Notes:
ConcGrams are a type of concordance, which is a list of all the occurrences of a particular word or phrase in a text, along with the context in which it appears. A ConcGram is a visual representation of the concordance, typically created using a software tool.
ConcGrams are often used in language analysis and research, as they allow the user to see how a word or phrase is used in different contexts and to identify patterns and trends in the language. They can also be used as a teaching tool, to help students understand how a word or phrase is used in different contexts and to develop their vocabulary.
To create a ConcGram, the user typically selects a word or phrase of interest and inputs it into the concordance software, along with the text that they want to analyze. The software then generates a list of all the occurrences of the word or phrase in the text, along with the surrounding context. The user can then view the concordance in a visual format, with the word or phrase of interest highlighted in each occurrence. The ConcGram may also include additional information, such as part of speech, frequency, and other statistical data.
ConcGrams and ngrams are both types of language analysis tools that are used to examine patterns and trends in written or spoken language. However, they differ in their focus and approach.
ConcGrams (concordance grams) are a type of concordance, which is a list of all the occurrences of a particular word or phrase in a text, along with the context in which it appears. ConcGrams are typically used to examine how a specific word or phrase is used in different contexts and to identify patterns and trends in language use.
NGrams (n-grams) are a type of language model that analyze the frequency and distribution of sequences of words in a text. An n-gram is a contiguous sequence of n words from a text. For example, a bigram is a sequence of two words, a trigram is a sequence of three words, and so on. NGrams are used to analyze the co-occurrence and distribution of words in a text and can be used to identify patterns and trends in language use.
Skipgrams are a variant of n-grams that allow for “skipping” over words in the text. For example, a skipgram with a skip distance of 2 would analyze sequences of words that are two words apart, such as “the cat sat” in the sentence “The quick brown cat sat on the mat.” Skipgrams are used to analyze the relationships between words that are farther apart in a text and can be used to identify patterns and trends in language use.
Overall, ConcGrams and ngrams/skipgrams are both tools for analyzing language, but they differ in their focus and approach. ConcGrams are focused on specific words or phrases and the contexts in which they appear, while ngrams/skipgrams are focused on the co-occurrence and distribution of words in a text.
There are a variety of concordance software programs available, and the best one for you will depend on your specific needs and preferences. Some popular concordance software programs include:
- WordSmith Tools: This is a comprehensive concordance software program that includes a range of features and tools for analyzing language, including a concordancer, a word list generator, a collocation finder, and more.
- MonoConc: This is a free concordance software program that allows users to create and customize their own concordances. It has a simple interface and is easy to use, making it a good option for beginners.
- AntConc: This is a free concordance software program that is designed for use with large texts and has a range of features for analyzing language, including a concordancer, a word list generator, and a collocation finder.
- KWIC Concordancer: This is a simple, easy-to-use concordance software program that allows users to create concordances and customize the output.
Wikipedia:
See also:
Concordancers | Corpus Annotation Tools | N-gram & Tag Clouds | N-gram Dialog Systems | N-gram Grammars | N-gram Transducers (NGT)
From n-gram to skipgram to concgram [PDF] from polyu.edu.hkW Cheng, C Greaves… – International Journal of …, 2006 – ingentaconnect.com Abstract: Uncovering the extent of word associations and how they are manifested has been an important area of study in corpus linguistics since the 1960s (Sinclair et al. 1970). This paper defines and describes a new way of categorising word association, the concgram, … Cited by 57 – Related articles – All 5 versions
[CITATION] ConcGram 1.0: a phraseological search engine C Greaves… – 2009 – John Benjamins Publishing … Cited by 12 – Related articles – Library Search
Uncovering the extent of the phraseological tendency: towards a systematic analysis of concgrams W Cheng, C Greaves, JMH Sinclair… – Applied …, 2009 – Am Assoc Appl Ling Abstract This paper offers an analytical procedure for identifying phraseological variation within ‘concgrams'(Cheng et al. 2006), which are sets of words that co-occur regardless of constituency variation (eg AB and A* B), positional variation (eg AB and BA), or both. It … Cited by 7 – Related articles – All 6 versions
Concgramming: A computer driven approach to learning the phraseology of English C Greaves… – ReCALL, 2007 – Cambridge Univ Press Abstract This study introduces a new computer-based methodology,’concgramming’, that has as its primary aim the automatic identification of the phraseological profile and hence the ‘aboutness’, of a text or corpus. It is argued that this methodology can be employed by … Cited by 10 – Related articles – BL Direct – All 16 versions
