Notes:
The Facial Action Coding System (FACS) is a standardized system for describing and analyzing facial expressions and movements. It was developed by Paul Ekman and Wallace Friesen in the 1970s and has since become a widely used tool in psychology, sociology, and other fields for studying nonverbal communication and emotion.
In FACS, the human face is divided into 44 different facial muscles, or “Action Units” (AUs). Each AU can be identified and coded based on specific facial movements or configurations. For example, AU1 corresponds to inner brow raiser (i.e., raising the inner brows), while AU12 corresponds to lip corner puller (i.e., pulling the corners of the lips upwards).
FACS is used in virtual humans to create realistic and expressive facial animations. By using FACS to code and replicate facial movements, virtual humans can display a wide range of facial expressions and emotions, making them more lifelike and engaging for users.
For example, a virtual human assistant might use FACS to display a smile when providing a helpful response, or a frown when conveying disappointment or frustration. By using FACS to create these facial expressions, the virtual human can better communicate its emotions and intentions to the user.
Wikipedia:
References:
See also:
100 Best Emotion Recognition Videos | 100 Best MakeHuman Videos | 100 Best Unity3d Facial Animation Videos | AutoTutor | Behavior Generation & Virtual Humans 2013 | SmartBody | Virtual Actors
FACS at 40: facial action coding system panel
M Seymour – ACM SIGGRAPH 2019 Panels, 2019 – dl.acm.org
… Seymour. CCS CONCEPTS • Computing methodologies ? Motion processing. KEYWORDS virtual humans, agents, nonverbal behavior, self-disclosure, Facial Action Coding System, facial expressions, facial simulation Permission …
Development and Validation of Basic Virtual Human Facial Emotion Expressions
MÁ Vicente-Querol, AS García… – … Work-Conference on …, 2019 – Springer
This paper introduces the design process of facial expressions on virtual humans to play basic emotions. The design of the emotions is grounded on the Facial Action Coding System that enables …
Realistic Facial Animation Review: Based on Facial Action Coding System
RM Tolba, T Al-Arif, ESM El Horbaty – Egyptian Computer Science …, 2018 – researchgate.net
… [14] I. Menne and B. Lugrin, “In the Face of Emotion: A Behavioral Study on Emotions Towards a Robot Using the Facial Action Coding System”, HRI ’17 … [33] A. Basori and A. Qasim, “Extreme Expression of Sweating in 3D Virtual Human”, Computers in Human Behavior, vol …
FACSHuman a Software to Create Experimental Material by Modeling 3D Facial Expression.
M Gilbert, S Demarchi, I Urdapilleta – IVA, 2018 – researchgate.net
… In Workshop on Autonomous Social Robots and Virtual Humans at the 25th Annual Conference on Computer Animation and Social Agents (CASA 2012) … 2002. Facial action coding system. 00022. [7] Eva G. Krumhuber, Lucas Tamarit, Etienne B. Roesch, and Klaus R. Scherer …
Facial expression recognition of 3D image using facial action coding system (FACS).
