Notes:
The text discusses the use of virtual humans, which are software artifacts designed to look and act like real humans, in various applications such as human-machine interaction and cognitive architectures. These virtual humans may be endowed with emotions and personality and may be used in immersive environments to enable patients to experience social interaction. The text also mentions the use of affective and cognitive architectures to model and generate nonverbal behavior, individual differences, and emotional influenced behaviors in virtual humans. The text also mentions the use of virtual humans in human performance modeling, autonomous robotics, and psychological research, as well as the development of cognitive architectures for various purposes including explanatory and simulation purposes. The text also mentions the use of virtual humans in collaborative learning and cognitive modeling.
See also:
A neurobehavioural framework for autonomous animation of virtual human faces
M Sagar, D Bullivant, P Robertson, O Efimov… – … Virtual Humans and …, 2014 – dl.acm.org
… cognitive architectures [Samsonovich 2010] have been developed for both explanatory purposes and also for the potential flexibility they can offer. A vital component of effective social interaction is dynamic facial expression. To capture the user’s affect, interactive virtual humans …
Isolated word recognition in the Sigma cognitive architecture
H Joshi, PS Rosenbloom, V Ustun – … Inspired Cognitive Architectures, 2014 – Elsevier
… The Sigma cognitive architecture is being developed at the University of Southern California’s Institute for Creative Technologies in support of a larger scale research effort on Virtual Humans – integrated simulations of human bodies, minds and behaviors in virtual …
Computationally modeling human emotion
S Marsella, J Gratch – Communications of the ACM, 2014 – pdfs.semanticscholar.org
… Addition- ally, models of emotion and affective expression have been incorporated into virtual humans,37 software arti- facts that look and act like … model of emotion, detailing the design principles that drove the work, as well as its realiza- tion within a cognitive architecture …
WASABI for affect simulation in human-computer interaction
C Becker-Asano – … Workshop on Emotion Representations and Modelling …, 2014 – Citeseer
… BDI) philosophy [24,29] and, recently, by employing parts of the ACT-R (Adap- tive Control of Thought—Rational) cognitive architecture [28 … the WASABI architecture has been integrated, tested, and used for empirical research in the context of building the Virtual Human MAX [24 …
Towards the safety of human-in-the-loop robotics: Challenges and opportunities for safety assurance of robotic co-workers’
K Eder, C Harper, U Leonards – The 23rd IEEE International …, 2014 – ieeexplore.ieee.org
… In the second learning phase, the “collaborative learning”, the virtual learner then learns how to collaborate with the virtual human … Models on Joint Action Understanding in humans [10] might give a first idea about the cognitive architecture necessary within the robot …
Methodology for study of human-robot social interaction in dangerous situations
DJ Atkinson, MH Clark – … of the second international conference on …, 2014 – dl.acm.org
… studied by Bailenson et al., [3] who found that people exhibited similar personal spatial behavior towards virtual humans (agents controlled … Veksler [28] demonstrated that an external cognitive architecture, ACT-R, could be easily interfaced with SecondLife™ for studies of the …
Cognitive memory for intelligent systems of decision-making, based on human psychology
Z Kowalczuk, M Czubenko – Intelligent Systems in Technical and Medical …, 2014 – Springer
… This allows an agent to infer in a human- like manner. Another approach [49] models the human ability to forget, and an architecture of a long-time memory for a virtual human … Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures 2(0), 25–36 (2012) 15 …
Embodying models of expressive behaviour and learning with a biomimetic virtual infant
M Sagar, D Bullivant, O Efimov, M Jawed… – … on Development and …, 2014 – ieeexplore.ieee.org
… like humans [6]. The relatively recent explosion of computer graphics has lead to the development of “Virtual Humans” generated using … A range of biologically inspired cognitive architectures [21] have been developed for both explanatory purposes and also for the potential …
