedings of the sixteenth annual conference of the Cognitive Science Society: August 13-16, 1994, Cognitive Science Program, Georgia Institute of … A Ram… – 1994 – books.google.com … Bucciarelli, PN Johnson- Laird, and V. Lombardo . 15 Combining Simulative and Metaphor-Based Reasoning About Beliefs JA Bamden, S. Helmreich, E. Ivcrson, and GC Stein ,… 21 Artificial Evolution of Syntactic Aptitude J …

Some observations on symbol-grounding from a combined symbolic/connectionist viewpoint JA Barnden – … : Integration of Sensory Information in Natural …, 1995 – ieeexplore.ieee.org … 38. (Bonn, Germany, 24-27 May 1994.) San Mateo, CA: Morgan Kaufmann. Barnden, JA, Helmreich, S., Iverson, E. & Stein, GC (1994b). Combining simulative and metaphor- based reasoning about beliefs. In Procs. 16th Annual … Related articles – BL Direct – All 2 versions

Modeling Human Infant Learning in Embodied Artificial Entities to Produce Grounded Concepts [PDF] from cogprints.orgE Berkowitz – 2003 – cogprints.org … References Berkowitz, EG (2000). Metaphor-Based Reasoning for Software Agents and Heterogeneous Robots Using Body-Based Feeling Sequences. PhD thesis, Department of Computer Science Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL. Berkowitz, EG (2001). … Related articles – All 4 versions

[HTML] Artificial Intelligence and Metaphors of Mind: Within-Vehicle Reasoning and its Benefits [footnote] [HTML] from bham.ac.ukJA Barnden, S Helmreich, E Iverson… – cs.bham.ac.uk … RUNNING HEAD: Within-Vehicle Reasoning. KEYWORDS: beliefs, propositional attitudes, mental states, psychological metaphors, metaphors of mind, folk psychology, discourse coherence, common-sense reasoning, metaphor-based reasoning. ABSTRACT. … Related articles – Cached

Selecting the Links in BisoNets Generated from Document Collections [PDF] from borgelt.netM Segond… – Advances in Intelligent Data Analysis IX, 2010 – Springer … Artificial Intelligence 41, 1-63 (1989) 7. Barnden, J.: An implemented system for metaphor-based reasoning – with special application to reasoning about agents. In: Nehaniv, CL (ed.) CMAA 1998. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 1562, pp. 143-153. … Cited by 1 – Related articles – All 6 versions

[PDF] “BisoNet” Generation using Textual Data [PDF] from psu.eduM Segond… – Workshop on Explorative Analytics of Information …, 2009 – Citeseer … Artificial Intelligence 41 (1989) 1-63 Page 11. 7. Barnden, J.: An implemented system for metaphor-based reasoning – with special application to reasoning about agents. In: Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Volume 1562. … Related articles – View as HTML – All 8 versions

Cognitive dependency logic S Chang, Z Changle… – Intelligent System and Knowledge … – ieeexplore.ieee.org … [2]John A.Barnden, Mark G. Lee, An Implemented Context System that Combines Belief Reasoning, Metaphor-Based Reasoning and Uncertainty Handling[J], [3]Eric Charles Steinhart, the logic of metaphor, Kluwer Academic Publishers[M], Boston, 2001. … Related articles

[CITATION] Multilingual Natural Language Processing U1f Hermjakob M Chinese, A Korean, B Indonesian – Proceedings of Korea-US Joint Workshop on … Related articles

[PDF] ON COUNTERFACTUAL METAPHORS AND PARADOX [PDF] from bham.ac.ukMG Lee – cs.bham.ac.uk … which reasoning proceeds. BIBLIOGRAPHY Barnden, JA & Lee, MG (1999). An implemented context system that combines belief reason ing, metaphor-based reasoning and uncertainty handling. Proceedings of the Second … Related articles – View as HTML – All 3 versions

[PDF] Autonomous Generation of Grounded Spatial Primitives for Agent Reasoning and Communication [PDF] from psu.eduEG Berkowitz… – IC-AI, 2003 – Citeseer … Canada. (2001) 47 – 56 Berkowitz, EG: Metaphor- Based Reasoning for Software Agents and Heterogeneous Robots Using Body-Based Feeling Sequences. Ph. D. dissertation, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago IL. (2000 … Related articles – View as HTML – All 7 versions