H Wibowo, F Firdausi, W Suharso, WA Kusuma… – …, 2019 – search.ebscohost.com
… 1999; 9(2). [5] TK Capin, E Petajan, J Ostermann. Efficient modeling of virtual humans in MPEG-4. Multimedia and Expo … [9] P Ekman, EL Rosenberg. What the face reveals: Basic and applied studies of spontaneous expression using the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) …
NADiA-Towards Neural Network Driven Virtual Human Conversation Agents
J Wu, S Ghosh, M Chollet, S Ly, S Mozgai… – Proceedings of the 17th …, 2018 – dl.acm.org
… 18 Action Units (AUs) as defined by the Facial Action Coding System (FACS). These 18 AUs can be used to infer the user’s affective state and influence the conversation dialog, or it can be used to perform facial mimicry by directly controlling the virtual human’s facial expression …
Facial Expression Grounded Conversational Dialogue Generation
B Huber, D McDuff – … Conference on Automatic Face & Gesture …, 2018 – ieeexplore.ieee.org
… To computationally model textual context and facial ex- pressions we need to choose a taxonomy for coding facial behavior. The facial action coding system (FACS) [12] is the most widely used and comprehensive taxonomy for such purposes …
FACSvatar: An Open Source Modular Framework for Real-Time FACS based Facial Animation
S van der Struijk, HH Huang, MS Mirzaei… – Proceedings of the 18th …, 2018 – dl.acm.org
… Virtual Human, Facial Expression, FACS, Animation Generation ACM Reference Format: Stef van der Struijk, Hung-Hsuan Huang, Maryam Sadat … based application that was constructed to collect and map facial action units based on FACS (Facial Action Coding System) [4] to a …
Impact of Learner-Centered Affective Dynamics on Metacognitive Judgements and Performance in Advanced Learning Technologies
R Sawyer, NV Mudrick, R Azevedo, J Lester – International Conference on …, 2018 – Springer
… text, diagram, and intelligent virtual human (IVH). Facial expression features were extracted automatically from a facial expression recognition system, FACET [13]. FACET extracts facial measurements from video streams that correspond to the Facial Action Coding System [11] …
Hybrid Integration of Euclidean and Geodesic Distance-Based RBF Interpolation for Facial Animation
MR Carretero, L You, Z Xiao… – ICGST Journal of …, 2019 – eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk
… [4] P. Ekman and WV Friesen, Manual for the facial action coding system … His research focuses on a number of topics relating to 3D Computer Animation, including virtual human modelling and simulation, geometric modelling, motion synthesis, soft body deformation and physics …
Toward RNN Based Micro Non-verbal Behavior Generation for Virtual Listener Agents
HH Huang, M Fukuda, T Nishida – International Conference on Human …, 2019 – Springer
… CoRR abs/1406.1078, September 2014. http://arxiv.org/abs/1406.1078. 4. Ekman, P., Friesen, WV, Hager, JC: Facial Action Coding System (FACS) … Wu, J., Ghosh, S., Chollet, M., Ly, S., Mozgai, S., Scherer, S.: NADiA: neural network driven virtual human conversation agents …
Analysis of facial emotion recognition technology and its effectiveness in human interaction
Q Li, YA Kim – International Conference on Applied Human Factors …, 2018 – Springer
… 2. The study of happiness and sadness from the basic facial action coding system. Voice and Music … 3. The study of mere exposure effect from Robert Boles?aw Zajonc. 2 Method. The philosophical foundation for the method of this study was based in the virtual human interaction …
Reverse engineering psychologically valid facial expressions of emotion into social robots
C Chen, OGB Garrod, J Zhan, J Beskow… – 2018 13th IEEE …, 2018 – ieeexplore.ieee.org
… Our future work will therefore aim to transfer this animation display system to this social robot and other platforms including virtual humans (eg, [24]) and robot heads with artificial … [1] P. Ekman and WV Friesen, Manual for the facial action coding system: Consulting Psychologists …
Rapid Facial Reactions in Response to Facial Expressions of Emotion Displayed by Real Versus Virtual Faces
L Philip, JC Martin, C Clavel – i-Perception, 2018 – journals.sagepub.com
Facial expressions of emotion provide relevant cues for understanding social interactions and the affective processes involved in emotion perception. Virtual hu…
Expressive Virtual Human: Impact of expressive wrinkles and pupillary size on emotion recognition
AS Milcent, E Geslin, A Kadri, S Richir – Proceedings of the 19th ACM …, 2019 – dl.acm.org
