Notes:
Grammaticality refers to the degree to which a sentence adheres to the rules of grammar in a particular language. A sentence is considered grammatically correct if it follows the rules of grammar and is able to be understood by a native speaker of the language. A sentence is considered grammatically incorrect if it violates the rules of grammar or is difficult to understand.
Grammaticality is an important concept in linguistics and natural language processing (NLP). It is used to evaluate the quality and clarity of language, and to identify and correct errors in text. Grammaticality is often used in combination with other measures of language quality, such as fluency, coherence, and clarity, to evaluate the overall quality of written or spoken language.
Sentence grammaticality classification is the process of determining whether a sentence is grammatically correct or incorrect. A sentence grammaticality classifier is a machine learning model or system that is designed to perform this task.
Sentence grammaticality classifiers are commonly used in natural language processing (NLP) applications to identify and correct errors in text. They are trained on large datasets of grammatically correct and incorrect sentences, and use this training data to learn to recognize patterns and features that are indicative of grammatically correct or incorrect sentences.
Sentence grammaticality classifiers can be used in a variety of applications, such as:
- Proofreading and error correction: Sentence grammaticality classifiers can be used to identify and correct errors in text, such as typos, spelling mistakes, and grammatical errors.
- Language learning: Sentence grammaticality classifiers can be used to help language learners identify and correct errors in their writing, improving their language skills.
- Text classification: Sentence grammaticality classifiers can be used to classify text as grammatically correct or incorrect, which can be useful for a variety of purposes, such as filtering spam emails or identifying fraudulent content.
See also:
Sentence Extractor | Sentence Parsers & Dialog Systems | Sentence Recognizer | Sentence Splitter 2011
[PDF] Parser features for sentence grammaticality classification [PDF] from aclweb.org SMJ Wong… – Proc. Australasian Language Technology …, 2010 – aclweb.org Abstract Automatically judging sentences for their grammaticality is potentially useful for several purposes-evaluating language technology systems, assessing language competence of second or foreign language learners, and so on. Previous work has … Cited by 3 – Related articles – View as HTML – All 8 versions
Adjective Inflection in Hebrew: A Psychollinguistic Study of Speakers of Russian, English and Arabic Compared with Native Hebrew Speakers I Alfi-Shabtay… – Current Issues in Bilingualism, 2012 – Springer … speakers); (3) category (ie, singular masculine nouns; singular feminine nouns; plural masculine; plural feminine; mass nouns; Irregular singular masculine nouns; Irregular singular feminine nouns; plural feminine nouns); and (4) sentence grammaticality (ie, grammatical and …
Effects of a supplemental Spanish oral language program on sentence length, complexity, and grammaticality in Spanish-speaking children attending English-only … MA Restrepo, AP Castilla, PJ Schwanenflugel… – Language, Speech, and …, 2010 – ASHA Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools Skip to main page content. … Cited by 3 – Related articles – All 7 versions
[PDF] Snapshots of grammaticalization: Differential electrophysiological responses to grammatical anomalies with increasing L2 exposure [PDF] from washington.edu D Tanner, L Osterhout… – Proceedings of the …, 2009 – students.washington.edu … Subjects were also informed to guess if they were unsure about a sentence’s grammaticality. … Learners enrolled in first year courses who performed well judging sentence grammaticality showed a P600, though with a later onset and smaller Page 11. … Cited by 3 – Related articles – View as HTML – All 2 versions
A Usage-Based Approach to Recursion in Sentence Processing [PDF] from wisc.edu MH Christiansen… – Language Learning, 2009 – Wiley Online Library … The mean GPE averaged across a sentence expresses the difficulty that the SRN experienced across the sentence as a whole, and such GPE values have been found to correlate with sentence grammaticality ratings (Christiansen & Chater, 1999), with low mean GPE scores … Cited by 24 – Related articles – All 8 versions