Intelligent tutoring support for learners interacting with virtual humans
M Core, HC Lane, D Traum – Design Recommendations for …, 2014 – books.google.com
… discussion. Figure 2. Virtual doctor in SASO. The virtual human is implemented in the Soar cognitive architecture (Laird, Newell & Rosenbloom, 1987) and includes models of dialogue and emotion encoded in production rules. In …
In search of interoperability standards for human behaviour representation
G Gunzelmann, C Gaughan, W Huiskamp… – Proceedings of the …, 2014 – members.ziggo.nl
… Training of Helicopter Directing Officers One application of human behaviour representation is to generate the behaviour of virtual humans (agents … In this research effort, the Adaptive Control of Thought – Rational, or ACT- R (Anderson, 2007), cognitive architecture is being used …
On designing migrating agents: from autonomous virtual agents to intelligent robotic systems
K Hassani, WS Lee – SIGGRAPH Asia 2014 Autonomous Virtual Humans …, 2014 – dl.acm.org
… is suitable for simulating virtual humans. Although BDI- inspired architectures such as IRMA [Bratman et al. 1998] support long term behaviors, their current implementations are whether hardware-based or logic-based. More information regarding cognitive architectures can be …
Simulation and non-simulation based human reliability analysis approaches
RL Boring, RE Shirley, JC Joe, D Mandelli – 2014 – osti.gov
… second generation HRA methods. Human performance modeling utilizes virtual scenarios, virtual environments, and virtual humans to mimic the performance of humans in actual scenarios and environments. What sets this …
Pedagogical agents
G Veletsianos, GS Russell – Handbook of research on educational …, 2014 – Springer
… 1992). CLT is concerned with the short-term (also called working memory) and the long-term components of the human cognitive architecture. The … 2009). Engagement vs. deceit: Virtual humans with human autobiographies. Intelligent …
Distributed vector representations of words in the Sigma cognitive architecture
V Ustun, PS Rosenbloom, K Sagae… – … Conference on Artificial …, 2014 – Springer
… Topics in Cognitive Science 3(2), 303–345 (2011) 14. Rosenbloom, PS: Bridging dichotomies in cognitive architectures for virtual humans. In: Proceedings of the AAAI Fall Symposium on Advances in Cognitive Systems (2011) 15 …
Mixed agent/social dynamics for emotion computation
J Saunier, H Jones – Proceedings of the 2014 international conference …, 2014 – dl.acm.org
… In this context, computational mo- delling of emotion is a major challenge in order to design believable virtual humans … Agents that combine emotions and rationality: a context independent cognitive architecture. WSEAS Transactions on Computers, 4(9):1202–1209, 2005 …
ForgetMeNot: What and how users expect intelligent virtual agents to recall and forget personal conversational content
D Richards, K Bransky – International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 2014 – Elsevier
Skip to main content …
Cognitive agents in virtual worlds: A middleware design approach
J van Oijen – 2014 – dspace.library.uu.nl
Page 1. Cognitive Agents in Virtual Worlds A Middleware Design Approach Page 2. This research has been supported by the GATE project, funded by the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO) and the Netherlands …
Artificial Emotions via Virtual Neuromodulators
M Talanov, A Toschev – Conference Paper. August, 2014 – researchgate.net
… Page 9. 9 [7] as cognitive architecture as implementation environment for all mechanisms listed above … Medical Hypotheses 78 78, 341–348 (2012) [6] Marsella, S., Gratch, J.: Modeling coping behavior in virtual humans: Dont worry, be happy …
Development of computational models of emotions for autonomous agents: a review
LF Rodríguez, F Ramos – Cognitive Computation, 2014 – Springer
… Alma. A Layered Model of Affect (Alma) [39] is a CME designed to endow virtual humans with emotions, mood, and personality … for modeling the influences of emotions and individual differences on cognitive processing, and an affective–cognitive architecture that implements …
Movement similarities and differences during social interaction: The scientific foundation of the ALTEREGO European project
