Notes:
Syntactic normalization is a process in natural language processing that involves converting a text to a standardized form, typically for the purpose of more easily performing other natural language processing tasks on the text. This may involve tasks such as lemmatization (reducing words to their base form), part-of-speech tagging (assigning a grammatical role to each word in the text), and chunking (grouping words into meaningful units).
Syntactic normalization is often used as a preprocessing step for other natural language processing tasks, such as information retrieval, machine translation, and text classification. By standardizing the text, it becomes easier to analyze and process, and the results of downstream tasks may be improved.
It may also be involved in the feature engineering task, which involves using natural language processing techniques such as tokenization, lemmatization, and elimination to normalize the syntactic heterogeneity of the text. Syntactic normalization may also be used to make implicit syntactic roles explicit, uniformly satisfy grammatical constraints across analyses, and integrate domain-specific information. It may be accomplished through techniques such as flattening the tree structure of a parse tree, lemmatization, and resolving common abbreviations and conventions. Syntactic normalization may improve recall in natural language processing tasks, but it can also have disadvantages for lexical normalization.
Lexical normalization is different from syntactic normalization in that it focuses on the vocabulary of the text, rather than its grammar. While syntactic normalization may involve techniques such as part-of-speech tagging and chunking, lexical normalization typically does not.
Text normalizers are tools or algorithms that are used to perform syntactic normalization on a text. They take an input text and apply one or more normalization techniques, such as lemmatization, part-of-speech tagging, and chunking, to produce a standardized output text. Text normalizers may be implemented as standalone tools or as part of a larger natural language processing system.
Text normalizers can be useful for a variety of natural language processing tasks, as they can help to improve the accuracy and reliability of the results by standardizing the text and making it easier to analyze and process.
See also:
Text Normalization & Dialog Systems
[PDF] Syntactic normalization of Twitter messages [PDF] from uccs.edu M Kaufmann… – International Conference on Natural Language …, 2010 – cs.uccs.edu Abstract-The use of computer mediated communication such as emailing, microblogs, Short Messaging System (SMS), and chat rooms has created corpora which contain incredibly noisy text. Tweets, messages sent by users on Twitter. com, are an especially … Cited by 12 – Related articles – View as HTML – All 4 versions
[HTML] Semantic Representation of Natural Language Statements in Domain Description [HTML] from medwelljournals.com EE Williams, JOA Ayeni, E Fasina… – International Journal of …, 2009 – medwelljournals.com … to describe the domain. Some aspects of ambiguity in natural language text and complex lexical structures are handled in the research by introducing syntactic normalization and semantic exploration. Thus, the development … Cached – All 2 versions
A dependency treebank of the Quran using traditional Arabic grammar [PDF] from kaisdukes.com K Dukes… – … and Systems (INFOS), 2010 The 7th …, 2010 – ieeexplore.ieee.org … It is important to note that no new information or meaning is added through the syntactic reconstruction of a sentence. In some sense, reconstruction is a form of “syntactic normalization” which allows implicit syntactic roles to be made explicit. … Cited by 14 – Related articles – All 3 versions
[HTML] The SHARPn Project on Secondary Use of Electronic Medical Record Data: Progress, Plans, and Possibilities [HTML] from nih.gov CG Chute, J Pathak, GK Savova… – AMIA Annual …, 2011 – ncbi.nlm.nih.gov … and semantic. Syntactic normalization relies heavily on the 20-year history of Health Information Exchange (HIE) and disparate data source normalization undertaken by the Regenstrief Institute and the Indiana HIE. The Regenstrief … Cited by 2 – Related articles – All 5 versions
[PDF] Dependency-Based Answer Validation for German [PDF] from clef2011.org S Babych, A Henn, J Pawellek… – 2011 – clef2011.org … The Binary ruleset builds a literal for each pair of dependency edges with the same head without taking edges into account: perform(doctor,operation). 2 Note that prepositions should have been re-encoded as edge labels during the preceding syntactic normalization. Page 7. … Related articles – View as HTML – All 2 versions
Phrase-based document categorization revisited [PDF] from psu.edu CHA Koster… – Proceeding of the 2nd international workshop …, 2009 – dl.acm.org … In section two of this paper we will describe the use of dependency triples as terms for IR, introducing and moti- vating a dependency model based on the notion of aboutness and discussing the syntactic normalization of phrases, which is crucial for achieving recall. … Cited by 13 – Related articles – All 7 versions
[HTML] Named entity recognition for bacterial type IV secretion systems [HTML] from plos.org S Ananiadou, D Sullivan, W Black, GA Levow… – PLoS One, 2011 – dx.plos.org PLoS ONE: an inclusive, peer-reviewed, open-access resource from the PUBLIC LIBRARY OF SCIENCE. Reports of well-performed scientific studies from all disciplines freely available to the whole world. Cited by 4 – Related articles – Cached – All 7 versions