Grammaticality judgments in autism: Deviance or delay IM Eigsti… – J Child Lang, 2009 – Cambridge Univ Press … the sentence). Grammaticality judgments necessarily require meta-cognitive skills in addition to knowledge of the language. Children aged six to seven were able to perform a comparable task in other studies (Wulfeck, 1993). … Cited by 8 – Related articles – All 9 versions
[PDF] Judging grammaticality with tree substitution grammar derivations [PDF] from 59.108.48.12 M Post – Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the …, 2011 – 59.108.48.12 … CALICO Journal, 26(3):474-490. Sze-Meng Jojo Wong and Mark Dras. 2010. Parser features for sentence grammaticality classification. In Proc. Australasian Language Technology Association Workshop, Melbourne, Australia, December. Andreas Zollmann and Khalil Sima’an. … Cited by 1 – Related articles – View as HTML – All 8 versions
Sentence Comprehension in Aphasia DG Clark – Language and Linguistics Compass, 2011 – Wiley Online Library … Specifically, they retain the ability to make accurate judgments of sentence grammaticality, at least with certain sentence structures (Linebarger et al. 1983; Wilson and Saygin 2004). In light of this discovery, Linebarger et al. … Related articles
Beginning adult L2 learners’ sensitivity to morphosyntactic violations: A self-paced reading study N Tokowicz… – European Journal of Cognitive …, 2010 – Taylor & Francis … Cross-language similarity also influenced sentence-final word reading times. Despite this online sensitivity, post-sentence grammaticality judgements were generally poor. … Despite this online sensitivity, post-sentence grammaticality judgements were generally poor. … Cited by 1 – Related articles – All 4 versions
[PDF] THE ROLE OF PROSODIC CUES IN L2s’ PERCEPTION OF THE 3 RD PERSON SINGULAR-S: AN ON-LINE GRAMMATICALITY JUDGMENT STUDY [PDF] from rug.nl S Dube – 2011 – scripties.let.eldoc.ub.rug.nl … subjects’ grammatical judgments. Findings from auditory comprehension studies have shown that end-of sentence grammaticality judgments may not be reflective of auditory processes only, because there are a number of other strategic processes associated with … Related articles – View as HTML
Automatic evaluation of linguistic quality in multi-document summarization [PDF] from aclweb.org E Pitler, A Louis… – Proceedings of the 48th Annual Meeting …, 2010 – dl.acm.org … fluency features. These findings war- rant further investigation because we would not expect characteristics of local transitions indica- tive of text structure to have anything to do with sentence grammaticality or fluency. The results … Cited by 7 – Related articles – All 10 versions
The effect of correcting grammatical errors on parse probabilities [PDF] from dcu.ie J Wagner… – Proceedings of the 11th International Conference …, 2009 – dl.acm.org … determine the sentence’s grammaticality. … We find that grammatical errors have some negative effect on the probability assigned to the best parse, a find- ing which corroborates previous evidence linking sentence grammaticality to frequency. … Cited by 2 – Related articles – All 19 versions
Violation of syntax and prosody-disentangling their contributions to the early left anterior negativity (ELAN) B Herrmann, B Maess… – Neuroscience letters, 2010 – Elsevier … were included [12]. One filler condition comprised 67 correct sentences, in which the preposition was followed by a noun to ensure that participants could not determine the sentence grammaticality at the preposition. The second … Cited by 1 – Related articles – All 2 versions
Ageing, auditory distraction, and grammaticality judgement PA Smith – Aphasiology, 2010 – Taylor & Francis … For this study, participants completed a whole-sentence grammaticality judgement (GJ) task in three different levels of auditory distraction. As noted, GJ tasks invoke post-interpretive processes (Caplan & Waters, 19998. Caplan, D. and Waters, G. 1999. … Related articles – All 3 versions
Grammaticality as evidence and as prediction in a Galilean linguistics [PDF] from sydney.edu.au N Riemer – Language Sciences, 2009 – Elsevier Cited by 9 – Related articles – All 7 versions