[PDF] Concgramming: a corpus-driven approach to learning the phraseology of discipline-specific texts [PDF] from polyu.edu.hkW Cheng – CORELL: Computer Resources for Language …, 2007 – engl.polyu.edu.hk Abstract. The paper introduces an innovative computer-based methodology,’concgramming’, to automatically identify the phraseological profile, and hence the ‘aboutness’, of a text or a corpus. This methodology can be employed by students and teachers of any disciplines, … Cited by 5 – Related articles – View as HTML – All 3 versions
Using corpora in the learning and teaching of phraseological variation M Warren – New Trends in Corpora and Language Learning, 2011 – books.google.com … Lastly, concgramming can be used to enable learners to have a better understanding and command of … It is hoped that further analysis of concgrams will contribute to building up a … grateful to John Sinclair for his invaluable input as consultant to the first concgram-related project. … Related articles
[CITATION] ConcGram 1.0 C Greaves – Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2009 Cited by 2 – Related articles
concgram 138 conservative sources 172,176, 177 covert prestige 223 V English – Corpora and discourse: the challenges of different …, 2008 – books.google.com F face-to-face conversation 3, 5, 189,190,194,196-198, 209, 211, 269 factor analysis 64, 74 frequency 3, 6, 10, 17, 18, 27, 34, 36-38, 42, 63-66, 68-72, 74-76, 96,103,118,125,127,141,142, 147,168,171,175,176,182,184, 197.199. 201, 202, 204-208 …
Hong Kong Engineering Corpus: Empowering Professionals-in-Training to Learn the Language of Their Profession W Cheng – Corpus-Based Approaches to English Language …, 2010 – books.google.com … 5.4 Concgramming the Hong Kong Engineering Corpus ‘Concgramming'(Cheng et al … carefully studied to see whether the regular co-occurring words to the 2-word concgrams share a … The last usage is that the concgram ‘high/low’extends across two speakers, and is an example … Related articles
[CITATION] introduction to ConcGram(c) C Greaves – Tuscan Word Centre International Workshop. Certosa …, 2005 Cited by 7 – Related articles
Identifying aboutgrams in engineering texts M Warren – Keyness in Texts, 2010 – books.google.com … The fully-automated capability of the search engine means that concgramming is a truly “corpus-driven … The result is that concgram searches provide the raw data of all of the co … 3. From concgrams to aboutness and aboutgrams Phillips (1989) suggests a means to determine the … Related articles
[TXT] Copyright? 2009 Language Value, ISSN 1989-7103. Articles are copyrighted by their respective authors The phraseology of intertextuality in English for … [TXT] from uji.esM Warren – Language, 2009 – repositori.uji.es … Concgramming is the process of fully automatically identifying concgrams in a text or … Using concgrams extracted from the discourse flow corpus, examples of frequent … Keywords: concgram, constituent variation, discourse flow, intertextuality, phraseology, positional variation … Cached
SciE-Lex: an electronic lexical database for the Spanish medical community [PDF] from 130.104.5.100I Verdaguer, E Comelles, NJ Laso… – eLexicography in the …, 2010 – books.google.com … Figure 1). Figure 1. Lexical entry of the node word evidence The software used in retrieving data from the HSC and refining the results further was version 5.0 of the concordancing programme WordSmith Tools (Scott 2008) and ConcGram (Greaves 2009). … Related articles – All 8 versions
Using Corpus Analysis to Investigate Civic Writing Genres J Hetet… – ALAA-ALANZ 2nd Combined Conference, 2011 – langfest.anu.edu.au … The authentic writings in corpora are turned into plaintext, and corpus linguistics software programmes, WordSmith Tools (Concord, Wordlists and Key Words) (Scott, 1996), as well as ConcGram, have been utilised for subsequent analyses. … Cached
Evaluative lexis in science: A corpus-based study in scientific abstracts [PDF] from rice.eduAM Cava – 2010 – dspace.rice.edu … Recurrent n-grams, or in this case “concgrams”, are identified by the program ConcGram, and are defined as patterns of word associations. Concgrams allow us to find all the words associated grammatically and semantically with the keyword. … Related articles – All 6 versions
Income/interest/net W Cheng – Corpora and language teaching, 2009 – books.google.com … the intercollocation of the collocates of three of the most frequent two-word concgrams in the … For example, in this Annual Report text, the five-word concgram ‘designated/fair/financial … Below, the concordance lines of the three most frequent three-word conc- grams in each text are … Related articles
Establishing the phraseological profile of a text type: The construction of meaning in academic book reviews U Romer – English Text Construction, 2010 – ingentaconnect.com … Cheng (2008: 22) defines “concgramming” as a methodology that helps identify “the ‘aboutness’ of a text or a … than going from corpus to n- grams, from corpus to p-frames, and from corpus to concgrams.6 For each conc- gram, I then looked at the concgram configurations (an … Cited by 1 – Related articles
The phraseology of intertextuality in English for professional communication [PDF] from uji.esM Warren – Language Value, 2009 – languagevalue.uji.es … Concgramming is the process of fully automatically identifying concgrams in a text or … Using concgrams extracted from the discourse flow corpus, examples of frequent … Keywords: concgram, constituent variation, discourse flow, intertextuality, phraseology, positional variation … Cited by 1 – Related articles – All 4 versions