Attribute-centric referring expression generation [PDF] from jetteviethen.net R Dale… – Empirical methods in natural language generation, 2010 – dl.acm.org … two objects. The resulting corpus consists of 623 descriptions. As we are at this point only interested in the semantic content of these descriptions, we carried out a rigourous lexical and syntactic normalisation. In particular, we … Cited by 7 – Related articles – All 5 versions
Ariadne’s ChemEffect and Pathway Studio knowledge base A Yuryev, E Kotelnikova… – Expert Opinion on Drug …, 2009 – informahealthcare.com … The syntactic normalization includes passive voice normalization as well as noun phrase structure and conjunction normalization. It is designed to represent a single semantic relationship between two singular noun phrases. … Cited by 2 – Related articles
[PDF] Collocations in a rule-based MT system: A case study evaluation of their translation adequacy [PDF] from unipi.it E Wehrli, V Seretan, L Nerima… – Proceedings of the 13th …, 2009 – mailserver.di.unipi.it … One important function of a” deep” syntactic parser is to establish a syntactic normalization of the sentence, that is a canonical way of represen- ting the fundamental structure of a sentence, ab- stracting away from the various surface structure differences due to grammatical (or … Cited by 5 – Related articles – View as HTML – All 5 versions
Phrase-Based Document Categorization [PDF] from ru.nl CHA Koster, JG Beney, S Verberne… – Current Challenges in …, 2011 – Springer … 265 of aboutness and discussing the syntactic normalization of phrases, which is crucial for achieving recall. In section three we describe the software and data resources used in our experi- ments: the test corpora, parsers and classification engines used. … Cited by 3 – Related articles – All 4 versions
Developing an intelligent tutoring system using natural language for knowledge representation [PDF] from pitt.edu SY Jung… – Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 2010 – Springer … m/s’. The strings entered by authors are represented inside the authoring system as de- pendency graphs after parsing [7]. The parser does syntactic normalization for pas- sive and active sentences. The translation process … Cited by 3 – Related articles – All 3 versions
Experiments with artificially generated noise for cleansing noisy text [PDF] from iiit.ac.in P Gadde, R Goutam, R Shah… – Proceedings of the …, 2011 – dl.acm.org Page 1. Experiments with artificially generated noise for cleansing noisy text Phani Gadde, Rahul Goutam, Rakshit Shah, Hemanth Sagar Bayyarapu Language Technologies Research Centre, IIIT-Hyderabad, India {phani.gadde … Related articles – All 3 versions
Code generation by model transformation [PDF] from psu.edu Z Hemel, L Kats… – Theory and Practice of Model Transformations, 2008 – Springer … In this section we illus- trate this with a discussion of typical transformations applied in such a pipeline: syntactic normalization, and the implementation of user-defined and generative abstractions. … 5.1 Syntactic Normalization … Cited by 23 – Related articles – BL Direct – All 9 versions
Integrating natural language techniques in OO-method I Díaz, L Moreno, I Fuentes… – Computational Linguistics and …, 2005 – Springer … Fig. 2. Activities Diagram for the OO-Method Linguistic Approach 2.1 Syntactic Normalization The … obtained. The Syntactic Normalization starts with the editing or transcription activity of the use case body and its descriptive information. … Cited by 17 – Related articles – All 7 versions
[PDF] Lexical issues of a syntactic approach to interactive patent retrieval [PDF] from kun.nl E D’hondt – The Proceedings of the 3rd BCSIRSG Symposium on …, 2009 – lands.let.kun.nl … of appearing as a term.3 While this syntactic normalisation usually improves recall [7], treating the information in sentences and inside terms in the same way has disadvantages for lexical normalisation. If a patent searcher is … Cited by 3 – Related articles – View as HTML – All 5 versions
Recurrent neural network classifier for three layer conceptual network and performance evaluation [PDF] from academypublisher.com K Rhaman… – Computer and Information Technology, …, 2008 – ieeexplore.ieee.org … B. Text normalization Text normalization is an essential step for minimizing noise variations among words and utterances. The text normalization component is essentially based on using synonyms and other forms of syntactic normalization. … Cited by 1 – Related articles – All 17 versions
[PDF] Three layer conceptual network dialog processor [PDF] from bracuniversity.ac.bd MK Rhaman… – … International Conference on AI and Soft …, 2008 – bracuniversity.ac.bd … 3.1.1 Text normalization Text normalization is an essential step for minimizing “noise” variations among words and utterances. The text normalization component is essentially based on using synonyms and other forms of syntactic normalization. … Cited by 1 – Related articles – View as HTML – All 6 versions
[PDF] A Data Quality Methodology for Heterogeneous Data [PDF] from psu.edu B Carlo, B Daniele, C Federico… – International Journal of …, 2011 – Citeseer … The merging program assumes that different rows from the HTML streams are between < tr >< /tr > tags; this program accomplishes some syntactic normalization by resolving common abbreviations on addresses and conventions on phone numbers (like sq for square or … Cited by 2 – Related articles – View as HTML – All 5 versions
[PDF] Survey on Feature Selection in Document Clustering [PDF] from enggjournals.com MSK Mugunthadevi, M Punitha… – International …, 2011 – enggjournals.com … Since we use HTML, the extraction process requires fetching a Web document, cleaning it up using a syntactic normalization algorithm, and then, locating “objects of interest” in this Web page. This is done by first locating the minimal object-rich sub tree. … Related articles – View as HTML – All 3 versions