Bilingual random walk models for automated grammar correction of ESL author-produced text [PDF] from 59.108.48.12 R West, YA Park… – Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on …, 2011 – dl.acm.org … Specifically, we judge a set of sentence corrections as Good if all of the corrections made between models improve sentence grammaticality, Harmless if the corrections do not significantly im- prove or reduce grammaticality, and Bad if at least one of the corrections is either … Related articles – All 14 versions
Repetition blindness for rotated objects. [PDF] from usyd.edu.au WG Hayward, G Zhou, WF Man… – Journal of Experimental …, 2010 – psycnet.apa.org … In both, repeated words were missed; in the latter context, participants sacrificed sentence grammaticality in failing to report the repeated item. Later experiments used pictorial stimuli instead of (or in conjunction with) verbal materials. … Cited by 3 – Related articles – All 12 versions
[BOOK] Quantitative methods in linguistics [PDF] from ucsc.edu K Johnson – 2008 – books.google.com … Look again at Table 1.2. How many people gave the sentence a rating of “1”? How many rated it a “2”? When we answer these questions for all of the possible ratings we have the values that make up the frequency distribution of our sentence grammaticality ratings. … Cited by 101 – Related articles – All 7 versions
Improved language modeling for conversational applications using sentence quality [PDF] from mirlab.org M Epstein, B Ramabhadran… – Acoustics Speech and …, 2010 – ieeexplore.ieee.org … We noticed that humans, when assigning qualities, tended to use heuristics like sentence length, the number of embedded grammars in the sentence, grammaticality, the presence of a rare but important n-gram, the presence of an “awk- ward” n-gram, and so forth. … Related articles – All 4 versions
Identification of clinical markers of specific language impairment in adults GH Poll, SK Betz… – Journal of Speech, Language, and …, 2010 – jslhr.highwire.org … reduced the AIC further. The final model included standardized predictors for sentence repetition, the complex omitted finiteness sentence grammaticality judgment, and the three-syllable nonword repetition measure. View this table … Cited by 4 – Related articles – Library Search – All 5 versions
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Chomsky’s derivation-by-phase theory as applied to judgments of the grammaticality of Japanese double accusative sentences H Nagata – Language Sciences, 2010 – Elsevier … Implications of the findings for Chomsky’s mentalist position on speakers’ knowledge of language were discussed. Keywords: Chomsky’s derivation-by-phase theory; Double accusative sentence; Grammaticality judgments; Speaker’s knowledge of language. Article Outline. … Related articles – All 2 versions
Dependency Graph Based Sentence Fusion and Compression [PDF] from tu-darmstadt.de K Filippova – 2010 – tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de Page 1. Dependency Graph Based Sentence Fusion and Compression Vom Fachbereich Gesellschafts- und Geschichtswissenschaften der Technischen Universitaet Darmstadt zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktors der Philosophie (Dr. phil.) genehmigte Dissertation von … Related articles – All 4 versions
Paired learners’ verbalised strategies for determining grammatical correctness: a turn-based system for coding metatalk DN Ishii – Language Awareness, 2011 – Taylor & Francis
[PDF] Drawing Inferences about Novel Raising and Control Verbs [PDF] from lingref.com M Becker… – 2011 – lingref.com Page 1. Drawing Inferences about Novel Raising and Control Verbs Misha Becker and Bruno Estigarribia University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 1. Introduction The core question we address is how children come to distinguish … View as HTML
How not to build a hybrid: Simulation vs. fact-finding W Ramsey – Philosophical Psychology, 2010 – Taylor & Francis … This would not change the functional role of the grammar system, say, from that of a “sentence grammaticality judger” to one of “grammar judgment simulator.” Instead, its role would be extended-from reporting facts about the grammaticality of sentence, to reporting facts about … Cited by 1 – Related articles – All 3 versions
Processing different levels of syntactic hierarchy: An ERP study on Chinese [PDF] from pku.edu.cn X Jiang… – Neuropsychologia, 2009 – Elsevier … hierarchically organized German syntactic constituents from the most canonical (eg, S-IO-DO-V, in which S = subject, IO = indirect object, DO = direct object, and V = verb) to the less (eg, IO-S-DO-V) and to the least (eg, IO-DO-SO-V). The sentence grammaticality was … Cited by 9 – Related articles – All 7 versions