[PDF] Application of the ATT-Meta Metaphor-Understanding System to an Example of the Metaphorical View of MIND PARTS AS PERSONS Technical Report CSRP- … [PDF] from psu.eduJA Barnden… – Citeseer Page 1. Application of the ATT-Meta Metaphor-Understanding System to an Example of the Metaphorical View of MIND PARTS AS PERSONS Technical Report CSRP-01-09 John A. Barnden & Mark G. Lee School of Computer … Related articles – View as HTML – All 6 versions

Metaphor and its unparalleled meaning and truth [DOC] from bham.ac.ukJA Barnden… – Tropical Truth (s): The …, 2010 – books.google.com Page 92. John A. Barnden/Alan M. Wallington (Birmingham, GB) Metaphor and its unparalleled meaning and truth 0. Introduction 1. Some assumptions, terminology and preliminary observations 1.1 Restricted aim 1.2 Concerning … Related articles – All 3 versions

[BOOK] Modeling and using context: proceedings. Trento, Italy, September 9-11, 1999 P Bouquet – 1999 – books.google.com … 15 H. Arid Costa An Implemented Context System that Combines Belief Reasoning, Metaphor- Based Reasoning and Uncertainty Handling 28 JA Barnden and MG Lee Pragmatic Reasoning: Inferring Contexts 42 J. Bell A Model of Context Adapted to Domain-Independent …

[PDF] Peace War Consciousness [PDF] from colorado.eduGWAR DEBATE – socsci.colorado.edu … other forms of reasoning as general approaches to problem solving and planning, so it is also possible to think of metaphor-based reasoning in these terms (cf. Hybel, 1993; Ostrom, Sylvan, and Gannon, 1992; Mefford, 1991). … Related articles – View as HTML – All 3 versions

[PDF] On the Embodied Aesthetics of Code [PDF] from culturemachine.netS Dexter, M Dolese, A Seidel… – Culture Machine, 2011 – culturemachine.net … In our metaphor-based reasoning, the inferences are carried out according to the corporeal logic of our sensorimotor capacities, and then, via [a] source-to-target mapping, the corresponding logical inferences are drawn in the target domain. (179) … Related articles – View as HTML – All 3 versions

[PDF] Prolegomenon* to Commonsense Reasoning in User Interfaces [PDF] from psu.eduEM Bicici – Citeseer … Page 13. 5. Barnden, JA and Lee, MG An implemented context system that combines belief reasoning, metaphor-based reasoning and uncertainty handling, Available: http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/~jab/ATT-Meta/Papers/context99.pdf … Related articles – View as HTML – All 3 versions

[BOOK] Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society: August 1-4, 1998, University of Wisconsin-Madison MA Gernsbacher… – 1998 – books.google.com … Karthik Balakrishnan, Rushi Bhatt, and Vasant Honavar 102 Disfluency Deafness: Graceful Failure in the Recognition of Running Speech Ellen Gurman Bard and Robin Lickley 108 Combining Uncertain Belief Reasoning and Uncertain Metaphor-Based Reasoning John A … Library Search – All 2 versions

[PDF] Understanding Exploitations of Familiar Conceptual Metaphors: An Approach and Artificial Intelligence System [PDF] from psu.eduJA Barnden… – 1999 – Citeseer Page 1. Understanding Exploitations of Familiar Conceptual Metaphors: An Approach and Artificial Intelligence System John A. Barnden and Mark G. Lee School of Computer Science, The University of Birmingham Birmingham … Related articles – View as HTML – All 3 versions

The second person: meaning and metaphors CL Nehaniv – Computation for metaphors, analogy, and agents, 1999 – portal.acm.org … The thoughts expressed and any shortcomings are nevertheless the author’s own. References 1. John A. Barnden, An Implemented System for Metaphor-Based Reasoning with Special Application to Reasoning about Agents. In [16], 143-153, (this volume). … Cited by 7 – Related articles – BL Direct – All 5 versions

[PS] School of Computer Science University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT United Kingdom [PS] from bham.ac.ukJA Barnden – 1998 – cs.bham.ac.uk Page 1. Uncertain Reasoning About Agents’ Beliefs and Reasoning John A. Barnden School of Computer Science University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT United Kingdom March 27, 1998 For special issue of Arti cial Intelligence and Law. Revised version. 1 Introduction … Related articles – View as HTML – All 2 versions

[PDF] Simba: belief ascription by way of simulative reasoning [PDF] from psu.eduH Chalupsky – 1996 – Citeseer Page 1. Simba: Belief Ascription by Way of Simulative Reasoning by Hans Chalupsky A dissertation submitted1 to the Faculty of the Department of Computer Science and the Graduate School of the State University of New York … Cited by 3 – Related articles – View as HTML – Library Search – All 18 versions