Data Modeling And Accounting Information Systems [PDF] from cluteonline.com Y Shahwan – Review of Business Information Systems ( …, 2011 – journals.cluteonline.com … Number 3 argued that syntactic normalization of the database relational model proved superior in most conceptual and logical systems and network classes due to its application to the problems of redundancy and consistency in the user’s model. … Related articles – All 3 versions
Semantically-driven extraction of relations between named entities C Brun… – EP Patent 2,172,849, 2010 – freepatentsonline.com … Additionally, this example shows the benefit of applying deep syntax (“syntactic normalization”), as described in Caroline Hagège, Claude Roux, Entre syntaxe et sémantique: Normalisation de l’analyse syntaxique en vue de l’amélioration de l’extraction d’information. … Cited by 1 – Related articles – Cached
Exploring structural differences in thesauri for SKOS-based applications [PDF] from univie.ac.at H Nagy, T Pellegrini… – … of the 7th International Conference on …, 2011 – dl.acm.org … concepts. Autocompletion. A thesaurus can support autocomplete functionalities, the syntactic normalization of free text input by providing rec- ommendations on top of a string analysis from the input field. Autocomplete supports … Cited by 2 – Related articles – All 2 versions
A Novel Method for Extracting Information from Web Pages with Multiple Presentation Templates [PDF] from academypublisher.com Q Li, Y Ding, A Feng… – Journal of Software, 2010 – academypublisher.com … be fetched from a remote site. Second, the fetched page will be cleaned using the syntactic normalization algorithm, which transforms the given web page into a well-formed web document. Third, the well-formed web document … Related articles – All 8 versions
Searching the web: From keywords to semantic queries [PDF] from unizar.es JA Royo, E Mena, J Bernad… – … and Applications, 2005 …, 2005 – ieeexplore.ieee.org … synonyms get alternative I am the user Ontology Repository Figure 1. Main steps 1. Discovering the semantics of the user keywords: After performing syntactic normalization, the system obtains the possible meanings of each user keywords using a thesaurus. … Cited by 12 – Related articles – All 7 versions
Code generation by model transformation: a case study in transformation modularity [PDF] from tudelft.nl Z Hemel, LCL Kats, DM Groenewegen… – Software and Systems …, 2010 – Springer Page 1. Softw Syst Model (2010) 9:375-402 DOI 10.1007/s10270-009-0136-1 SPECIAL SECTION PAPER Code generation by model transformation: a case study in transformation modularity Zef Hemel · Lennart CL Kats · Danny M. Groenewegen · Eelco Visser … Cited by 12 – Related articles – All 8 versions
[BOOK] Toward element-level interoperability in bibliographic metadata [HTML] from code4lib.org CJ Godby, D Smith… – 2008 – journal.code4lib.org … The syntactic normalization step also simplifies the translation. As Figures 3 and 6 show, the Morfrom representation eliminates many superficial differences between ONIX and MARC and hence the complexity of the rules required to map the two standards. … Cited by 8 – Related articles – Cached – Library Search – All 3 versions
Ambiguity and Contradiction From a Morpho-Syntactic Prototype Perspective [PDF] from palermo.edu MDL Luise – Innovations and Advanced Techniques in Systems, …, 2008 – Springer … Proc. of the 19th international conference on Computational linguistics – Vol 2.pp 1 – 5. 2002. [19] Langer H. Syntactic Normalization of Spontaneous Speech. Proc. of the 13th conference on Computational linguistics – Vol 3. Helsinki, Finland. pp 180 – 183. 1990. … Related articles – All 3 versions
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PROVIDING A SAVINGS OPPORTUNITY IN ASSOCIATION WITH A FINANCIAL ACCOUNT RV Satyavolu, S Kothari… – US Patent …, 2012 – freepatentsonline.com … Normalization occurs via at least one of two methods, semantic normalization, syntactic normalization, and the like. … In syntactic normalization, the data normalization platform 118 possesses certain information to convert certain patterns to others. … Cached
[PDF] Parsing the medline corpus [PDF] from ru.nl C Koster, M Seutter… – Proceedings RANLP 2007, 2007 – agfl.cs.ru.nl … 4 Page 5. • robust lexicalization, including tokenization and lexicon-based Named Entity Recognition • robust syntax analysis • syntactic normalization • transduction to dependency trees • unnesting to dependency triples • lemmatization of all words in the triples. … Cited by 5 – Related articles – View as HTML – All 8 versions
Query reformulation and refinement using nlp-based sentence clustering [PDF] from 217.109.185.161 F Roulland, A Kaplan, S Castellani, C Roux… – … in Information Retrieval, 2007 – Springer … The morpho-syntactic normalization consists of dropping function words such as determiners and auxiliary verbs, transforming passive constructions to active, and lemmatization, which in English consists of replacing plural nouns with their sin- gular forms and conjugated verbs … Cited by 8 – Related articles – BL Direct – All 15 versions
Employing clustering techniques for automatic information extraction from HTML documents F Ashraf, T Ozyer… – Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, …, 2008 – ieeexplore.ieee.org … VOL. 38, NO. 5, SEPTEMBER 2008 leaf nodes. The extraction process requires fetching a Web doc- ument, cleaning it up using a syntactic normalization algorithm, and then, locating “objects of interest” in this Web page. This … Cited by 19 – Related articles – All 3 versions