… The improvement of virtual human expressiveness, by mixing new techniques such as photogrammetry and respecting basic concepts such as the FACS, promotes more qualitative interactions and con- tributes to a more complete … Manual for the facial action coding system …
The impact of agent facial mimicry on social behavior in a prisoner’s dilemma
R Hoegen, J Van Der Schalk, G Lucas… – Proceedings of the 18th …, 2018 – dl.acm.org
… 2.2 Virtual human mimicry design In order for the virtual human to mimic participant expressions in the contingent conditions, we tracked the … and for tracking smiles we used AU12 (lip corner puller, zygomaticus major), as de- fined by the Facial Action Coding System[11] …
Emotional expressions reconsidered: Challenges to inferring emotion from human facial movements
LF Barrett, R Adolphs, S Marsella… – … science in the …, 2019 – journals.sagepub.com
It is commonly assumed that a person’s emotional state can be readily inferred from his or her facial movements, typically called emotional expressions or facial expressions. This assumption influe…
Development of a Toolkit for Online Analysis of Facial Emotion
H Rivera, C Valadão, E Caldeira, S Krishnan… – XXVI Brazilian Congress …, 2019 – Springer
… Springer (2007)Google Scholar. 2. Devault, D., Artstein, R., Benn, G., Dey, T., Fast, E., Gainer, A., Morency, L.: Virtual human interviewer for healthcare decisión … Ekman, P., Friesen, W.: The Facial Action Coding System: A Technique For The Measurement of Facial Movement …
Engaging with the Scenario: Affect and Facial Patterns from a Scenario-Based Intelligent Tutoring System
BD Nye, S Karumbaiah, ST Tokel, MG Core… – … Conference on Artificial …, 2018 – Springer
… CERT reports emotion estimates as well as the activation of 20 action units (AUs), following the well-validated Facial Action Coding System (FACS) … Int. J. Artif. Intell. Educ. 16(1), 3–28 (2006)Google Scholar. 10. Ekman, P., Friesen, WV: Facial Action Coding System …
Mapping Beyond the Uncanny Valley: A Delphi Study on Aiding Adoption of Realistic Digital Faces.
M Seymour, K Riemer, J Kay – HICSS, 2019 – pdfs.semanticscholar.org
… Page 4784 Page 2. digital human face multifaceted … Often these key poses relate to the theory of Facial Action Coding System (FACS) which break down the face’s expressions into Action Units (AU)[13]. This is the standard industry practice, as validated in this research …
User affect and no-match dialogue scenarios: an analysis of facial expression
JB Wiggins, M Kulkarni, W Min, KE Boyer… – Proceedings of the 4th …, 2018 – dl.acm.org
… The AFFDEX SDK also provides several facial expression estimates, including composite measurements such as Joy, Sadness, Anger, and also what are referred to as Facial Action Units that correspond to the Facial Action Coding System Page 6 …
Mapping Beyond the Uncanny Valley: A Delphi Study on Aiding Adoption of Realistic Digital Faces
K Riemer, J Kay – Proceedings of the 52nd …, 2019 – scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu
… Page 4784 Page 2. digital human face multifaceted … Often these key poses relate to the theory of Facial Action Coding System (FACS) which break down the face’s expressions into Action Units (AU)[13]. This is the standard industry practice, as validated in this research …
Crossing the Uncanny Valley? Understanding Affinity, Trustworthiness, and Preference for More Realistic Virtual Humans in Immersive Environments.
M Seymour, L Yuan, A Dennis, K Riemer – HICSS, 2019 – pdfs.semanticscholar.org
… the Guest had the active roles carrying on a conversation on the history, progress and the future of virtual human technology … solving’ of the Host’s expressions into ‘expression space’ (Figure 3). The expression space is based on the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) system …
The influence of dynamics and speech on understanding humanoid facial expressions
N Lazzeri, D Mazzei, M Ben Moussa… – International …, 2018 – journals.sagepub.com
Human communication relies mostly on nonverbal signals expressed through body language. Facial expressions, in particular, convey emotional information that all…
Crossing the Uncanny Valley? Understanding Affinity, Trustworthiness, and Preference for More Realistic Virtual Humans in Immersive Environments
L Yuan, A Dennis, K Riemer – … of the 52nd …, 2019 – scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu
… the Guest had the active roles carrying on a conversation on the history, progress and the future of virtual human technology … solving’ of the Host’s expressions into ‘expression space’ (Figure 3). The expression space is based on the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) system …
Animated Agents’ Facial Emotions: Does the Agent Design Make a Difference?