Second language processing: when are first and second languages processed similarly? [PDF] from cnrs.fr L Sabourin… – Second Language Research, 2008 – slr.sagepub.com … The log frequency of each item (determined through the CELEX database; Burnage, 1990) was between 1.11 and 2.98 (average 1.8). These 40 sentences were embedded in a 280 sentence grammaticality judgement paradigm. … Cited by 32 – Related articles – All 10 versions
[PDF] Grammaticality judgements of children with and without language delay [PDF] from reading.ac.uk M Saxton, J Dockrell, E Bevan… – of the 2007, 2008 – reading.ac.uk … The two-year-olds in this study considered grammatical imperatives to be “good”, while rejecting about half of ungrammatical imperatives as “silly”. Unfortunately, it is not entirely clear that the basis for child responses was sentence grammaticality. … Related articles – View as HTML – All 5 versions
[CITATION] Sensitivity to morphosyntactic violations in English as a second language M Sato… – Unpublished manuscript, Department of Language and …, 2008 Cited by 5 – Related articles
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Effects of Working Memory Capacity and Content Familiarity on Literal and Inferential Comprehension in L2 Reading C Alptekin… – TESOL Quarterly, 2011 – ingentaconnect.com … reading span. The Cronbach’s alpha for the storage task was found to be 0.872. On the other hand, participants’ judgments concerning sentence grammaticality represented the proces- sing measure of their reading span. The test … Related articles – All 2 versions
[PDF] Real-Time Reading and Reactivation Evidence of Syntactic Gap Processing in Japanese Scrambling [PDF] from lingref.com M Hara – 2011 – lingref.com Page 1. Real-Time Reading and Reactivation Evidence of Syntactic Gap Processing in Japanese Scrambling Masahiro Hara Truman State University 1. Introduction This study argues that second language (L2) learners are … Related articles – View as HTML – All 2 versions
[CITATION] Asymmetric movement in raising-to-object structures [PDF] from jhu.edu KG Murasugi – The Canadian Journal of Linguistics/La …, 2008 – University of Toronto Press Related articles – All 2 versions
A Minimalist Account of Scrambling and Word Order in Tagalog Testing its Grammaticality [PDF] from upd.edu.ph MKS Manueli – Philippine Social Sciences Review, 2011 – journals.upd.edu.ph … Page 18. 420 PHILIPPINE SOCIAL SCIENCES REVIEW Sentence * Grammaticality Crosstabulation Count Grammaticality Total Grammatical Less Grammatical Ungrammatical Se n te n ce S1 11 0 0 11 S10 1 1 9 11 S11 0 0 11 11 S12 0 0 11 11 S13 7 0 4 11 S14 10 0 1 11 … Related articles – All 2 versions
[PDF] Grammar, Pronunciation, or Something Else? Native Japanese Speakers’ Judgments of “Native-Like” Speech [PDF] from escholarship.org M Ajioka – Issues in Applied Linguistics, 2011 – escholarship.org … The methods used most frequently to measure learners’ “native-like” pro- ficiency were pronunciation tests (Bongaerts, 1999; Flege, Munro, & MacKay, 1995) and sentence grammaticality judgment tests (DeKeyser, 2000; Johnson & Newport, 1989). … Related articles – View as HTML
Reply to David Kemmerer’s MD Allen… – Brain and Language, 2008 – Elsevier … Second, the patient is tested for knowledge of putative grammatically relevant features using a sentence grammaticality judgment task, where grammatical acceptability crucially hinges on hypothetically relevant features, such as, for example, those that distinguish the verb drip … Related articles – All 2 versions
Chapter Focus and Purpose This chapter describes the relationship between second language acquisition (SLA) research and the field of applied linguistics across ” … T Pica – Handbook of Research in Second Language Teaching …, 2011 – books.google.com … Chomsky’s (1965) theoretical claim that native speakers are the only reliable source of linguistic data in terms of judging sentence grammaticality has often been invoked to justify decisions about teacher qualifications for language teaching. … Related articles
Verb Comprehension and Use in Down Syndrome [PDF] from umd.edu SE Michael – 2009 – drum.lib.umd.edu Page 1. ABSTRACT Title of Document: VERB COMPREHENSION AND USE IN DOWN SYNDROME. Sarah Michael, Master of Arts, 2009 Directed By: Dr. Nan Bernstein Ratner, Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences … Related articles – All 5 versions