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PROVIDING A FUTURE REWARD THROUGH A USER FINANCIAL INSTRUMENT R Satyavolu, S Kothari… – US Patent …, 2012 – freepatentsonline.com … Normalization occurs via at least one of two methods, semantic normalization, syntactic normalization, and the like. … In syntactic normalization, the data normalization platform 118 possesses certain information to convert certain patterns to others. … Cached
Towards effective two-level supercompilation [PDF] from keldysh.ru IG Klyuchnikov – 2010 – keldysh.ru … 13. The tick normalization technique has something in common with the idea of normalizing some intermediate results of supercompilation, for example, with the syntactic normalization of expressions performed by Neil Mitchell [16]. Cited by 2 – Related articles – All 3 versions
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PROVIDING REWARDS THROUGH A USER FINANCIAL INSTRUMENT R Satyavolu, S Kothari… – US Patent …, 2012 – freepatentsonline.com … Normalization occurs via at least one of two methods, semantic normalization, syntactic normalization, and the like. … In syntactic normalization, the data normalization platform 118 possesses certain information to convert certain patterns to others. … Cached
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PROVIDING A SAVINGS OPPORTUNITY MATCHED TO A SPEND PATTERN IN ASSOCIATION WITH A FINANCIAL ACCOUNT R Satyavolu, S Kothari, S Daredia… – US Patent …, 2012 – freepatentsonline.com … Normalization occurs via at least one of two methods, semantic normalization, syntactic normalization, and the like. … In syntactic normalization, the data normalization platform 118 possesses certain information to convert certain patterns to others. … Cached
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR FINANCIAL INSTITUTION-AND MERCHANT-DRIVEN SAVINGS OPPORTUNITY MATCHING R Satyavolu, S Kothari, S Daredia… – US Patent …, 2012 – freepatentsonline.com … Normalization occurs via at least one of two methods, semantic normalization, syntactic normalization, and the like. … In syntactic normalization, the data normalization platform 118 possesses certain information to convert certain patterns to others. … Cached
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PROVIDING SOCIALLY ENABLED REWARDS THROUGH A USER FINANCIAL INSTRUMENT R Satyavolu, S Kothari… – US Patent …, 2012 – freepatentsonline.com … Normalization occurs via at least one of two methods, semantic normalization, syntactic normalization, and the like. … In syntactic normalization, the data normalization platform 118 possesses certain information to convert certain patterns to others. … Cached
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PROVIDING A GEO-ENHANCED SAVINGS OPPORTUNITY IN ASSOCIATION WITH A FINANCIAL ACCOUNT R Satyavolu, S Kothari… – US Patent …, 2012 – freepatentsonline.com … Normalization occurs via at least one of two methods, semantic normalization, syntactic normalization, and the like. … In syntactic normalization, the data normalization platform 118 possesses certain information to convert certain patterns to others. … Cached
[HTML] Survey-based naming conventions for use in OBO Foundry ontology development [HTML] from biomedcentral.com D Schober, B Smith, SE Lewis… – BMC …, 2009 – biomedcentral.com … MSI ontology working groups. An example that illustrates how syntactic normalization enhances readability and navigability of the OBI ontology class hierarchy can be found on the OBO Foundry wiki [10]. The usefulness of design … Cited by 18 – Related articles – Cached – All 10 versions
On Progression and Query Evaluation in First-Order Knowledge Bases with Function Symbols [PDF] from rwth-aachen.de V Belle… – Proc. IJCAI, 2011 – aaai.org … to satisfy. Unrestricted first- order initial theories is clearly asking too much, but deductive reasoning with proper + KBs, which can be seen as a language restriction via syntactic normalization, remains undecidable. There is … Cited by 1 – Related articles – All 5 versions
What Are Tweeters Doing: Recognizing Speech Acts in Twitter R Zhang, D Gao… – Workshops at the Twenty-Fifth AAAI Conference …, 2011 – aaai.org … Technical report, University of Colorado Institute of Cognitive Science. Kaufmann, M., and Kalita, J. 2010. Syntactic Normalization of Twitter Messages. In Proceedings of ICON-2010: 8th International Conference on Natural Language Processing. Levinson, S. 1983. Pragmatics. … Related articles – All 4 versions
[PDF] An Architecture for Document Routing in Spanish: Two Language Components, Pre-Processor and Parser [PDF] from psu.edu G Rojo, MC Álvarez, P Alvariño, A Gil… – Culture, 2007 – Citeseer … All AVALON_PhL.gra rules are provided with transduction, this satisfies the first stage in the so-called process of syntactic normalization, which tries to overcome surface or trivial differences from the point of view of classification between phrases, obtaining the same terms from … Cited by 1 – Related articles – View as HTML – All 19 versions
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PROVIDING A FACILITY FOR CONDITIONAL PURCHASES R Satyavolu, S Kothari, S Daredia… – US Patent …, 2012 – freepatentsonline.com … Normalization occurs via at least one of two methods, semantic normalization, syntactic normalization, and the like. … In syntactic normalization, the data normalization platform 118 possesses certain information to convert certain patterns to others. … Cached – All 2 versions
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR MATCHING A SAVINGS OPPORTUNITY USING CENSUS DATA R Satyavolu, S Kothari, S Daredia… – US Patent …, 2012 – freepatentsonline.com … Normalization occurs via at least one of two methods, semantic normalization, syntactic normalization, and the like. … In syntactic normalization, the data normalization platform 118 possesses certain information to convert certain patterns to others. … Cached – All 4 versions