BG Bardy, RN Salesse, M Gueugnon… – … on Systems, Man …, 2014 – ieeexplore.ieee.org
… To endow the avatar with the ability to perform the above task, a cognitive architecture will be designed, exploiting complex … visual, auditory and sometimes multisensory environment enabling patients to be immersed and experience social interaction with virtual humans [40]-[41 …
Simulation and HRI recent perspectives with the MORSE simulator
S Lemaignan, M Hanheide, M Karg… – … on Simulation, Modeling …, 2014 – Springer
… 5841 (2010) 4. Gratch, J., Rickel, J., André, E., Cassell, J., Petajan, E., Badler, N.: Creating in- teractive virtual humans: Some assembly … Trafton, G., Hiatt, L., Harrison, A., Tamborello, F., Khemlani, S., Schultz, A.: Act- R/E: An embodied cognitive architecture for human-robot …
Applying a text-based affective dialogue system in psychological research: case studies on the effects of system behaviour, interaction context and social exclusion
M Skowron, S Rank, A ?widerska, D Küster… – Cognitive …, 2014 – Springer
… 1, 2, 44] and reflects the growing interest in emotion in human–machine interaction and as part of cognitive architectures [22, 58, 79] … modelling and generation of non-verbal behaviour: eg the modelling of comprehensive listening behaviour in a virtual human architecture [65 …
Ergonomic DHM systems-limitations and trends–a systematic literature review focused on the ‘future of ergonomics’
T Alexander, G Paul – … Human Modeling Symposium, May 20-22 …, 2014 – eprints.qut.edu.au
… Furthermore, virtual humans were developed in the domain of computer-graphics and allowed a photo-realistic simulation of human … Examples of such cognitive architecture models are ACT-R (atomic component of thoughts-rational) and SOAR (state, operator apply result) …
An emotion understanding framework for intelligent agents based on episodic and semantic memories
M Kazemifard, N Ghasem-Aghaee, BL Koenig… – Autonomous agents and …, 2014 – Springer
… episodic memory [26, 27, 32]. We built our implementation atop Soar, a general cognitive architecture for both modeling cognitive systems and implementing systems that exhibit intelligent behavior. Episodic memory in Soar …
Artificial emotions and machine consciousness
M Scheutz – The Cambridge Handbook of Artificial Intelligence, 2014 – books.google.com
… The currently most advanced implementations of high-level affect models are effected in the context of the “virtual humans”(Rickel et al … The latest model is a complete cognitive architecture called LIDA (Learning Intelligent Distribution Agent), which adds various types of learning …
Authoring vs. configuring affective agents for interactive storytelling
S Rank, S Hoffmann, HG Struck… – Applied Artificial …, 2014 – Taylor & Francis
… Further affective architectures are built on top of cognitive architectures that in themselves provide a wide range of possibilities for configuring indi- vidual differences … 2002. Creating interactive virtual humans: Some assembly required. IEEE Intelligent Systems 17(4):54–63 …
AI challenge problem: Scalable models for patterns of life
JT Folsom-Kovarik, S Schatz, RM Jones, K Bartlett… – AI Magazine, 2014 – aaai.org
… Laird, JE 2012. The Soar Cognitive Architecture. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press … Musse, SR, and Thalmann, D. 2001. Hierarchical Model for Real Time Simulation of Virtual Human Crowds. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics 7(2): 152–164 …
Utilizing emotions in autonomous robots: An enactive approach
R Lowe, K Kiryazov – Emotion modeling, 2014 – Springer
In this chapter, we present a minimalist approach to utilizing the computational principles of affective processes and emotions for autonomous robotics applications. The focus of this paper is on the…
Negotiation goes high tech: can you negotiate with a machine?
J ?or?evi? Boljanovi? – … 2014-Impact of …, 2014 – portal.sinteza.singidunum.ac.rs
… e Virtual Human Agent can be used not only in negotiation, but also in developing interpersonal skills, such as leadership and cultural awareness. It is based on Soar Cognitive Architecture. Agent chooses eg when to act aggressively or how much to trust the opponent …
An Interdisciplinary Approach for a Holistic and Embodied Emotion Model in Humanoid Agents.