The terroridiom principle between spoken and written discourse D Milizia… – International journal of corpus linguistics, 2008 – ingentaconnect.com … and retrieve n- grams and concgrams is ConcGram 1.0. The difference between ‘n-grams’ and ‘concgrams’ lies in the fact that n-gram searches are helpful only in finding in- stances of collocations that are strictly contiguous in sequence, whereas conc- gram searches identify … Cited by 1 – Related articles – All 5 versions
Media discourses in Hong Kong: change in representation of human rights W Cheng… – Text & Talk-An Interdisciplinary Journal of …, 2010 – reference-global.com … Concgrams, the outputs of ConcGram@, “are generated fully automatically, and comprise all of the permutations of constituency variation, for example AB (‘work hard’) and A*B (‘word very hard’), resulting from the co-occurring of two or more words within a wide span of up to … Cited by 1 – Related articles – All 2 versions
[HTML] Gena R. Bennet. Using CORPORA in the Language Learning Classroom: Corpus Linguistics for Teachers [HTML] from uji.esN Yigitoglu – Language Value, 2010 – languagevalue.uji.es Gena R. Bennet. Using CORPORA in the Language Learning Classroom: Corpus Linguistics for Teachers. Related articles – Cached – All 4 versions
Introduction to Corpus Linguistics and ELT MC Campoy-Cubillo, B Bellés-Fortuño… – … Based Approaches to …, 2010 – books.google.com … Cheng (Chapter 5) shows how ConcGram(c)(Greaves 2009) may be used to elicit data from a corpus representing the English language of the engineering sector in Hong Kong, and discusses how the results may be used to deal for instance with the aboutness of the text and to … Related articles
[PDF] Aijmer, Karin (ed.). Corpora and Language Teaching. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2009. 232 pp. ISBN 978 90 272 2307 4. [PDF] from gu.seG Bergh – Moderna språk, 2009 – ojs.ub.gu.se … Using text extracts from two corpora in the fields of economics and financial services, she applies the search engine ConcGram to (c) Moderna språk 2009:2 63 Page 5. identify lexical patterns, or so-called concgrams, specific to each of the two text types, what is referred to as … Related articles – View as HTML – All 3 versions
[CITATION] Corpora and Language Teaching L Buysse – International Journal of Corpus …, 2009 – John Benjamins Publishing … Related articles
Wallis, SA, B. Aarts, G. Ozon, and Y. Kavalova. 2006. The Diachronic Corpus of Present-Day Spoken English (DCPSE). London: Survey of M Hilpert – Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory, 2010 – reference-global.com … 2006) and as with ConcGrams (Greaves 2009) I think the manual method Philip outlines is waiting for further computational exploration and implementation. … From n-gram to skipgram to conc- gram. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 11(4). 411-433. … ConcGram 1.0. … Related articles
[PDF] A cross-lingual pattern retrieval framework [PDF] from ipn.mxMH Chen, CC Huang, ST Huang… – Proceedings of the …, 2011 – cidetec.ipn.mx … In a study more related to our work, (Cheng et al., 2006) describes the concept of conc-grams and how to use conc-grams to find constituency and positional variants of search … [3] W. Cheng, C. Greaves, and M. Warren, “From n-gram to skipgram to concgram,” Corpus Linguistics … Cited by 2 – Related articles – View as HTML – All 4 versions
The video corpus as a multimodal tool for teaching I Fortanet-Gómez… – Corpus-based Approaches …, 2010 – books.google.com … 2 design criteria 125-8 ConcGram(c) 6, 71 concgramming 67-8, 71 Hong Kong Engineering Corpus 71-6 concordance/concordances EFL students’ use 96-7 exercises 24-5, 28-9 in grammar and vocabulary classroom 20-1, 25, 27, 42-3 line (s) 25 materials 22, 26 output 30 … Cited by 2 – Related articles
‘THANK YOU’: HOW DO CONVERSATIONALISTS IN HONG KONG EXPRESS GRATITUDE? W Cheng – Language in life and a life in language: Jacob Mey– …, 2009 – books.google.com … The software program, ConcGram (Cheng et al., 2006), was used to search for thanking expressions by typing in the search word ‘thank’with wildcard ‘*’, that is,’thank*’, in order to retrieve the variants of ‘thank’, such as ‘thank’,’thanks’,’thanked’ and ‘thanking’. … Related articles
Searching corpora of Chinese and British writers for lexicalised language [PDF] from open.ac.ukM Leedham – 2008 – oro.open.ac.uk … Beyond clusters? • Clusters, n-grams, = contiguous words • ConcGrams, Greaves & Warren, 2007, egA**B, B*A, PoS-gram … What software? Use WordSmith Tools to identify clusters + additional software to identify concgrams & semantic sequences • What am I looking for? … Related articles – All 5 versions
[PDF] VocabAnalyzer: A Referred Word List Analyzing Tool with Keyword, Concordancing and N-gram Functions [PDF] from nccu.edu.twSF Chung… – 2009 – nccu.edu.tw … Other concordancers which were designed for specific purpose are such as Concgram (Greaves, 2005) (for phraseology), ParaConc (Barlow, 2002) (for parallel corpora), Collocates (Barlow, 2004) (for collocation extraction) and Xiara (Burnard, 2004) (for reading XML files). … Related articles – View as HTML
The discourse intonation patterns of word associations W Cheng… – Corpora and discourse: the challenges of …, 2008 – books.google.com … elements allows the analyst to eventually com- bine fragments of message elements, which come in a variety of forms, into one finalised message-element which in turn is a ‘linear unit of meaning'(Sinclair & ?. Concgrams consist of up to … From n-gram to skipgram to concgram. … Related articles