Through the Twitter Glass: Detecting Questions in Micro-Text [PDF] from parc.com K Dent… – Workshop on Analyzing Microtext at the 25th AAAI …, 2011 – aaai.org … 07, 56-65. New York, NY, USA: ACM. Kaufmann, M. 2010. Syntactic Normalization of Twitter Messages. studies Vol. 2. Kittur, A.; Chi, EH; and Suh, B. 2008. Crowdsourcing user studies with mechanical turk. In Proceeding of … Cited by 1 – Related articles – All 6 versions
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR USER-DRIVEN SAVINGS OPPORTUNITY MATCHING R Satyavolu, S Kothari… – US Patent …, 2012 – freepatentsonline.com … Normalization occurs via at least one of two methods, semantic normalization, syntactic normalization, and the like. … In syntactic normalization, the data normalization platform 118 possesses certain information to convert certain patterns to others. … Cached
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PLATFORM-DRIVEN SAVINGS OPPORTUNITY MATCHING R Satyavolu, S Kothari, S Daredia… – US Patent …, 2012 – freepatentsonline.com … Normalization occurs via at least one of two methods, semantic normalization, syntactic normalization, and the like. … In syntactic normalization, the data normalization platform 118 possesses certain information to convert certain patterns to others. … Cached
Semantically-Driven Extraction of Relations between Named Entities [PDF] from xerox.com C Brun… – US Patent App. 12/241,347, 2008 – Google Patents Page 1. (i9) United States (12) Patent Application Publication Brim et al. US 20100082331A1 (io) Pub. No.: US 2010/0082331 Al (43) Pub. Date: Apr. 1, 2010 (54) SEMANTICALLY-DRIVEN EXTRACTION OF RELATIONS BETWEEN … Related articles – All 20 versions
[PDF] Online Visualization of Traditional Quranic Grammar using Dependency Graphs [PDF] from kaisdukes.com K Dukes, ABM Sharaf… – Foundations of Arab Linguistics …, 2010 – kaisdukes.com … a sentence. In some sense, reconstruction is a form of ‘syntactic normalization’ which allows implicit syntactic roles to be made explicit, and allows grammatical constraints to be uniformly satisfied across all analyses. Except … Cited by 2 – Related articles – View as HTML – All 8 versions
To provide guidelines for designing new mediation tools and identifying matching technique: a classification framework approach NKY Leung, SK Lau, J Fan, SH Kang… – Proceedings of the 11th …, 2009 – dl.acm.org … In some cases, syntactic normalization is involved in the feature engineering task, that is, natural language processing techniques such as tokenization, lemmatization and elimination are adopted to normalize the syntactic heterogeneity [13, 16]. … Cited by 1 – Related articles
[PDF] Customer Interaction Management with SCM [PDF] from infonomics-society.org J Schuster… – 2011 – infonomics-society.org … 99. [13] Laboreiro, G., Sarmento, L., Teixeira, J., and Oliveira, E. (2010) ‘Tokenizing Micro-Blogging Messages using a Text Classification Approach’, in AND’10: Toronto, Ontario, Canada. [14] Kaufmann, M. (2010) ‘Syntactic Normalization of Twitter Messages’, studies, pp. 1-7; … View as HTML
[PDF] Using Natural Language as Knowledge Representation in an Intelligent Tutoring System [PDF] from pitt.edu SY Jung – 2011 – d-scholarship.pitt.edu Page 1. i Using Natural Language as Knowledge Representation in an Intelligent Tutoring System By Sung-Young Jung Bachelor, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1994 Master, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 1996 … Related articles – View as HTML – All 2 versions
Querying the web: A multiontology disambiguation method [PDF] from unizar.es J Gracia, R Trillo, M Espinoza… – Proceedings of the 6th …, 2006 – dl.acm.org … different purposes, such as the construction of formal queries. These two steps will be detailed along in sections 3 and 4, respectively. 3. OBTAINING CANDIDATE SENSES Before looking for the candidate senses of the keywords a syntactic normalization is performed. … Cited by 38 – Related articles – All 11 versions
Ontology-based natural language query processing for the biological domain [PDF] from upenn.edu J Liang, T Nguyen, K Koperski… – Proceedings of the …, 2006 – dl.acm.org … It operates at the morphological, lexical and syntactic levels. Syntactic normalization in- volves transformational rules that recognize the equivalence of different structures, eg: • Verb Phrase Normalization – elimination of tense, modality and voice. … Cited by 3 – Related articles – All 17 versions
Understanding chemical terminology U Reyle – Terminology, 2006 – ingentaconnect.com … For occur- rences of more complex terms such as deoxy-D-ribose or deoxy-erythro-pentose the mapping must involve morpho-syntactic normalisation, for which differ- ent types of algorithms have been proposed (for a discussion see Krauthammer Page 3. … Cited by 10 – Related articles – BL Direct – All 3 versions
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR SPEND PATTERN ANALYSIS AND APPLICATIONS THEREOF R Satyavolu, S Kothari… – US Patent …, 2012 – freepatentsonline.com … Normalization occurs via at least one of two methods, semantic normalization, syntactic normalization, and the like. … In syntactic normalization, the data normalization platform 118 possesses certain information to convert certain patterns to others. … Cached
Source-to-source optimizing transformations of Prolog programs based on abstract interpretation [PDF] from arxiv.org F Gobert… – Arxiv preprint arXiv:0710.5895, 2007 – arxiv.org … STEP A: Syntactic normalisation. … This step is called semantic normalisation to distinguish it with the syntactic normalisation performed at the step A: the optimiser uses the semantic infor- mation available at each program point about the structure, the mode, the type, Page 12. … Cited by 1 – Related articles – All 6 versions