ERP signatures of subject-verb agreement in L2 learning [PDF] from bnu.edu.cn L Chen, H Shu, Y Liu, J Zhao… – … Language and Cognition, 2007 – Cambridge Univ Press … When reading the sentences, the participants were instructed to minimize their blinks and body movements, and to press one of the two buttons to make sentence grammaticality judgment on the presentation of yellow question marks. … Cited by 33 – Related articles – BL Direct – All 9 versions
[PDF] Australasian Language Technology Association Workshop 2010 [PDF] from alta.asn.au N Indurkhya… – 2010 – alta.asn.au … Martinez 41 Classifying User Forum Participants: Separating the Gurus from the Hacks, and Other Tales of the Internet Marco Lui and Timothy Baldwin 49 Fun with Filtering French Alexandra L. Uitdenbogerd 58 Parser Features for Sentence Grammaticality Classification Sze … View as HTML – All 8 versions
Why brother and sister are not just siblings: Repair processes in agreement computation N Molinaro, F Vespignani, R Zamparelli… – Journal of Memory and …, 2011 – Elsevier Cited by 1 – Related articles – All 2 versions
An Investigation of Chinese Students’ Internal Context in Learning English Tense and Aspect [J] YI Wen-jing – Journal of Lanzhou Petrochemical College of …, 2008 – en.cnki.com.cn The internal context refers to the contextual knowledge that resides in human mind as contrasted with the external context that is either audible or visible.An empirical study was designed using a Sentence Grammaticality Judgment Test to elicit the Chinese learners’ and … Cited by 1 – Related articles – Cached
Monolingual and bilingual recognition of regular and irregular English verbs: Sensitivity to form similarity varies with first language experience [HTML] from nih.gov DM Basnight-Brown, L Chen, S Hua, A Kostic… – Journal of memory and …, 2007 – Elsevier Cited by 21 – Related articles – All 7 versions
[PDF] The Anatomy of the Bilingual Influence on Cognition: Levels of Functional Use and Proficiency of Language [PDF] from rotman-baycrest.on.ca GC Luk – 2008 – rotman-baycrest.on.ca … nonverbal reasoning skills, English vocabulary, nonverbal executive functions, verbal fluency and sentence grammaticality judgment. In chapter 2, responses from language background questionnaires were analyzed in factor analysis. … Cited by 4 – Related articles – View as HTML – Library Search – All 3 versions
Learners’ Implicit Assumptions About Syntactic Frames in New L3 Words: The Role of Cognates, Typological Proximity, and L2 Status CJ Hall, D Newbrand, P Ecke, U Sperr… – Language …, 2009 – Wiley Online Library … competence. In the test sessions, participants saw target verbs embedded in sentential contexts, with the appropriate inflected form, and were asked to judge sentence grammaticality, rather than attend to form-meaning mappings. … Cited by 4 – Related articles – All 5 versions
Across Languages, Space, and Time LC Tolentino… – Studies in Second Language …, 2011 – Cambridge Univ Press Page 1. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 2011, 33, 91- 125 . doi:10.1017/ S0272263110000549 (c) Cambridge University Press 2011 91 ACROSS LANGUAGES, SPACE, AND TIME A Review of the Role of Cross-Language Similarity in L2 (Morpho)Syntactic Processing … Related articles – All 3 versions
Children with specific language impairment: The effect of argument-structure complexity on auditory sentence comprehension F Pizzioli… – Clinical linguistics & phonetics, 2010 – informahealthcare.com … In an fMRI study using sentence grammaticality judgements, Ben-Shachar, Hendler, Kahn, Ben-Bashat, and Grodzinsky (2003) found increased left posterior superior temporal sulcus activation as a function of verb argument-structure complexity. … Related articles – All 5 versions
When knowing grammar depends on knowing vocabulary: Native-speaker grammaticality judgements of sentences with real and unreal words [PDF] from jhu.edu J Barcroft – Canadian Modern Language Review/La Revue …, 2007 – UT Press Page 1. When Knowing Grammar Depends on Knowing Vocabulary: Native-Speaker Grammaticality Judgements of Sentences with Real and Unreal Words Joe Barcroft Abstract: This study examined how the presence of real … Cited by 4 – Related articles – BL Direct – All 6 versions