Visualising corpus linguistics P Rayson… – Proceedings of the Corpus Linguistics …, 2009 – ucrel.lancs.ac.uk … used in corpus linguistics (and text analysis) Page 11. Computing Department Concordances Page 12. Computing Department Concgrams: Cheng, Greaves & Warren (2006) Page 13. Computing Department Beavan, D., ‘Glimpses though the clouds: collocates in a new light’. … Cited by 3 – Related articles – View as HTML – All 7 versions
Corpora and LSP: Issues and Implications ET Bonelli – Corpora for university language teachers, 2008 – books.google.com … Link your different files into a single corpus, ie CONCATENATE. 6. Concatenating text files • Put all the small files into the same folder (say: CONCGRAM CORPUS). … Type CD C: CONCGRAM CORPUS and press ENTER. • Type DIR to list all the files and press ENTER. … Related articles – All 2 versions
Memorial Article: John Sinclair (1933-2007) M Stubbs – Applied Linguistics, 2009 – Am Assoc Appl Ling … In a project on which Sinclair was a consultant, Cheng et al. (2006, 2009) have developed a new generation of concordance software (ConcGram), which can search for variants of two or more lemmas, which co-occur in different sequences, either adjacent or not. … Cited by 8 – Related articles – All 7 versions
[PDF] Professional English Writing for Engineers and Utility Specialists [PDF] from myftp.orgW Cheng – 2008 – hkarms.myftp.org … Professional Communication (RCPCE), Department of English: http://langbank.engl.polyu.edu. hk/HKFSC/ a built-in software program: ConcGram What does the HKFSC show us about the use of ‘knowledge on …’ or ‘knowledge of …’? Page 13. 13 Corpus-based inquiries … Related articles – All 3 versions
Perspectives on keywords and keyness M Bondi – Keyness in Texts, 2010 – books.google.com … He looks at concgramming, identifying the most frequently co-occurring pairs of words, irrespective of constituency and/or … Analysis of the lexical concgrams looks at meaningful association to draw up a list of aboutgrams identifying the … From n-gram to skipgram to concgram. … Related articles
‘According to the equation…’: key words and clusters in Chinese and British Students’ undergraduate assignments from UK universities M Leedham – 2009 – oro.open.ac.uk … Clusters were further explored using WordSmith’s Concgram feature to consider non-contiguous n-grams. Both key words and clusters were assigned to categories based on Halliday’s metafunctions (Halliday and Matthiessen 2004). … Cached
[PPT] ‘In light of this…’Comparing n-grams in Chinese and British students’ undergraduate assignments from UK universities [PPT] from open.ac.ukM Leedham – 2009 – oro.open.ac.uk … 2.2 Four-grams in four corpora. 2.3 Four-grams across disciplines. 3. Conclusions and pedagogical implications. A closer look at 4-grams. KEY. Bold = common across L1 groups. Shaded = common across year groups. Concgrams with ‘can’. Difficulties with classification. … Related articles – View as HTML
[PDF] Methodological skills in corpus linguistics: a polemic and some pointers towards quantitative methods [PDF] from ucsb.eduST Gries – Corpus linguistics in language teaching, 2010 – linguistics.ucsb.edu … I know corpus linguists whose corpus-linguistic skills are defined by what WordSmith Tools (or AntConc, or KwicFinder, or Concgram, etc.) or their web interface can do – if you take whatever program they use away from them, they can’t pursue their corpus studies anymore. … Cited by 1 – Related articles – All 2 versions
WHOLE ISSUE [PDF] from uji.esMF Ruiz Garrido – Language Value, 2011 – languagevalue.uji.es Language Value December 2010, Volume 2, Number 1 http://www. e-revistes. uji. es/languagevalue Copyright(c) 2010, ISSN 1989-7103 Copyright(c) 2010 Language Value, ISSN 1989-7103. Articles are copyrighted by their … Related articles – All 2 versions
Integrating Corpora in Language Learning and Teaching A Chambers – ReCALL, 2007 – Cambridge Univ Press … importance of process in language learning. “Concgramming: A computer-driven approach to learning the phraseology of English”, by Chris Greaves and Martin Warren, complements the preceding article. They show how a more … Cited by 6 – Related articles – BL Direct – All 5 versions
MANAGING NATIONAL/INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: IDEOLOGICAL AND AXIOLOGICAL DISCURSIVE STRATEGIES IN THE LANGUAGE OF FOREIGN POLICY C Spinzi – 2008 – fedoa.unina.it … Tipologia di documento: Tesi di dottorato. Parole chiave: ideolgy, evaluation, concgram. Settori scientifico-disciplinari MIUR: Area 10 Scienze dell’antichita’, filologico-letterarie e storico-artistiche > L-LIN/12 LINGUA E TRADUZIONE – LINGUA INGLESE. … Cached
[PDF] AACL 2008 [PDF] from psu.eduM Davies – 2008 – Citeseer … in an English Usage Class Don Chapman Semi-automatic Clas- sification and Extrac- tion of Predicates from German Text Corpora Ekaterina Lapshinova-Koltunski Semantic Anglicisms in Contemporary Metropolitan French Betsy Kerr Exploring Text-initial Concgrams in a … Related articles – View as HTML – All 2 versions
Effects of Intermittent Food Deprivation on Stress-Induced Changes in Cardiovascular Functions in Rats [PDF] from ncku.edu.twCI Lin – 2007 – ethesys.lib.ncku.edu.tw … Atropine Lin Chemical 1mg/ml 0.2 ml B. Krebs-Ringer solution Chemical Source MW Final conc. Gram/ L NaCl JT Baker 58.44 g/mol 118 mM 6.896 … C. Ringer solution Chemical Source MW Final conc. Gram/ L NaCl JT Baker 58.44 g/mol 118 mM 13.7 … Related articles – All 2 versions
GRASP: grammar-and syntax-based pattern-finder in CALL [PDF] from aclweb.orgCC Huang, MH Chen, ST Huang, HC Liou… – Proceedings of the 6th …, 2011 – dl.acm.org … et al., 2004) accommodates cross-lingual collocation searches. Moreover, Cheng et al. (2006) describe how to retrieve mutually expected words using concgrams. In contrast, GRASP, going one step further, automatically computes … Related articles – All 13 versions