S Schaat, M Huber, K Doblhammer, D Dietrich – AIC, 2014 – ceur-ws.org
… of the models mentioned offers an embod- ied model that holistically considers the various aspects of emotion, or is integrated in a holistic cognitive architecture … Becker-Asano, C., Wachsmuth, I.: Affective computing with primary and secondary emo- tions in a virtual human …
The impact of affective tutoring system and information literacy on elementary school students’ cognitive load and learning outcomes
CJ Chao, SC Tsai, CH Lee, TH Wang… – … on Computers in …, 2014 – researchgate.net
… Sweller, J., Van Merrienboer, JJG & Pass, F. (1998). Cognitive architecture and instructional design … Wang, C.-Y., Chang, C.-W.& Chen, G.-D. (2009). Design an empathic virtual human to encourage and persuade learners in e-learning systems. ACM Multimedia MDTL …
Towards a differential diagnostic of PTSD using cognitive computing methods
N Howard, L Jehel, R Arnal – 2014 IEEE 13th International …, 2014 – ieeexplore.ieee.org
Page 1. Towards a Differential Diagnostic of PTSD Using Cognitive Computing Methods Newton Howard Synthetic Intelligence Lab Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, MA nhmit@mit.edu Louis Jehel Université …
Autonomous Acquisition of Natural Situated Communication
KR Thórisson, N Nivel, BR Steunebrink… – … International Journal on …, 2014 – oa.upm.es
Page 1. IADIS International Journal on Computer Science and Information Systems Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 115-131 ISSN: 1646-3692 115 AUTONOMOUS ACQUISITION OF NATURAL SITUATED COMMUNICATION Kristinn R. Thórisson …
Designing and evaluating a social gaze-control system for a humanoid robot
A Zaraki, D Mazzei, M Giuliani… – IEEE Transactions on …, 2014 – ieeexplore.ieee.org
… The attention layer shows a strong tendency to move to the center of image [42], [43]. Hence, a virtual point (VP) is posi- tioned at the center of the image, to attract the robot’s attention like a virtual human. The EA is simultaneously calculated for six humans in the robot’s FOV …
Virtual reality and leadership development
RW Hill Jr – Using experience to develop leadership talent, how …, 2014 – Wiley Online Library
… There are several other essential ingredients necessary for producing an effective learning experience with a virtual human or a social simulation … principles and capitalizes on what has been learned over the past twenty years about the human cognitive architecture and how …
Research Report on User Modeling for Accessibility
Y Mohamad, C Kouroupetroglou – W3C WAI Research and …, 2014 – researchgate.net
… Even though significant effort has been made in physical user modeling, and many tools use virtual humans for simulation purposes, there is … This type of models is termed as cognitive architecture and has also been used to simulate human machine interaction to both explain …
How learning capabilities can make care robots more engaging
M Ben-Moussa, MA Fanourakis… – … 2014 Workshop on …, 2014 – contextawarerobotics.net
… of emotion effects on cognition,” in Proceedings of the AAAI Fall Symposium on Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures, 2008, pp … The Role of Imagination in Human-Robot Interaction,” in Proceedings of the Autonomous Social Robots and Virtual Humans workshop in the …
Review of spoken dialogue systems
R López-Cózar, Z Callejas, D Griol, JF Quesada – Loquens, 2014 – loquens.revistas.csic.es
… For example, Collagen is an application for building conversational assistants and collaborative agents (Rich & Sidner, 1998). AVATALK provides natural, interactive dialogues with responsive virtual humans (Hubal & Day, 2006) …
Spinning tri-layer-circle memory modeling for template updating during moving object tracking
Y Qi, Y Wang, X Niu – … on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC …, 2014 – ieeexplore.ieee.org
Page 1. Spinning Tri-Layer-Circle Memory Modeling for Template Updating During Moving Object Tracking Yujuan Qi, Yanjiang Wang, Xiaoran Niu College of Information and Control Engineering China University of Petroleum …
Report of the NSF-funded workshop on taskability (revised title: Interactive task learning)
JE Laird, S Mohan, J Kirk – 2014 – eecs.umich.edu
… of reasoning needed to solve Advanced Placement test problems in multiple domains, while Forbus’ Companion cognitive architecture has been … Constructive Agents and Virtual Humans We use “constructive agents” and “virtual humans” in this subsection to be inclusive and …