Learning textual entailment on a distance feature space [PDF] from pp.ua M Pazienza, M Pennacchiotti… – Machine Learning Challenges. …, 2006 – Springer Page 1. Learning Textual Entailment on a Distance Feature Space Maria Teresa Pazienza1, Marco Pennacchiotti1, and Fabio Massimo Zanzotto2 1 University of Roma Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, Roma, Italy {pazienza … Cited by 2 – Related articles – BL Direct – All 10 versions
What is the Conversation About?: A Topic-Model-Based Approach for Analyzing Customer Sentiments in Twitter S Sommer, A Schieber, K Heinrich… – International Journal of …, 2012 – igi-global.com Page 1. 10 International Journal of Intelligent Information Technologies, 8(1), 10-25, January-March 2012 Copyright (c) 2012, IGI Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited. …
Exploiting symmetry in SMT problems [PDF] from verit-solver.org D Déharbe, P Fontaine, S Merz… – … Deduction-CADE-23, 2011 – Springer … problem of such formulas. Intuitively, the formula ? is invariant wrt permutations of uninter- preted symbols if, modulo some syntactic normalization, it is left unchanged when the symbols are permuted. Formally, the notion of … Related articles – All 15 versions
Experiments on Robust NL Question Interpretation and Multi-layered Document Annotation for a Cross-Language Question/Answering System [PDF] from dfki.de G Neumann… – … Information Access for Text, Speech and …, 2005 – Springer … scopus etc. The same is true for a selective, local integration of domain-specific information (eg, to perform a sort of concept-spotting on basis of domain-independent syntactic normalization of relevant text fragments). For that … Cited by 44 – Related articles – BL Direct – All 13 versions
Organizing Thematic, Geographic, and Temporal Knowledge in a Well-Founded Navigation Space: Logical and Algorithmic Foundations for EFGT Nets L Brunner, KU Schulz… – International Journal of Web …, 2006 – igi-global.com … expressions. To simplify inference and search and to minimize storage demands, EFGT identifiers are normalized as follows. Definition 7: The following syntactic normalization steps define a syntactic normal form for identifiers: 1 … Cited by 4 – Related articles – All 5 versions
EigenCFA: Accelerating flow analysis with GPUs [PDF] from might.net T Prabhu, S Ramalingam, M Might… – ACM SIGPLAN Notices, 2011 – dl.acm.org Page 1. EigenCFA: Accelerating Flow Analysis with GPUs Tarun Prabhu, Shreyas Ramalingam, Matthew Might, Mary Hall University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA {tarunp,sramalin,might,mhall}@cs.utah.edu Abstract We … Cited by 9 – Related articles – All 10 versions
To have linguistic tree structures in statistical machine translation? KY Su – … Processing and Knowledge Engineering, 2005. IEEE …, 2005 – ieeexplore.ieee.org … better strategy for statistical MT systems. To implement the strategy suggested above, the solution proposed in [9] first performs syntactic normalization on the obtained parse-tree (mainly flattening the tree structure), and then … Cited by 2 – Related articles – All 2 versions
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PROVIDING A SAVINGS OPPORTUNITY IN ASSOCIATION WITH A FINANCIAL ACCOUNT RV Satyavolu, S Kothari… – US Patent App. 13/082,606, 2011 – Google Patents Page 1. US 20110246281A1 <19) United States <12) Patent Application Publication <10) Pub. No.: US 2011/0246281 A1 Satyavolu et al. (43) Pub. Date: Oct. 6, 2011 (54) SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PROVIDINGA Publication … All 4 versions
Voice-enabled dialog system G Di Fabbrizio, DL Dutton, NK Gupta… – US Patent …, 2011 – Google Patents Page 1. inn iiiiiii hi mi mi iiiiijjiijiii jiiijii inn win mi mi mi (12) United States Patent Di Fabbrizio et al. (io) Patent No.: (45) Date of Patent: US 7,869,998 Bl Jan. 11,2011 (54) VOICE-ENABLED DIALOG SYSTEM (75) Inventors: Giuseppe … Cited by 1 – Related articles – All 3 versions
Ontology alignment mechanisms for improving web-based searching [PDF] from dmu.ac.uk MM Taye – 2009 – dora.dmu.ac.uk Page 1. Ontology Alignment Mechanisms for Improving Web-based Searching Ph.D. Thesis Mohammad Mustafa Taye This thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the Doctor of Philosophy Awarded by Faculty of Technology De Montfort University … Cited by 5 – Related articles – All 7 versions
?????????????????: ????? ?? – 2010 – cdmd.cnki.com.cn … Type (type B1)110-111; 5.4.2.2 Obligatory Shift (type B2)111-112; 5.4.2.3 Non-obligatory Shift (type B3)112-116; 5.5 Summary116-118; Chapter Six Syntactic Normalization118-149; 6.1 Hypotacticalization of Translated Chinese … Cached
Long term preservation of product lifecycle metadata in OAIS archives [PDF] from fernuni-hagen.de J Brunsmann – 2012 – deposit.fernuni-hagen.de Page 1. Long-term Preservation of Product Lifecycle Metadata in OAIS Archives Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktor rer. nat. der Fakultät für Mathematik und Informatik der FernUniversität in Hagen von Diplom-Informatiker, Diplom-Kaufmann …
System and method of spoken language understanding in a spoken dialog service NK Gupta, MG Rahim… – US Patent 7,451,089, 2008 – Google Patents … This has the potential of increasing the effective size of the train- ing-set and improving the SLU 34 accuracy. The text normal- ization component is essentially based on using morphology, synonyms and other forms of syntactic normalization. … Cited by 9 – Related articles – All 2 versions