[CITATION] tingham, UK. Her research interests are in corpus linguistics and discourse analysis, and she has published widely in these areas. Recent books include … S Adolphs – The Routledge Handbook of Corpus Linguistics, 2010 – Routledge
Frequency, corpora and language learning G Leech – MEUNIER, F.; DE COCK, S.; GILQUIN, G, 2011 – books.google.com … & Tugwell 2002) d. Concgrams: use of ConcGram software to generate word-collocations of variable position and distance, such that (for example) play a role, play an important role, a key role to play can all be listed as belonging to the same concordance output (Cheng et al. … Cited by 1 – Related articles
Investigating the viability of a collocation list for students of English for academic purposes P Durrant – English for Specific Purposes, 2009 – Elsevier … Fig. 2. Longer academic collocations. View Within Article. The identification of such patterns remains methodologically problematic, though programs such as Concgram (Cheng et al., 2006) seem to offer an interesting way forward here. … Cited by 13 – Related articles – All 3 versions
[CITATION] Introduction Patterns, meaningful units and specialized discourses R Schulze, U Romer – International …, 2008 – John Benjamins Publishing … Cited by 1 – Related articles
Pauses as an indicator of psycholinguistically valid multi-word expressions (MWEs)? [PDF] from upenn.eduI Dahlmann… – Proceedings of the Workshop on a Broader …, 2007 – dl.acm.org … 4 Discontinuous MWEs and n-grams are nevertheless impor- tant, which is reflected in the development of more refined extraction methods (eg positional n-grams (Gil and Dias, 2003) and ConcGrams (Chen et al. 2006)). … 2006. From n-gram to skipgram to concgram. … Cited by 7 – Related articles – All 34 versions
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Review of WordSmith Tools [PDF] from hawaii.eduDJ PrINSloo… – 2011 – scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu … Language for Specific Purposes (LSP) dictionaries. More advanced functions of WST 5, described below, include Key-keys, ConcGrams, File Viewer, Corpus Corruption Detector, and Text Converter (from PDF and DOC for- mats). <n Related articles
A Corpus-based Lexical Study of Maritime Navigational English Materials [PDF] from mcu.edu.twCT Sun – 2010 – ethesys.lib.mcu.edu.tw … was found that the majority of technical words were either acronyms or compounds while 3-word concgram and complex noun phrases were the two pervasive characteristics of the most common and technical concgrams. Finally with this result, … Related articles
Loud signatures A Duguid – Exploring the lexis-grammar interface, 2009 – books.google.com … Here, two small corpora of opinion articles from British broadsheets and Times Literary Supplement texts are compared, using WordSmith Tools, ConcGram and WMatrix to identify the salient resources, with particular reference to priming, lexico-grammatical patterns, textual in … Related articles
[PDF] Tony McEnery [PDF] from psu.eduA Medina – AACL 2008, 2008 – Citeseer … are explored for both corpus linguistic theory, by relating Concgrams to clusters and other functional units, and for theories of the structure of news text. References Cheng, W., C. Greaves and M. Warren (2006),’From n-gram to skipgram to concgram, International Journal of … Related articles – View as HTML – All 2 versions
INFLUENCE OF DESIGN AND MATERIALS WITH CONSIDERATION TO THE ANNUAL MAINTENANCE WORKS IN RECOVERY BOILERS [PDF] from chalmers.seS Praszkier – 2011 – publications.lib.chalmers.se … As a guideline, Table 2 below can be used. Table 2 – Guideline to content of white liquor (Borg, 1986) Name Formula Conc. grams/litre Sodium hydroxide NaOH 100-120 Sodium sulphide Na2S 20-50 Sodium carbonate Na2CO3 20-30 Sodium sulphate Na2SO4 8-16 … Related articles
[PDF] Andre Gillet. Using English for Academic Purposes. A Guide for Students in Higher Education [PDF] from uji.esMS Cárdenas Clarós – Language Value, 2011 – languagevalue.uji.es Page 1. Language Value December 2010, Volume 2, Number 1, 144-151 http://www.e-revistes. uji.es/languagevalue Copyright (c) 2010, ISSN 1989-7103 Copyright (c) 2010 Language Value, ISSN 1989-7103. Articles are copyrighted by their respective authors 144 … Related articles – View as HTML – All 4 versions
Bang-le yi ge da mang (offered a big helping hand): a corpus study of the splittable compounds in spoken and written Chinese [PDF] from fleric.org.cnA Siewierska, J Xu… – Language Sciences, 2010 – Elsevier Cited by 2 – Related articles – All 7 versions
[PDF] CONVENTIONALIZED EXPRESSIONS, DISCOURSE MODE AND COMMON GROUND [PDF] from uwa.edu.auH Renwick – UWA Linguistics Working Papers, 2010 – uwa.edu.au … It also includes patterns of co-occurrence identified by corpus linguists variously called compound lexical items (Sinclair 1994, p. 93), extended units of meaning (EUMs) (Sinclair 2004, pp. 24-48), extended language units (ELUs)(Stubbs 2009, p. 123), concgrams (Cheng et al. … Related articles – View as HTML – All 11 versions
Oral immunostimulation of mammals, birds, fish and reptiles from (1-4) linked beta-d-mannuronic acid O Gaserod, A Dessen… – US Patent App. 20,050/ …, 2002 – freepatentsonline.com … TABLE. NaCl, Amount sieved, Sample, conc. [gram], pH, Remarks. A, 0, 377, 6.3, B, 0.2%, 371, 6.0. C, 0.5%, 389, 6.0. D, 1.0%, 397, 5.9. … TABLE. Amount of, Time, Viscosity. NaCl, filtrate, Measured,, calculated. Sample, conc. [gram], [seconds], [cps]. A, 0, 277, 18.7, 11.6. B, 0.2%, 286 … Cached
