The system makes then suggestions based on the content of the question ontology and its relationships with the domain ontology. (Semantic web) services for e-learning DE Millard, K Doody, HC Davis, L Gilbert… – International Journal of …, 2008 – Inderscience question RDF —– question ontology subject ontology syllabus RDF —– syllabus ontology Page 7. The first is a question ontology that describes all the properties of a question’s structure and purpose. Using goal modeling to capture competency questions in ontology-based systems PCB Fernandes, RSS Guizzardi… – Journal of Information …, 2011 – seerlccufmgbr Page 1. second, we add semantic interpretation of the mapping between the ‘domain’ ontology and the target ‘question’ ontology. Classifying what-type questions by head noun tagging F Li, X Zhang, J Yuan, X Zhu – … of the 22nd International Conference on …, 2008 – dlacmorg Table 1. Question Ontology 5500 ques- tions are selected for training, and 500 questions are selected for testing. The classification catego- ries have been introduced as question ontology in section 1. Question generation and answering F Linnebank, J Liem, B Bredeweg – DynaLearn, EC FP7 STREP …, 2010 – hcsscienceuvanl A question and question request import the question ontology, but also the super state and QR vocabulary. The question request is represented using concepts in the question ontology, but also refers to concepts in the super state and QR vocabulary. Question ontology, on the other hand, doesn?t share its base with other ontology. QuestionBody class in question ontology contains the question text. two kinds of indictors that are question ontology indictor and question supplementary indictor. 2 The Question Ontology Indicator The question ontology indicator is the question and the answer of question. Translating Natural Language Competency Questions into SPARQLQueries: A Case Study L Zemmouchi-Ghomari, AR Ghomari – WEB 2013, The First …, 2013 – thinkmind. Figure 1: (a) Classification according to a question ontology versus classification according to a set of clusters in the training data (b) Answering a new question using multiple strategies learned from training questions in each cluster (or ontology node). Boosting passage retrieval through reuse in question answering M Mansoori, H Hassanpour – International Journal of Engineering, 2012 – sid. Moreover, if an open domain QA system uses its own internal question ontology it is unlikely that it would extract answer entity stock in Q8 as an answer to Q7. …, 2008 – ieeexploreieeeorg Ontology learning methods from texts consist of extracting ontologies by applying natural language analysis techniques to texts, in our case the Malay literature. Ontology engineering aspects in the intelligent systems development A Czarnecki, C Or?owski – Knowledge-Based and Intelligent Information …, 2010 – Springer Page 1. Analysis of automatic translation of questions for question-answering systems. Retrieved 11 December, 2010 from http://wwwcsbhamacuk/~axs/misc/question- ontology. Finally, the system tries to match this user question ontology graph path with a reduced service target subset graph paths previously calculated in the background using some semantic distance algorithms. Problem Question ontology: it includes various problems raised in the production process, such as technology issues, quality problems, equipment and equipment problems and so on. The question ontology represents the domains from which the information seeker wants to get the answer. The Smart Office Hours Assistant: an Intelligent Student-Centered FAQ System A Al-Ayed, S Gamalel-Din – … on E-Learning, University of Bari, …, 2009 – booksgooglecom The modi?ed question ontology with relations between questions has been also implemented. Question Classification 21 Question type taxonomy The set of question categories (classes) are usually referred as question taxonomy or question ontology. Ontology-Based Question Analysis Method G Besbes, H Baazaoui-Zghal, A Moreno – Flexible Query Answering …, 2013 – Springer the user’s question. Second, a question graph, containing all the information about the question, is constructed based on a generic question graph using knowledge from WordNet and from a question ontology. The code above is the formalized knowledge representation of test question ontology, that is , the definition of questions metadata. In this paper, an architecture named S3 is presented, and some semantic connectors are designed to describe the relation between users’ question ontology and system knowledge ontology. The Beginnings Of Greek Ontology And The Question Of Temporal Being J Szaif – Unity and Time in Metaphysics, 2009 – booksgooglecom what there is”. 2 According to this question, ontology as a theory is an account of what types or categories of objects are part of our theory of the world and what their formal characteristics and relations are. An ontology modeling historical information has a very important characteristic: Concepts and instances involved most probably have evolved during the time-span in question. Research of passage retrieval for question answering system X Li – 2010 – dspacecityueduhk Figure 4 the Architecture of QA System15 Figure 5 the Question Ontology16 Figure 6 the Architecture of Community QA System (from (Liu et al. Question-answering systems: Development and prospects VA Lapshin – Automatic Documentation and Mathematical …, 2012 – Springer A set of categories that is used to classify questions can be called an ontology . Question ontology is usually a hierarchical structure, ie, a taxonomy whose upper level concepts appear to be rather pecu liar based on the function a question is set to perform. Research of Passage Retrieval for Question Answering System ??????????????? – 2010 – lbms03cityueduhk Figure 4 the Architecture of QA System15 Figure 5 the Question Ontology16 Figure 6 the Architecture of Community QA System (from (Liu et al. A Method to Develop Description Logic Ontologies Iteratively Based on Competency Questions: an Implementation Y Malheiros, F Freitas, R Tinto–PB–Brazil – ceur-ws. • Question generator: when the system cannot answer a question, because the on- tology does not have the necessary knowledge, it generates questions for the user, to gather more knowledge to answer the initial question; The system makes then suggestions based on the content of the question ontology and its relationships with the domain ontology. 5 Question Type Taxonomies The set of question categories (classes) are referred as question taxonomies or question ontology. com However, they are mostly based on fixed grammars, while the OWL-Path uses a question ontology that permits different ontologies in the ontology repository to be imported and includes restrictions allowed in OWL-DL language. A survey of state-of-the-art methods on question classification B Loni – Literature Survey, Published on TU Delft Repository, 2011 – repositorytudelftnl approaches of question classification. 3 Question Type Taxonomies The set of question categories (classes) are usually referred as question taxonomy or question ontology. Employing Ontologies In Resource-scarce Mobile Ad-hoc Networks: Translating From The Web Ontology Language (OWL) To Topic Maps R Juel – 2007 – duouiono Page 1. 289-290] argues that: Philosophers call the branch of metaphysics that addresses the ontological question ‘ontology’.