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR COMPARING ALTERNATIVE SAVINGS ACCOUNTS OFFERINGS RV Satyavolu, S Perumal… – US Patent App. 12/533,618, 2009 – Google Patents Page 1. US 20l0Ol85491Al <12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2010/0185491 A1 <19) United States Satyavolu et al. (43) Pub. Date: Jul. 22, 2010 (54) SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR COMPARING Publication … All 2 versions
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PROVIDING A MERCHANT BILL ASSESSMENT GRAPHICAL INTERFACE FOR INDICATION OF SAVINGS OPPORTUNITY RV Satyavolu, S Kothari… – US Patent App. 13/082,762, 2011 – Google Patents Page 1. US 201 10251934A1 <19) United States <12) Patent Application Publication <10) Pub. No.: US 2011/0251934 A1 Satyavolu et al. (43) Pub. Date: Oct. 13, 2011 (54) SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PROVIDINGA Publication … All 2 versions
Réécriture et détection d’implication textuelle [PDF] from inria.fr P Bedaride, C Gardent – 2008 – hal.inria.fr … Mots-clés : Normalisation syntaxique, Détection d’implication textuelle, Réécriture de graphe. Keywords: Syntactic normalisation, Recognising Textual Entailment, Graph rewriting. inria-00336218, version 1 – 3 Nov 2008 Manuscrit … Cited by 1 – Related articles – All 11 versions
Comparing Twitter Summarization Algorithms for Multiple Post Summaries [PDF] from uccs.edu D Inouye… – … Security, Risk and Trust (PASSAT), 2011 …, 2011 – ieeexplore.ieee.org Page 1. Comparing Twitter Summarization Algorithms for Multiple Post Summaries David Inouye* and Jugal K. Kalita+ *School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, Georgia 30332 USA … Related articles – All 2 versions
The trials of translation: from global cultural flow to domestic relocation JF Duarte – Journal of Romance Studies, 2011 – ingentaconnect.com … the translator makes the text read as if it been originally written in the target language, thus cancelling out for the English reader the experience of coming across hybridity; that is, a text that reads like a translation of itself (see section 2). 3) Syntactic normalization in the target … Related articles
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR NORMALIZING ALTERNATIVE SERVICE PLANS RV Satyavolu, S Perumal… – US Patent App. 12/533,386, 2009 – Google Patents Page 1. US 20lOOl85454Al <12) Patent Application Publication <10) Pub. No.: US 2010/0185454 A1 <19) United States Satyavolu et al. (43) Pub. Date: Jul. 22, 2010 (54) SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR (60) Provisional application No. 61/ 146,120, ?led on Jan. … All 2 versions
Artificial agents and their ontological status [PDF] from archives-ouvertes.fr D Berthier – 2006 – hal-institut-telecom.archives- … … levels of physical compatibility between computers and network equipments; – the level(s) of network protocols and data exchange; – the clasical level of data and programs interoperability: databases interoperability (with the two aspects of syntactic normalization – SQL – and … Related articles – All 10 versions
The Marquis of Wei-chi and Wu-an, Memoir 47 T Ying – The Grand Scribe’s Records: The Memoirs of Han …, 2010 – books.google.com … ?? ?, ? ?, ? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ? ?. This syntactic normalization in the Han shu suggests that the less crafted account in the Shih chi was the earlier text. There is a major difference between the Shih chi and Han shu … Related articles
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR COMPARING ALTERNATIVE COMBINED INTERNET, TELEVISION, AND TELEPHONE SERVICE PLANS RV Satyavolu, S Perumal… – US Patent App. 12/533,678, 2009 – Google Patents Page 1. US 20l0Ol85492Al <12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2010/0185492 A1 <19) United States Satyavolu et al. (43) Pub. Date: Jul. 22, 2010 (54) SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR COMPARING Publication … All 2 versions
SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR COMPARING ALTERNATIVE WIRELESS SERVICE OFFERINGS RV Satyavolu, S Perumal… – US Patent App. 12/533,517, 2009 – Google Patents Page 1. US 20lOOl85490A1 <12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2010/0185490 A1 <19) United States Satyavolu et al. (43) Pub. Date: Jul. 22, 2010 (54) SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR COMPARING Publication … All 2 versions
METHOD FOR DETERMINING A PERSONALIZED TRUE COST OF SERVICE OFFERINGS RV Satyavolu, S Perumal… – US Patent App. 12/501,572, 2009 – Google Patents Page 1. US 20100185489A1 <12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2010/0185489 A1 <19) United States Satyavolu et al. (43) Pub. Date: Jul. 22, 2010 (54) METHOD FOR DETERMINING A Publication Classi?cation … All 2 versions
Learning Entailment Relations by Global Graph Structure Optimization [PDF] from rug.nl J Berant, I Dagan… – Computational Linguistics, 2012 – MIT Press … considers all dependency paths between every pair of nouns in the parse tree. We also apply over the extracted paths the syntactic normalization procedure described by Szpektor and Dagan (2007), which includes transforming passive forms into active … Related articles – All 7 versions
[CITATION] Ghosts of Meter: Dickinson, After Long Silence C Pugh – The Emily Dickinson Journal, 2007 – The Johns Hopkins University Press Cited by 2 – Related articles
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[PDF] Compiler-assisted concurrency abstraction for resource-constrained embedded devices [PDF] from vanderbilt.edu J Sallai – 2008 – etd.library.vanderbilt.edu Page 1. COMPILER-ASSISTED CONCURRENCY ABSTRACTION FOR RESOURCE- CONSTRAINED EMBEDDED DEVICES By Janos Sallai Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Vanderbilt University in partial fulfillment of the requirements … Cited by 1 – Related articles – View as HTML – Library Search – All 6 versions