Oral immunostimulation of mammals birds and reptiles from (1-4) linked beta-d-mannuronic acid O Gaserod… – US Patent App. 20,050/080,036, 2002 – freepatentsonline.com … TABLE. NaCl, Amount sieved, Sample, conc. [gram], pH, Remarks. A, 0, 377, 6.3, B, 0.2%, 371, 6.0. C, 0.5%, 389, 6.0. D, 1.0%, 397, 5.9. … TABLE. Amount of, Time, Viscosity. NaCl, filtrate, Measured,, calculated. Sample, conc. [gram], [seconds], [cps]. A, 0, 277, 18.7, 11.6. B, 0.2%, 286 … Cached
[PDF] The Use of Vague Language Across Spoken Genres in an Intercultural Hong Kong Corpus [PDF] from tor2web.orgW Cheng – Vague Language Explored, Palgrave …, 2007 – am4wuhz3zifexz5u.tor2web.org … Most frequently occurring vague items across four spoken genres With the help of ConcGram(c), 1 an overall word frequency list was gen- erated for each of the subcorpora, and then the top 10 vague items, based on Channel’s (1994) typology of VL, were identified (Table 9.1). … Cited by 5 – Related articles – View as HTML – All 2 versions
Genetic algorithm for analysis of abdominal aortic aneurysms in radiology reports [PDF] from ornl.govRM Patton, BG Beckerman, TE Potok… – Proceedings of the 12th …, 2010 – dl.acm.org … COLING 2006. ACM Press, New York, NY, 2061-2064. [3] Cheng, W., Greaves, C. and Warren, M. 2006. From n-gram to skipgram to concgram. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 11/4: 411-33. [4] Fox, C. 1992. “Lexical … Related articles – All 4 versions
The nature of’overexchanged’copper and platinum on zeolites [PDF] from uic.eduM Schreier, S Teren, L Belcher… – …, 2005 – iopscience.iop.org … Table 1. Support parameters and experiment conditions. Platinum adsorption Copper adsorption Surface Pore Surface Surface area opening Al Grams loading Conc Grams loading Conc Supports Supplier (m2 g-1) (Å) (wt%) PZC support (m2 l-1) (ppm) support (m2 l-1) (ppm) … Cited by 11 – Related articles – All 12 versions
-Enones in heterocyclic synthesis of indazole, thiazine, chromene and quinoline derivatives with their antimicrobial activities GH Sayed, MM Hemdan… – Journal of Chemical …, 2009 – ingentaconnect.com … s, 1NH, Table 1 Mean diameters of inhibition zones (mm) caused by 100 µL of antibacterial and antifungal activities in the agar plate diffusion method No. Conc./ Gram positive Fungi mg mL-1 bacteria S B C P 2a 1 0 3 0 0 2a 2.5 3 8 6 0 2a 5 9 14 12 0 3 1 5 7 3 4 3 2.5 8 10 7 6 … Cited by 1 – Related articles – All 2 versions
ORAL IMMUNOSTIMULATION OF MAMMALS, BIRDS, AND REPTILES FROM (1-4) LINKED BETA-D-MANNURONIC ACID O Gaserod, A Dessen – EP Patent 1,461,050, 2009 – freepatentsonline.com … Table. Sample, Durvillea, Water, NaCl, Extraction, Remarks. Antarctica, [ml], conc. time, [hours], [gram], A, 20, 500, 0, 2, B, 20, 500, 0.2 %, 2, C, 20, 500, 0.5 %, 2, D, 20, 500, 1.0 %, 2, E, 20, 500, 2.0 %, 2, F, 20, 500, 3.0 %, 2, G, 20, 500, 3.4 %, 2, H, 20, 500, -, 2, Seawater. … Cited by 1 – Related articles – Cached – All 2 versions
Profiling the Academic Word List (AWL) in a financial corpus Y Li… – System, 2010 – Elsevier Cited by 2 – Related articles – All 4 versions
Concordancing software D Wiechmann… – Corpus Linguistics and Lingustic …, 2006 – reference-global.com … flat charge of approx. EUR 8.50 (USD 10.00). However, this upgraded version, ConcGram, was not investigated here. Furthermore, we were unable to query corpora larger than Brown (N ~ 1 million). Researchers who usually … Cited by 9 – Related articles – All 2 versions
[PDF] ????????????????? [PDF] from sinoss.net??… – ??????, 2010 – sinoss.net … ?”???”??? ?,???????????”???”????,???????????, ?????? ???????????????????????,??????????? ????? ?????????????(concgram)??????(key keywords)?????? … View as HTML – All 5 versions
Computational method for collocation and phrase learning C Huang, M Chen… – New Trends in Information …, 2010 – ieeexplore.ieee.org … Language Learning, 21 (3), 2008. [12] W. Cheng, C. Greaves, and M. Warren, “From n-gram to skipgram to concgram,” Corpus Linguistics, 11 (4), 2006. 6 The capitalized word “On” indicates the beginning of a sentence. 189 Related articles
[PDF] Anionic Schiff Base Amphiphiles: Synthesis, Surface, Biocidal and Antitumor Activities [PDF] from jofamericanscience.orgNO Shaker, FHA El-Salam… – Journal of …, 2011 – jofamericanscience.org … Also, the presence of benzene ring slightly decreases its effect. Table 3: Antimicrobial Activity of the Synthesized of the Schiff Base Amphiphiles: Mean of zone diameter (mm)/different conc. Gram-positive Gram-negative Staphylococus … Related articles – View as HTML
A genetic algorithm for learning significant phrase patterns in radiology reports [PDF] from ornl.govRM Patton, TE Potok, BG Beckerman… – Proceedings of the 11th …, 2009 – dl.acm.org … Sydney, Australia). COLING 2006. ACM Press, New York, NY, 2061-2064. [2] Cheng, W., Greaves, C. and Warren, M. 2006. From n-gram to skipgram to concgram. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 11/4: 411-33. [3] Dridi … Cited by 7 – Related articles – All 4 versions
Describing the extended meanings of lexical cohesion in a corpus of SARS spoken discourse W Cheng – International journal of corpus linguistics, 2006 – ingentaconnect.com … the border. Page 6. 330 Winnie Cheng 4. Analysis of multiple patterns of co-selection To identify the key lexical words associated with the SARS corpus, Conc- Gram(c)1 was used to generate a word frequency list. Table 1 lists … Cited by 10 – Related articles – All 4 versions