Argument structure effects in action verb naming in static and dynamic conditions [HTML] from nih.gov DB den Ouden, S Fix, TB Parrish… – Journal of …, 2009 – Elsevier … In an fMRI study using sentence grammaticality judgments, Ben-Shachar, Hendler, Kahn, Ben-Bashat, and Grodzinsky (2003) found increased left posterior superior temporal sulcus activation as a function of verb argument structure complexity. Similarly, Thompson et al. … Cited by 17 – Related articles – All 11 versions
CROVALLEX: Croatian verb valence lexicon [PDF] from ffzg.hr NM Preradovic, D Boras… – … Interfaces, 2009. ITI’09. …, 2009 – ieeexplore.ieee.org … LOC), etc. This makes it much more easy to create the valence lexicon and to fill the valence frames. The compulsoriness of the inner participants and free modifications is related to the sentence grammaticality. If the obligatory … Cited by 2 – Related articles – All 6 versions
Analysis and control in children with SLI JAG Lum… – Journal of speech, language, and hearing …, 2007 – jslhr.highwire.org … In addition to this, control is required to suppress or ignore distracting information. In a judgment task, semantics represent distracting information because the semantics are not related to determining a sentence’s grammaticality (Bialystok, 1992). … Cited by 8 – Related articles – BL Direct – All 7 versions
[PDF] They Have a Write to Go To College Too: Challenges for Secondary Level Students [PDF] from asha.org J Aker – Perspectives on Language Learning and Education, 2009 – ASHA … 224-258). Boston: College Hill. Windsor, J.(1999). Effects of semantic inconsistency on sentence grammaticality judgments for children with and without language-learning disabilities. Language Testing, 16 (3), 293-313. Wong, BYL (2000). … Related articles – View as HTML – All 3 versions
Left inferior frontal cortex and syntax: function, structure and behaviour in patients with left hemisphere damage [PDF] from biu.ac.il LK Tyler, WD Marslen-Wilson, B Randall, P Wright… – Brain, 2011 – Oxford Univ Press … Their syntactic error rates ranged from 0-47% in the sentence-picture matching test but they made very few semantic errors (0-6%). Many of the patients also had difficulties with a sentence grammaticality test where errors ranged from 0-42%. … Cited by 4 – Related articles – All 6 versions
[PDF] Clitics in South Slavic Languages: The View from the Interfaces [PDF] from cornell.edu M Diesing… – 2007 – as.cornell.edu … presented with all of the sentences, and both clitic positions, but none of the participants was exposed to the same sentence twice. Procedure: Stimuli were presented in a sentence grammaticality judgment task. The participants … Related articles – View as HTML – All 8 versions
The Language Experience and Proficiency Questionnaire (LEAP-Q): Assessing language profiles in bilinguals and multilinguals [PDF] from northwestern.edu V Marian, HK Blumenfeld… – Journal of Speech, …, 2007 – jslhr.highwire.org Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research Skip to main page content. … Cited by 93 – Related articles – BL Direct – All 15 versions
[PDF] Non-chronometric experiments in Linguistics [PDF] from concordia.ca BL Derwing, RG De Almeida… – … and Quantitative Linguistics …, 2009 – alcor.concordia.ca … New evaluation criteria were offered (such as rule naturalness, economy of lexical representation, and rule/system generality), and some new sources of data were also introduced and widely exploited (notably speakers’ intuitive judgments about sentence grammaticality or well … Cited by 2 – Related articles – View as HTML – All 2 versions
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The influence of mood on the processing of syntactic anomalies: Evidence from P600 [PDF] from ru.nl CTWM Vissers, D Virgillito, DA Fitzgerald… – Neuropsychologia, 2010 – Elsevier … critical position. Half of the sentences started with a plural noun phrase, and half started with a singular noun phrase. In addition, the grammatical number of the noun phrases was crossed with sentence grammaticality. Only those … Cited by 1 – Related articles – All 9 versions
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On verbs governing obligatory adverbials in Bosnian I Palic – Suvremena lingvistika, 2011 – hrcak.srce.hr … However, if the grammatical sentence structure gets divided into three basic elements: the predicate (the main sentence member), complements (the sentence members included by some subclasses of the word classes, necessary for the sentence’s grammaticality) and adjuncts … Cached