N Adamo, HN Dib, NJ Villani – … on Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality and …, 2019 – Springer
… Malor Books, Cambridge (1975)Google Scholar. 17. Ekman, P., Friesen, VW: Manual for the Facial Action Coding System. Consulting Psychologists Press (1977)Google Scholar. 18. Garcia-Rojas, A., et al.: Emotional face expression profiles supported by virtual human ontology …
An Investigation on the Effectiveness of Multimodal Fusion and Temporal Feature Extraction in Reactive and Spontaneous Behavior Generative RNN Models for …
HH Huang, M Fukuda, T Nishida – … of the 7th International Conference on …, 2019 – dl.acm.org
… 2002. Facial Action Coding System (FACS). Website … 2018. NADiA: Neural Network Driven Virtual Human Conversation Agents. In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents (IVA 2018) . Sydney, Australia, 173–178. top of page CITED BY …
Detecting Decision Ambiguity from Facial Images
P Jahoda, A Vobecky, J Cech… – 2018 13th IEEE …, 2018 – ieeexplore.ieee.org
… REFERENCES [1] M. Stone and I. Oh, “Modeling facial expression of uncertainty in conversational animation,” in Modeling Communication with Robots and Virtual Humans, 2008, lNCS 4930 … [17] P. Ekman and W. Friesen, Facial action coding system: Investigator’s Guide …
An embodied virtual agent platform for emotional Stroop effect experiments: A proof of concept
A Oker, N Glas, F Pecune, C Pelachaud – Biologically inspired cognitive …, 2018 – Elsevier
… in this paper; Ekman and Friesen (1978) also proposed a taxonomic system of facial muscles named FACS (Facial Action Coding System) which would … According to Gratch, “virtual humans aspire to simulate the cognitive abilities of people, but also many of the “embodied …
Generating Photorealistic Facial Expressions in Dyadic Interactions.
Y Huang, SM Khan – BMVC, 2018 – bmvc2018.org
… Simsensei: A virtual human interviewer for healthcare decision support. In Thirteenth International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems (AAMAS), 2014. [8] P. Ekman and W. Friesen. Facial action coding system: A technique for the measure- ment of facial …
Development of a Platform for RNN Driven Multimodal Interaction with Embodied Conversational Agents
HH Huang, M Fukuda, T Nishida – Proceedings of the 19th ACM …, 2019 – dl.acm.org
… KEYWORDS embodied conversational agents, facial expression, multimodal in- teraction, facial action coding system, recurrent neural network, gated recurrent unit … 2018. NADiA: Neural Network Driven Virtual Human Conversation Agents …
An emotionally aware embodied conversational agent
SS Sohn, X Zhang, F Geraci, M Kapadia – Proceedings of the 17th …, 2018 – ifaamas.org
… 1978. Facial Action Coding System: A Tech- nique for the Measurement of Facial Movement. Consulting Psychologists Press. [5] Simina Emerich, Eugen Lupu, and Anca Apatean … 2011. Authoring and Evaluating Autonomous Virtual Human Simulations. Ph.D. Dissertation …
Not Alone Here?! Scalability and User Experience of Embodied Ambient Crowds in Distributed Social Virtual Reality
ME Latoschik, F Kern, JP Stauffert… – IEEE transactions on …, 2019 – ieeexplore.ieee.org
… like full-body motion track- ing [21, 45] and/or face tracking [24], and b) an appropriate model of a virtual human body matching … we include the seven basic emotions of Ekman and Friesen in F1 and a selection of 44 Action Units of the Facial Action Coding System [11] encoded …
Nonverbal behavior in multimodal performances
A Cafaro, C Pelachaud, SC Marsella – The Handbook of Multimodal …, 2019 – dl.acm.org
… 219. 44. P. Ekman, W. Friesen, and J. Hager. 2002. The Facial Action Coding System (2nd Edition). Research Nexus eBook, London, Weidenfeld & Nicolson (world), Salt Lake City, UT. 226 … 2013. All Together Now. Introducing the Virtual Human Toolkit, pp. 368–381 …