A Shared, Modular Architecture for Developing Virtual Humans
A Hartholt, D Traum, S Marsella… – … and Standards for …, 2014 – biecoll.ub.uni-bielefeld.de
… Leuski, A and Traum, D. NPCEditor: Creat- ing virtual human dialogue using information retrieval techniques … Paul S. Rosenbloom, The Sigma Cognitive Architecture and System, Society for the Study of Artificial Intelligence and the Simu- lation of Behaviour (AISB), 2013 20 …
Interaction Motivation Driven Virtual Human Emotion Modeling in Computer Engineering and Application
N Xiang, LL Yang – Advanced Materials Research, 2014 – Trans Tech Publ
… “Affective computing with primary and secondary emotions in a virtual human,” Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, vol. 20, no … [12] J. Laird. “Extending the Soar cognitive architecture,” Proceeding of the 2008 conference on Artificial General Intelligence IOS Press …
Sense of touch for virtual creatures
D Madrigal, F Ramos – 2014 5th IEEE Conference on Cognitive …, 2014 – ieeexplore.ieee.org
… 978-1-4799-7280-7/14/$31.00 ©2014 IEEE Page 2. Under this approach we are proposing Kuayolotl1, a cognitive architecture and a virtual human body that tries to mimic the structures, components and functions that participate in the generation of behaviors and sensations …
Effects of weightlessness on cognitive performance in humans
X Zhao, R Zhou, Q Liu, X Chen, S Chen – JOIN AAAS, 2014 – pdfs.semanticscholar.org
Page 22. Effects of weightlessness on cognitive performance in humans Xin Zhao1, 3, 5, Renlai Zhou1, 2, 3, 4*, Qing Liu1, 3, Xiaoping Chen6, Shanguang Chen6 It is important to study the effects of weightlessness on human …
ACT-R Workshop
DD Salvucci, MD Byrne, C Lebiere… – … of the Annual …, 2014 – cloudfront.escholarship.org
… ACT-R (Anderson, 2007) is a cognitive architecture that provides a theory and simulation system for human cognitive, perceptual, and motor processes … As a simulation system, ACT-R can be placed in the role of a virtual human user, performing a simulated (or even real robotic …
Unraveling Iconicity: Data-Driven Modeling of Iconic Gestures in Humans and Virtual Humans
PA Tepper – 2014 – search.proquest.com
Page 1. NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY Unraveling Iconicity: Data-Driven Modeling of Iconic Gestures in Humans and Virtual Humans A DISSERTATION … ABSTRACT Unraveling Iconicity: Data-Driven Modeling of Iconic Gestures in Humans and Virtual Humans Paul A. Tepper …
A Mapping of Monoamine Neuromodulators on Computational System Parameters
M Talanov, A Toschev – academia.edu
… [15] Othalia Larue, Pierre Poirier & Roger Nkambou (2012): A Three-Level Cognitive Architecture for the Simu- lation of HumanBehaviour … [19] Stacy Marsella & Jonathan Gratch (2003): Modeling Coping Behavior in Virtual Humans: Dont Worry, Be Happy …
IFAA2014-9-001 Anatomy comic strips
Y Zhang, W Cui – researchgate.net
… The production of multimedia material, 3D reconstruction of virtual human body using CT scan data, use of camtasia in histology teaching as well as … This theory describes that optimum learning can be achieved in conditions that are aligned with human cognitive architecture …
the task is to be performed under high workload (Schneider, 1985).
W SCHNEIDER – Human Performance Models for Computer …, 2014 – books.google.com
… 1984) MODELS FOR PREDICTING HUMAN PERFORMANCE Although there are no global models for accurately simulating the virtual human, a variety … These models gener- ally involve developing a cognitive architecture to accomplish a task and then ?tting parameters of the …
Ubiquity symposium: The science in computer science: the computing sciences and STEM education
PS Rosenbloom – Ubiquity, 2014 – researchgate.net
… is clear and compelling, whether this involves simulation or virtual reality, intelligent tutoring systems or virtual humans, human-? computer … Prof. Rosenbloom’s research focuses on cognitive architectures/systems that model the human mind while supporting the construction of …
Formal Approaches in Computational Psychoanalysis and the Embodiment Issue
RL Grotto – International Journal of Cognitive Informatics and …, 2014 – igi-global.com
… The development of box-and-arrows diagrams and the cognitive architectures approach is an example of an efficient conceptual device in this respect … A first critical area in the cognitive architectures approach is knowledge integration …