Bilingualism in child language disorders E Peña, L Bedore – Handbook of child language disorders, 2009 – books.google.com Page 300. 12 Bilingualism in Child Language Disorders ELIZABETH D. PEÑA and LISA M. BEDORE In the United States, an increasing number of children learn language in a bilingual environment. Simultaneous bilinguals … Cited by 10 – Related articles
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Context and Common Ground CC Ground – Concise Encyclopedia of Philosophy of Language …, 2009 – books.google.com Page 109. Context and Common Ground 85 Context and Common Ground HH Clark, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA ß 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. People talking to each other take much for granted. They assume a common language. … Related articles
[BOOK] Improving English language learners’ oral and written language through collaborative discussions J Zhang – 2009 – books.google.com Page 1. IMPROVING ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNERS’ ORAL AND WRITTEN LANGUAGE THROUGH COLLABORATIVE DISCUSSIONS BY JIE ZHANG BS, Beijing Normal University, 2001 M.Ed., Beijing Normal University … Related articles – All 2 versions
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[BOOK] Morphology in bilingual language processing: The role of second language proficiency in acquiring grammatical gender SC Bobb – 2008 – books.google.com … In their now seminal work, Johnson and Newport studied Korean and Chinese immigrants to the United States, testing them on a range of language knowledge from English morphology to syntax using a sentence grammaticality judgment task. … Related articles – All 2 versions
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[PDF] ITA NINGSIH [PDF] from uin-malang.ac.id ALFBYTB IRVING – 2008 – lib.uin-malang.ac.id Page 1. A SEMANTIC ANALYSIS ON THE ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF SURAH AL-FURQON BY TB IRVING THESIS Presented to The State Islamic University of Malang in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree … Related articles
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What compound words mean to children with specific language impairment KK Mcgregor, GC Rost, LY Guo… – Applied …, 2010 – Cambridge Univ Press Page 1. Applied Psycholinguistics 31 (2010), 463-487 doi:10.1017/S014271641000007X What compound words mean to children with specific language impairment KARLA K. MCGREGOR, GWYNETH C. ROST, LING YU GUO, and LI SHENG University of Iowa … Related articles – All 5 versions
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?????????????????????? [PDF] from nccu.edu.tw ??? – 2007 – dspace2.lib.nccu.edu.tw … In Experiment 1-3, grammaticality judgments were examined via on-line and paper-based questionnaires. In the psycholinguistic field, questionnaire is a practical method that yields reliable data on patterns of sentence grammaticality (Cowart, 1997). To measure the … All 4 versions
The Composition and Sequencing of Communicative Acts to Solve Social Problems: Functionality and Inventiveness in Children’s Interactions RE Sanders – Communication Monographs, 2007 – Taylor & Francis … We can make claims about the sentence’s grammaticality and meaningfulness, and if we have reason to claim it, its novelty, before making claims about the cognitive events that took place in achieving that, or what he or she was aware of in the course of making “decisions … Cited by 1 – Related articles – BL Direct – All 3 versions
[PDF] Effect of syntactic structure on speech production in adults who stutter [PDF] from ufl.edu MA Haj-Tas – 2007 – ufdcimages.uflib.ufl.edu Page 1. 1 EFFECT OF SYNTACTIC STRUCTURE ON SPEECH PRODUCTION IN ADULTS WHO STUTTER By MAISA A. HAJ-TAS A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA … Related articles – View as HTML – Library Search – All 2 versions
[HTML] Morphological facilitation for regular and irregular verb formations in native and non-native speakers: Little evidence for two distinct mechanisms [HTML] from nih.gov LB Feldman, A KOSTIC… – Bilingualism ( …, 2010 – ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Cited by 1 – Related articles – All 9 versions
[CITATION] Analyzing complexity in foreign language monologic oral production in a CLIL context [PDF] from uab.cat N Evnitskaya – 2008 Related articles – All 5 versions