Social VR: How personal space is affected by virtual agents’ emotions
A Bönsch, S Radke, H Overath… – … IEEE Conference on …, 2018 – ieeexplore.ieee.org
… in Second Life [14] and they respect a VA’s PS [4, 5] while keeping smaller distances to virtual objects than to virtual humans [3]. Based … The expressions were based on Action Units of the Facial Action Coding System and optimized for the single VA, which can be seen in the left …
Persona: A Method for Facial Analysis in Video and Application in Entertainment
A Braun, R Queiroz, W Lee, B Feijo… – … in Entertainment (CIE), 2018 – dl.acm.org
… Lee, and B. Feijo; emails: {adriana.braun, rossana.queiroz}@acad.pucrs.br, wslee@uottawa. ca, bfeijo@inf.puc-rio.br; SR Musse, Virtual Humans Simulation Laboratory … The Facial Action Coding System (FACS) is a tool for analyzing facial expressions proposed by Ekman et al …
Expressive Avatars in Psychological Intervention and Therapy
AP Cláudio, MB Carmo, A Gaspar… – Interface Support for …, 2019 – igi-global.com
… Facial action coding system. Salt Lake City, UT: Research Nexus … Avatars in clini- cal psychology: a framework for the clinical use of virtual humans. Cyberpsychology & Behavior: The Impact of the Internet, Multimedia and Virtual Reality on Behavior and Society, 6(2), 117–125 …
A comprehensive survey on automatic facial action unit analysis
R Zhi, M Liu, D Zhang – The Visual Computer, 2019 – Springer
… Abstract Facial Action Coding System is the most influential sign judgment method for facial behavior, and it is a comprehensive and anatomical system which could encode various facial movements by the combination of basic AUs (Action Units) …
Facial Expression Recognition as Dynamic Game Balancing System
JV Moniaga, A Chowanda, A Prima… – Procedia Computer …, 2018 – Elsevier
… 15. Zhu, W., Chowanda, A., Valstar, M.. Topic switch models for dialogue management in virtual humans … 19. Ekman, P., Rosenberg, EL. What the face reveals: Basic and applied studies of spontaneous expression using the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) …
International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences
AH Basori, MA Ahmed, AS Prabuwono, A Yunianta… – 2018 – researchgate.net
… EEG data of participants, Facial Action Coding System (FACS) is used to represent the internal emotions of participants as avatar facial expressions in real time. The Action Units (AUs) are created on facemask muscle motion to produce facemask languages on a virtual human …
Requirements and Concepts for Interaction Mobile and Web
C Pelachaud, RB Kantharaju – 2018 – council-of-coaches.eu
… ECC Embodied Conversational Coach FACS Facial Action Coding System FAP Facial Animation Parameter … Coach An entity that interacts with a person and in doing so applies coaching strategies. It can be a virtual human avatar or software-based …
A High-Fidelity Open Embodied Avatar with Lip Syncing and Expression Capabilities
D Aneja, D McDuff, S Shah – arXiv preprint arXiv:1909.08766, 2019 – arxiv.org
… 1983. EMFACS-7: Emotional facial action coding system. Unpublished manuscript, University of California at San Francisco 2, 36 (1983), 1. [8] Epic Games. 2007 … 2012. Ren- der me real?: investigating the effect of render style on the perception of animated virtual humans …
Synthetic Beings and Synthespian Ethics: Embodiment Technologies in Science/Fiction
J Stadler – Projections, 2019 – berghahnjournals.com
… Such research into virtual humans demonstrates how different disciplines and, indeed, re- search into fictional characters and our … and auto-matches their facial performance information to the appropriate expressions located in a FACS (Facial Action Coding System) library of up …
Saving Face in Front of the Computer? Culture and Attributions of Human Likeness Influence Users’ Experience of Automatic Facial Emotion Recognition