Application of an expectation model to influence cognitive agents behaviours in a collision avoidance scenario
Ioanna Pantelopoulou – 2014 – ir.lib.uth.gr
… In the following paragraphs there will be a detailed description of this model, which presents the mechanisms proposed by a generic cognitive architecture for agents with emotional influenced behaviors, called COGNITIVA, to maintain behavior control at will without giving up …
The Digital Mind: An Exploration of Artificial Intelligence
M Ryan – 2014 – books.google.com
… industry. Most mainstream AI researchers hope that strong AI can be developed by combining the programs that solve various sub problems using an integrated agent architecture, cognitive architecture or subsumption architecture …
Simulation, Modeling, and Programming for Autonomous Robots: 4th International Conference, SIMPAR 2014, Bergamo, Italy, October 20-23, 2014 …
D Brugali, J Broenink, T Kroeger, B MacDonald – 2014 – books.google.com
Page 1. Davide Brugali Jan F. Broenink Torsten Kroeger Bruce A. MacDonald (Eds.) Simulation, Modeling, and Programming for Autonomous Robots 4th International Conference, SIMPAR 2014 Bergamo, Italy, October 20–23, 2014 Proceedings 123 Page 2 …
Influence of normative models on social representations: The case of 30kph zones
J Bordarie, S Gaymard – Individual, Community & Society …, 2014 – okina.univ-angers.fr
… see Blascovich et al., 2002). The cyranoid technique brings these concepts of hybridity and transformed social identity into the realm of actual (ie, non-virtual) human-human interactions. Cyranoid- interactant interactions are …
Residual memory for background characters in complex environments
T McNulty, B Eng – University of Dublin, Trinity College, 2014 – scss.tcd.ie
… 57 3.7 A Goal Driven Behaviour example . . . . . 59 3.8 Representation of the Agent’s Cognitive Architecture . . . . . 61 4.1 The environmental navigation mesh. . . . . 67 4.2 Implementation Cue Types …
Scaffolding Made Visible
AM Olney – Design Recommendations for Intelligent Tutoring …, 2014 – books.google.com
Page 361. Design Recommendations for Intelligent Tutoring Systems-Volume 2: Instructional Management CHAPTER 26?Scaffolding Made Visible Andrew M. Olney University of Memphis Introduction The notion of scaffolding in instructional contexts is pervasive …
Imperfect Situation Analysis: Representing the Role of Error and Uncertainty in Modeling, Simulation and Analysis
VE Middleton – 2014 – corescholar.libraries.wright.edu
… Physics ….. 28 2.1.5 War Gaming in CyberSpace and the Virtual Human ….. 31 2.2 … 106 5 COGNITIVE ARCHITECTURES AND THE FUNCTION OF MIND ….. 113 5.1.1 …
International Workshop on Artificial Intelligence and Cognition
A Lieto, DP Radicioni, M Cruciani – ceur-ws.org
… In the paper “Using Meta-Cognition for Regulating Explanatory Quality Through a Cognitive Architecture”, by John Licato, Ron Sun and Selmer Bringsjord, the authors present an investigation on the generation of explanations, framed in the meta-cognitive and non-action …
Design and Experimental Evaluation of a Context-aware Social Gaze Control System for a Humanlike Robot
A Zaraki – 2014 – core.ac.uk
Page 1. Design and Experimental Evaluation of a Context-aware Social Gaze Control System for a Humanlike Robot Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Automatic, Robotics and Bioengineering By Abolfazl Zaraki …
How Computer Games Affect Kids Brains
M Moldofsky – mitchmoldofsky.com
Page 1. Braiming How Computer Games Affect Kids Brains Written and Illustrated by Mitch Moldofsky Page 2. 2 First Edition © 2014 Mitch Moldofsky All Rights Reserved Published by Page 3. 3 Dedicated to my own two digital natives, Rory and Gil Page 4. 4 Table of Contents …
Motion style retargeting
MAM Said – 2014 – search.proquest.com
Page 1. Graduate School ETD Form 9 (Revised 01/14) PURDUE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL Thesis/Dissertation Acceptance This is to certify that the thesis/dissertation prepared By Entitled For the degree of Is approved by the final examining committee …
Modelling and simulation for the network-locomotive coupling of the co-phase continuous power supply and high speed railway PDF
S Chen, X Li, G Bi, J Rong, R Cao – cmnt.lv
… An editing method of virtual human motion path based on movement cycle step-length is presented: it uses the Cardinal spline interpolation to extract the original path and equably sets the path editing control points; alters the positions of path editing control points to generate a …