An empiricist’s view of the ontology of lexical-semantic relations C Belica, H Keibel, M Kupietz… – … relations: theoretical and …, 2010 – books.google.com … 7. The concept of higher-order collocations was recently rediscovered as the very similar con- cept of concgrams (Cheng/Greaves/Warren 2006). Page 134. An empiricist’s view of the ontology of lexical-semantic relations 125 psychological collocations. … Cited by 1 – Related articles
Analysis and Classi?cation of Mammography Reports using Maximum Variation Sampling RM Patton, BG Beckerman… – Genetic and Evolutionary …, 2011 – books.google.com … ACR Breast ImagingReportingandDataSystem, Breast ImagingAtlas. American College of Radiology, Reston, VA, 2003. [3] Cheng, W., Greaves, C. and Warren, M. From n-gram to skipgram to concgram. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 11 (4)(2006) 411-433. … Related articles
Analysis and Classification of Mammography Reports Using Maximum Variation Sampling [PDF] from ornl.govRM Patton, BG Beckerman… – Genetic and Evolutionary …, 2011 – Wiley Online Library Page 1. 5 New Analysis of Medical Data Sets using GEC Genetic and Evolutionary Computation: Medical Applications Edited by Stephen L. Smith and Stefano Cagnoni (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ISBN: 978-0-470-74813-8 Page 2. 5.1 Analysis and Classification … Related articles – All 5 versions
Paraphrase Recognition using Neural Network Classification [PDF] from ijcaonline.orgA Rajkumar… – International Journal of Computer …, 2010 – ijcaonline.org … In Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Paraphrasing, 1-8. [3] Cheng, W., Greaves, C. and Warren, M. 2006. “From n- gram to Skip-gram to Conc-gram” International Journal of Corpus Linguistics, Vol. 11, Issue 4, 411-433. … Related articles – All 9 versions
Associações sintagmáticas como unidades de tradução especializadas e proposta de ferramenta de apoio ao tradutor [PDF] from ufrgs.brV Possamai – 2010 – lume.ufrgs.br … 248 LISTA DE PALAVRAS EXCLUÍDAS DA ANÁLISE COM O CONCGRAM (STOPWORDS) ….248 ANEXO III…..250 LISTAS DE CONCGRAMS DE 3 PALAVRAS NA SEÇÃO … Related articles – All 2 versions
Annotation and verification of sense pools in OntoNotes LC Yu, CH Wu, RY Chang, CH Liu… – Information Processing & …, 2010 – Elsevier Cited by 3 – Related articles – All 4 versions
Polishing papers for publication: palimpsests or procrustean beds? J McKenny… – New Trends in Corpora and Language …, 2011 – books.google.com … 63, 172-4, 198-200, 205-6, 208-9, 240-1, 253-4 see also miscollocation Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) xxxi, xxxii, 123, 132, 136, 172-3, 181-95 comparable corpora 62-3, 66-8, 70-3, 75, 199 computer game applications 14-16 ConcGram xxx, xxxi … Cited by 2 – Related articles
Mineração e modelagem de conceitos como praxis de gestão do conhecimento para inteligencia competitiva [PDF] from unb.brEA Capuano – 2010 – repositorio.bce.unb.br Page 1. UNIVERSIDADE DE BRASÍLIA Faculdade de Ciência da Informação Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Informação MINERAÇÃO E MODELAGEM DE CONCEITOS COMO PRAXIS DE GESTÃO DO CONHECIMENTO PARA INTELIGÊNCIA COMPETITIVA … Related articles
The use of deictic reference in identifying point of view in Grazia Deleddas Canne al Vento and its translation into English JH Johnson – Target, 2011 – ingentaconnect.com … Point of view in translation. Amsterdam and New York: Rodopi. Cheng, William, C. Greaves and M. Warren. 2006. “From n-gram to skipgram to concgram”. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 11:4. 411-433. Cluysenaar, Anne. 1976. Introduction to Literary Stylistics. … Related articles – All 2 versions
A Corpus-assisted Study of PARERE/SEMBRARE in Grazia Deledda’s Canne al Vento and La Madre. Constructing Point of View in the Source Texts and their English … JH Johnson – Textus, 2010 – tilgher.it … 1987), pp. 51-61. Cheng W., C. Greaves and M. Warren, 2006, “From n-gram to skipgram to concgram”, International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 11(4), pp. 411-433. Dolfi A., 1979, Grazia Deledda, Mursia, Milano. Douthwaite … Cited by 1 – Related articles – All 3 versions
[PDF] How can DDL be used in language teaching [PDF] from academielouvain.beG Gilquin… – The Routledge Handbook of …, 2010 – dial.academielouvain.be … Purposes 6: 289-302. Cheng, W. (2007) “Concgramming: a corpus-driven approach to learning the phraseology of discipline-specific texts,” CORELL: Computer Resources for Language Learning 1: 22-35. Cobb, T. (1997) “Is … Cited by 4 – Related articles – View as HTML – All 2 versions
N-grams in comparable specialized corpora Perspectives on phraseology, translation, and pedagogy P Forchini… – International journal of corpus …, 2008 – ingentaconnect.com … Longman Grammar of Spo- ken and Written English. London: Longman. Cheng, W., Greaves, C. & Warren, M. (2006). From n-gram to skipgram to concgram. Interna- tional Journal of Corpus Linguistics, 11 (4), 411-413. Chomsky, N. (1957). Syntactic Structures. … Cited by 3 – Related articles – All 4 versions
[PDF] ???? “????” ???? [PDF] from flcjournal.com??? – ????, 2010 – flcjournal.com … (ed) Teaching and Language Corpora [C]. London: Longman, 1997. [2] Burdine, S. & Barlow, M. Business Phrasal Verbs [M]. Huston: Athelstan, 2008. [3] Cheng, W. Concgramming: A corpus-driven approach to learning the phraseology of discipline-specific texts [J]. CORELL … Cited by 2 – Related articles – View as HTML – All 5 versions
Lexical-semantic and conceptual relations in GermaNet C Kunze… – Lexical-semantic relations: theoretical …, 2010 – books.google.com Page 172. Lexical-semantic and conceptual relations in GermaNet Claudia Kunze and Lothar Lemnitzer GermaNet is a lexical resource constructed in the style of the Princeton WordNet. Lexical units are grouped in synsets which represent the lexical instantiations of concepts. … Related articles
