Advances in Commercial Deployment of Spoken Dialog Systems (2011) .. by David Suendermann
Contents
1 Deployed vs. Academic Spoken Dialog Systems . . . 1
1.1 At-a-Glance . . . 1
1.2 Census, Internet, and a Lot of Numbers . . . 2
1.3 The Two Worlds . . . 7
2 Paradigms for Deployed Spoken Dialog Systems . . . 9
2.1 A Few Remarks on History . . . 9
2.2 Components of Spoken Dialog Systems . . . 11
2.3 Speech Recognition and Understanding . . . 12
2.3.1 Rule-Based Grammars. . . 12
2.3.2 Statistical Language Models and Classifiers . . . 13
2.3.3 Robustness . . . 14
2.4 Dialog Management . . . 25
2.5 Language and Speech Generation .. . . 27
2.6 Voice Browsing . . . 30
2.7 Deployed Spoken Dialog Systems are Real-Time Systems . . . 33
3 Measuring Performance of Spoken Dialog Systems . . . 39
3.1 Observable vs. Hidden . . . 39
3.2 Speech Performance Analysis Metrics . . . 42
3.3 Objective vs. Subjective . . . 46
3.4 Evaluation Infrastructure . . . 48
4 Deployed Spoken Dialog Systems’ Alpha and Omega: Adaptation and Optimization . . . 49
4.1 Speech Recognition and Understanding . . . 50
4.2 Dialog Management . . . 55
4.2.1 Escalator . . . 55
4.2.2 Engager . . . 56
4.2.3 Contender . . . 59
References . . . 63