JP Stein, P Ohler – Frontiers in Digital Humanities, 2018 – frontiersin.org
… AFER measures a wide range of movements in the user’s facial muscles, including micro-expressions that are nearly undetectable to the human eye, before applying classification systems such as the Facial Action Coding System (Ekman and Friesen, 1978) to provide accurate …
A Generative Approach for Dynamically Varying Photorealistic Facial Expressions in Human-Agent Interactions
Y Huang, S Khan – Proceedings of the 2018 on International Conference …, 2018 – dl.acm.org
Page 1. A Generative Approach for Dynamically Varying Photorealistic Facial Expressions in Human-Agent Interactions Yuchi Huang, Saad Khan ACTNext, ACT Inc. Iowa City, Iowa yuchi.huang@act.org,saad.khan@act.org …
Appearance Based Feature Extraction and Selection Methods for Facial Expression Recognition
Y Kumar, SK Verma, S Sharma – Available at SSRN 3355351, 2019 – papers.ssrn.com
… and one of the most attentive research area with several applications including animation, human-computer interaction, virtual human interaction, psychology study … Facial action units are the atomic facial actions defined by Facial Action Coding System (FACS) (Valstar, 2015) …
Perception of virtual characters
E Zell, K Zibrek, R McDonnell – ACM SIGGRAPH 2019 Courses, 2019 – dl.acm.org
… https://doi.org/10.1145/3305366.3328101 1 COURSE DESCRIPTION Virtual humans are finding a growing number of applications, such as in social media apps, Spaces by Facebook, Bitmoji and Genies, as well as computer games and human-computer interfaces …
Computational Analysis of Affect, Personality, and Engagement in Human–Robot Interactions
O Celiktutan, E Sariyanidi, H Gunes – Computer Vision for Assistive …, 2018 – Elsevier
… 16]. Emotion recognition methods from facial cues aim at recognizing the appearance of facial actions or the expression of emotions conveyed by these actions, and usually rely on the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) [17] …
Multimodal assessment of depression from behavioral signals
JF Cohn, N Cummins, J Epps, R Goecke… – The Handbook of …, 2018 – dl.acm.org
… 2007. Observer-based measurement of facial expression with the facial action coding system. In JA Coan and JJB Allen, editors, Handbook of Emotion Elicitation and Assessment … 2014. Simsensei kiosk: A virtual human interviewer for healthcare decision support …
Toward dynamic pain expressions in avatars: perceived realism and pain level of different action unit orders
MH Tessier, C Gingras, N Robitaille… – Computers in Human …, 2019 – Elsevier
… In order to decode and study facial expressions, the Facial Action Coding System (FACS; Ekman & Friesen, 1978; Ekman, Friesen, & Hager … advantage for women could also be reflected in their greater sensitivity to nonverbal behavioral realism of virtual humans compared to …
Emotional domotics: a system and experimental model development for UX implementations
SA Navarro-Tuch, AA Lopez-Aguilar… – International Journal on …, 2019 – Springer
… performance when it comes to finding action units (AU) [17] needed for deter- mining the mood based on the FACS (Facial Action Coding System) [18]; given … Du and Wang pro- posed an emotional model of a virtual human to design a smart house in order to improve the comfort …
Facial Emotion Recognition: Virtual Reality Program for Facial Emotion Recognition—A Trial Program Targeted at Individuals With Schizophrenia
T Souto, H Silva, A Leite, A Baptista… – Rehabilitation …, 2019 – journals.sagepub.com
… Program Targeted at Individuals With Schizophrenia. Show all authors Teresa Souto, PhD 1 Teresa Souto. 1Lusofona University of Porto, Portugal; Digital Human- Environment Interaction Lab (HEI-Lab) See all articles by this author.