Strategies for amassing, characterizing, and applying third-party metadata in bioinformatics [PDF] from ubc.ca BMG Good – 2009 – circle.ubc.ca Page 1. STRATEGIES FOR AMASSING, CHARACTERIZING, AND APPLYING THIRD-PARTY METADATA IN BIOINFORMATICS by BENJAMIN MCGEE GOOD B.Sc., The University of California at San Diego, 1998 M.Sc., The University of Sussex, 2000 … Related articles – All 2 versions
A methodical approach to extracting interesting objects from dynamic web pages [PDF] from gatech.edu L Liu, D Buttler, J Caverlee… – … Journal of Web and Grid Services, 2005 – Inderscience … Second, the fetched page will be cleaned using a syntactic normalisation algorithm, which transforms the given web page into a well-formed web document objects Tag / Tag paths extraction Minimal subtree Extracted Well-formed Subtree rule Tag rule … Cited by 5 – Related articles – All 14 versions
[PDF] A Sociometric Analysis of London-Based Tweeters [PDF] from than.biz J Ellis, L Capra… – 2011 – jona.than.biz Page 1. Community 2.0 A Sociometric Analysis of London-Based Tweeters May 2011 Jonathan Ellis MEng Computer Science University College London Supervisors Dr Licia Capra, University College London Dr Daniele Quercia, University of Cambridge … Related articles – View as HTML – All 2 versions
The enterprise service bus: making service-oriented architecture real [PDF] from assembla.com MT Schmidt, B Hutchison, P Lambros… – IBM Systems …, 2005 – ieeexplore.ieee.org … interfaces, and BPEL for specification of sequencing constraints. Standards play an important role in advancing the syntactic normalization of meta-data about inter- action endpoints. Nevertheless, in many cases, especially in ESB … Cited by 168 – Related articles – All 18 versions
[PDF] Structured Data Extraction [PDF] from umu.se E Schlyter – 2007 – cs.umu.se Page 1. Structured Data Extraction Erik Schlyter December 12, 2007 Master’s Thesis in Computing Science, 30 credits Supervisor at CS-UmU: Michael Minock Examiner: Perl Lindström Ume°a University Department of Computing Science SE-901 87 UMEÅ SWEDEN Page 2. … Related articles – View as HTML – All 5 versions
[PDF] Spoken language lexicography: an integrative framework [PDF] from homedns.org D Gibbon – Forum Translationswissenschaft, forthcoming, 2005 – gibbon.homedns.org Page 1. To appear in: Lew Zybatow, ed., Forum Translationswissenschaft, Innsbruck Spoken language lexicography: an integrative framework Dafydd Gibbon 1 Integrating lexical information Everybody knows (so they say) that … Cited by 3 – Related articles – View as HTML – All 5 versions
Hesitations and repair in German [PDF] from du.se KB Fägersten – Disfluency in Spontaneous Speech, 2005 – isca-speech.org … 2000. The Phonology of English as an International Language. Oxford: OUP. [17] Langer, H. (1990). Syntactic normalization of spontaneous speech. Proceedings of COLING 90, pp. 180-183. [18] Levelt, W. 1989. Speaking: From intention to articulation. … Related articles – All 5 versions
Modular machine code verification [PDF] from dtic.mil Z Ni – 2007 – DTIC Document Page 1. Abstract Modular Machine Code Verification Zhaozhong Ni 2007 Formally establishing safety properties of software presents a grand challenge to the computer science community. Producing proof-carrying code, ie, machine code with … Cited by 2 – Related articles – Library Search – All 5 versions
Ontology refinement for improved information retrieval in the biomedical domain [TXT] from uji.es AJ Jimeno Yepes – 2009 – repositori.uji.es UNIVERSITAT JAUME I DPTO. DE LENGUAJES Y SISTEMAS INFORM?ATICOS Ontology Refinement for Improved Information Retrieval in the Biomedical Domain Ph. D. Thesis Presented by Antonio Jos?e JIMENO YEPES … Related articles – All 6 versions
[BOOK] Bridging the semantic gap: Exploring descriptive vocabulary for image structure [PDF] from unc.edu C Beebe – 2006 – books.google.com … 4.1 Data collection 84 4.1.1 Design 84 4.1.2 Materials 85 4.1.3 Subjects 89 4.1.4 Procedure 89 4.2 Data processing 90 4.2.1 Transcribing oral descriptions 91 4.2.2 Building the controlled vocabulary 93 4.2.3 Word list 95 4.2.4 Stop words 97 4.2.5 Syntactic normalization 100 4.2 … Cited by 1 – Related articles – Library Search – All 13 versions
[PDF] Understanding Parametric Shape Analysis [PDF] from psu.edu MM Jensen – 2005 – Citeseer Page 1. Understanding Parametric Shape Analysis Martin Mosegaard Jensen Master’s Thesis December 16, 2005 Advisor: Anders Møller Department of Computer Science University of Aarhus Denmark Page 2. Page 3. Abstract … Cited by 1 – Related articles – View as HTML – Library Search – All 4 versions
[PDF] Streaming trend detection in twitter [PDF] from uccs.edu J Benhardus – National Science Foundation REU for Artificial …, 2010 – cs.uccs.edu … Projects, 2010. Forthcoming [7] JM Kaufmann, “Syntactic Normalization of Twitter Messages,” In REU Site for Artificial Intelligence, Natural Language Processing and Information Retrieval Research Projects, 2010. Forthcoming … Cited by 3 – Related articles – View as HTML
[PDF] Towards putting abstract interpretation of Prolog into practice: design, implementation, and evaluation of a tool to verify and optimise Prolog programs [PDF] from academielouvain.be F Gobert – 2007 – dial.academielouvain.be … 264 F.7 Checking a procedure wrt a specification . . . . . 268 G Source-to-source transformations 269 G.1 Equivalence of clauses and of procedures . . . . . 269 G.2 Syntactic normalisation . . . . . 270 G.3 Code annotation by the checker . . . . . … Related articles – View as HTML – Library Search – All 9 versions