Learning cue phrase patterns from radiology reports using a genetic algorithm RM Patton, BG Beckerman… – Biomedical Science & …, 2009 – ieeexplore.ieee.org … COLING 2006. ACM Press, New York, NY, 2061-2064. DOI= http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/ 1220175.1220291 [2] Cheng, W., Greaves, C. and Warren, M. 2006. From n-gram to skipgram to concgram. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 11/4: 411-33. [3] Fox, C. 1992. … Related articles
[HTML] De la grammaire anglaise baladodiffusée au portfolio grammatical électronique: vers de nouvelles pratiques adaptées à l’ère du numérique [HTML] from revues.orgJR Lapaire – Alsic. Apprentissage des Langues et Systèmes d’ …, 2009 – alsic.revues.org … Des fonctionnalités comme Concgram Search (dans le Web Concordancer) permettent de mettre au jour des collocations, d’identifier des locutions en laissant des places vides à instancier (comme ‘A * OF’ pour faire apparaître tout un spectre d’expressions partitives comme a … Cited by 1 – Related articles – Cached – All 4 versions
MEDICAL EMULSION FOR LUBRICATION AND DELIVERY OF DRUGS RT Lyons, DH Dillard, B Fieggen… – EP Patent …, 2007 – freepatentsonline.com … Table 1. Glycerin Concentration, Osmolality and Zeta Potential. Lot Number, Glycerin Conc., Grams/100 mL, Osmolality, mOsm/kg, Zeta Potential, mv. Intralipid 20%, 2.25, 350*, -38. HT-049, 1.6, 280, -46. HT-050, 10.0, 300, -48. HT-051, 20.0, 322, -44. HT-052, 30.0, 346, -40. … Related articles – Cached
Towards a new generation of corpus-derived lexical resources for language learning D Wible… – A Taste for Corpora: In Honour of Sylviane …, 2011 – books.google.com … Applied Linguistics 30 (2): 236-252. Cheng, W., Greaves, C. & Warren, M. 2006. From n-gram to skipgram to concgram. Interna- tional Journal of Corpus Linguistics 11 (4): 411-433. Church, KW & Hanks, P. 1990. Word association norm, mutual information, and lexicography. … Related articles
[PDF] Gas exchange rate measurements in natural systems. [PDF] from arizona.eduWS Broecker, TH Peng, G Mathieu… – …, 2006 – journals.uair.arizona.edu Page 1. [RAntocAR1oN, VOL 22, No. 3, 1980, P 676-683] GAS EXCHANGE RATE MEASUREMENTS IN NATURAL SYSTEMS W S BROECKER, TH PENG, G MATHIEU, R HESSLEIN, and T TORGERSEN Lamont-Doherty Geological … Cited by 36 – Related articles – View as HTML – All 2 versions
A novel approach to determine arsenic contamination in the environment [PDF] from rit.eduD Franklin – 2007 – ritdml.rit.edu Page 1. A Novel Approach to Determine Arsenic Contamination in the Environment. Dean E. Franklin November 6, 2007 This study examines a novel method to determine heavy metal contamination in the environment. This … Related articles – All 3 versions
A corpus-driven study of features of Chinese students’ undergraduate writing in UK universities [PDF] from open.ac.ukME Leedham – 2011 – oro.open.ac.uk Page 1. Open Research Online The Open University’s repository of research publications and other research outputs A corpus-driven study of feaures of Chinese students’ undergraduate writing in UK universities Thesis How to cite: Leedham, Maria (2011). …
From phraseology to culture E Manca – Patterns, Meaningful Units and Specialized …, 2010 – books.google.com … Index A ConcGram, 4, 58, 61-63, 67, 72-75 Conrad, S., 29, 32, 53-54, 82, 101 construction grammar, 7, 27 context of culture, 108, 109 context of situation, 1, 108, 119 corpus-driven, 67, 89 culture, 63, 69, 105-111, 116, 119-121 D Danielsson, P., 9, 30 disciplinary discourse … Related articles
[PDF] ‘Doing More Stuff-Where’s It Going?’: Exploring Vague Language Further [PDF] from jerzik.czJ Cutting – Vague Language Explored, 2007 – jerzik.cz Page 238. 223 12 ‘Doing More Stuff-Where’s It Going?’: Exploring Vague Language Further Joan Cutting Chapter overview In this chapter, I describe my model of VL and focus on the social dimensions, discussing my studies … Cited by 2 – Related articles – View as HTML – All 2 versions
A case for corpus stylistics: Ian Flemings iCasino Royale/i M Mahlberg… – English Text Construction, 2011 – ingentaconnect.com Page 1. English Text Construction 4:2 (2011), 204-227. doi 10.1075/etc.4.2.03mah issn 1874-8767 / e-issn 1874-8775 (c) John Benjamins Publishing Company A case for corpus stylistics Ian Fleming’s Casino Royale Michaela …
Lexical cohesion M Mahlberg – Letter writing, 2007 – books.google.com Page 109. Lexical cohesion Corpus linguistic theory and its application in English language teaching* Michaela Mahlberg University of Liverpool Cohesion is generally described with regard to two broad categories:’grammati- cal cohesion’and ‘lexical cohesion’. … Related articles
The grammar of conversation in advanced spoken learner English J Mukherjee – Corpora and language teaching, 2009 – books.google.com Page 211. The grammar of conversation in advanced spoken learner English Learner corpus data and language-pedagogical implications Joybrato Mukherjee The present paper focuses on aspects of what has been labelled … Related articles
MEDICAL EMULSION LUBRICANT DH Dillard, B Fieggen… – EP Patent 1,024,791, 2003 – freepatentsonline.com … Table 1. Glyzerin Concentration, Osmolality and Zeta Potential. Lot Number, Glycerin Conc., grams/100 mL, Osmolality, mOsm/kg, Zeta Potential, mv. Intralipid 20%, 2.25, 350, *, -38. HT-049, 1.6, 280, -46. HT-050, 10.0, 300, -48. HT-051, 20.0, 322, -44. … Related articles – Cached