[PDF] Statement of originality [PDF] from uq.edu.auY Sincerely… – 2002 – innovexpo.itee.uq.edu.au Page 1. CONFLICT RESOLUTION IN A CONTEXT AWARE SYSTEM Ming Han Tan s802941@student.uq.edu.au faculty of information technology and electrical engineering submitted for the degree of Bachelor of Engineering (Honours) in the division of Software … Related articles – View as HTML – All 6 versions

[PDF] Adamatzky, A.(2001) Chemistry of belief: Experiments with doxastic solutions. Kybernetes, 30, 1199-1208. Adamatzky, A.(2001a) Space-time dynamic of … [PDF] from hull.ac.ukA Adamatzky… – Journal of Experimental & Theoretical Artificial … – dcs.hull.ac.uk … Consciousness, pp.311-340. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins. Barnden, JA (1998). Combining uncertain belief reasoning and uncertain metaphor-based reasoning. In Procs. Twentieth Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, pp.114-119. Mahwah, NJ: … Related articles – View as HTML

[PDF] ???????????????????????????????????? [PDF] from yasuda-u.ac.jp???? – ????????, 2010 – lib.jimu.yasuda-u.ac.jp … ???? Barnden,J. (1999). “An Implemented System for Metaphor-Based Reasoning, With Special Application to Reasoning about Agents”, In Nehaniv(Ed.), Computation for Metaphors, Analogy, and Agents, pp.143-153, 1999. Collins,AM and Loftus,EF (1975). … Related articles – View as HTML – All 2 versions

[PDF] Understanding Open-Ended Usages of Familiar Conceptual Metaphors: An Approach and Artificial Intelligence System (Technical Report CSRP-01-05) [PDF] from psu.eduJA Barnden… – Citeseer Page 1. Understanding Open-Ended Usages of Familiar Conceptual Metaphors: An Approach and Artificial Intelligence System (Technical Report CSRP-01-05) John A. Barnden and Mark G. Lee School of Computer Science … Related articles – View as HTML – All 4 versions

[BOOK] The Cambridge handbook of sociocultural psychology [PDF] from ucsd.eduJ Valsiner… – 2007 – books.google.com Page 1. THE CAMBRIDGE HANDBOOK OF Sociocultural Psychology Page 2. PartI THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES 21 Page 3. 22 Page 4. CHAPTER 1 The Myth, and Beyond Ontology of Psyche and Epistemology … Cited by 50 – Related articles – Library Search – All 6 versions

[PDF] Language, Cognition, Subjectivity [PDF] from tor2web.orgT Slunecko… – The Cambridge Handbook of … – am4wuhz3zifexz5u.tor2web.org Page 61. P1: JzG 0521854105c02 CUFX094/Valsiner 0 521 85410 5 printer: cupusbw March 22, 2007 14: 45 CHAPTER 2 Language, Cognition, Subjectivity A Dynamic Constitution Thomas Slunecko and Sophie Hengl Language … Related articles – View as HTML – All 2 versions

[PDF] Computational approaches to figurative language [PDF] from cam.ac.ukEV Shutova – month, 2011 – cl.cam.ac.uk Page 1. Technical Report Number 803 Computer Laboratory UCAM-CL-TR-803 ISSN 1476-2986 Computational approaches to figurative language Ekaterina V. Shutova August 2011 15 JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0FD United Kingdom phone +44 1223 763500 … View as HTML

[BOOK] Body, language, and mind RM Frank – 2007 – books.google.com Page 1. Cognitive Linguistics Research Body, Language and Mind Volume 1: Embodiment Tom Ziemke Jordan Zlatev Roslyn M. Frank (Editors) MOUTON DE GRUYTER Page 2. Page 3. Page 4. Page 5. Body, Language and Mind Volume 1: Embodiment w Page 6. … Cited by 1 – Related articles

Book by Cognitive Science Society (US); Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1994 RN Network – questia.com … Mental Models in Propositional Reasoning BG Bara, M. Bucciarelli, PN Johnson- Laird , and V. Lombardo, 15. Combining Simulative and Metaphor-Based Reasoning About Beliefs JA Barnden, S. Helmreich, E. Iverson, and GC Stein, 21. … Related articles – All 2 versions

Book by Morton Ann Gernsbacher, Sharon J. Derry; Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1998 UC Knowledge – questia.com … Disfluency Deafness: Graceful Failure in the Recognition of Running Speech Ellen Gurman Bard and Robin Lickley, 108. Combining Uncertain Belief Reasoning and Uncertain Metaphor-Based Reasoning John A. Barnden, 114. Can a Computer Really Model Cognition? …