Emotional dialogue generation using image-grounded language models
B Huber, D McDuff, C Brockett, M Galley… – Proceedings of the 2018 …, 2018 – dl.acm.org
… Facial Coding The facial action coding system (FACS) [14] is the most widely used and comprehensive taxonomy for coding facial actions … The face features are the facial action units from the facial action coding system (FACS) …
How Actors Can Animate Game Characters: Integrating Performance Theory in the Emotion Model of a Game Character
S Schiffer – Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial …, 2019 – wvvw.aaai.org
… Freitas-Magalhães, A. 2018. Facial Action Coding System – Manual of Scientific Codification of the Human Face, Alfragide, Portugal: Leye-Escrytos. Gratch, J. 2008. True Emotion vs … In Modeling Communication with Robots and Virtual Humans, 181-197 …
A review of computational approaches for human behavior detection
S Nigam, R Singh, AK Misra – Archives of Computational Methods in …, 2019 – Springer
… The Virtual Human Action Silhouette ViHASi [125] is a large body of video data of human silhouette generated for recognition of human behavior in … [123] deal with different expression paradigms, real-time performance of techniques, facial action coding system and multimodal …
Affect-Based Early Prediction of Player Mental Demand and Engagement for Educational Games
JB Wiggins, M Kulkarni, W Min, B Mott, KE Boyer… – … Artificial Intelligence and …, 2018 – aaai.org
… Manual for the facial action coding system. Consulting Psychologists Press … Mudrick, N. V, Taub, M., Azevedo, R., Rowe, J., and Lester, J. 2017. Toward affect-sensitive virtual human tutors: The influence of facial expressions on learning and emotion …
How effective is emotional design? A meta-analysis on facial anthropomorphisms and pleasant colors during multimedia learning
C Brom, T Stárková, SK D’Mello – Educational Research Review, 2018 – Elsevier
Skip to main content Skip to article …
How do Leaders Perceive Stress and Followership from Nonverbal Behaviors Displayed by Virtual Followers?
G Demary, JC Martin, S Dubourdieu, S Travers… – Proceedings of the 19th …, 2019 – dl.acm.org
… [20] P. Ekman and EL Rosenberg, What the face reveals: Basic and applied studies of spontaneous expression using the Facial Action Coding System (FACS). Oxford University Press, USA, 1997 … 236-249, 2015. [27] G. Lucas, and P. Khooshabeh, ” Virtual Human Role Players …
Cultural Social Signal Interplay with an Expressive Robot.
PE McKenna, A Ghosh, R Aylett, F Broz, G Rajendran – IVA, 2018 – researchportal.hw.ac.uk
… Expressions were designed bottom-up by irst linking EMYS’s DOFs to the single facial movements deined by the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) [8], then matching them against afective states in the dimensional model Pleasure-Arousal-Dominance (PAD) [23]; for full …
Web-Based Embodied Conversational Agents and Older People
G Llorach, J Agenjo, J Blat, S Sayago – Perspectives on Human-Computer …, 2019 – Springer
… 8.1). Table 8.1 Comparative analysis of different tools to create virtual humans. High-level geometry control … In terms of the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) (Ekman and Rosenberg 1997): AU2, AU4, AU1, AU43; AU22, AU12, AU15, AU24, AU27 respectively. 5 …
The Attribution of Emotional State-How Embodiment Features and Social Traits Affect the Perception of an Artificial Agent
M Paetzel, G Castellano, G Varni… – 2018 27th IEEE …, 2018 – ieeexplore.ieee.org
… [23] looked at the extroversion level of an observer and its influence on the perception of emotional cues in a human, two robot platforms and a virtual human … He was following the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) [9] when performing the six basic emotions …
Measuring and Inferring the State of the User via the Microsoft Kinect with Application to Cyber Security Research
CJ Garneau – 2018 – apps.dtic.mil
… on automatically recognizing facial indicators of frustration during learning; certain action units within the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) were … work is motivated by the presupposition that measuring these behaviors will improve interaction with virtual human agents …
Design and Development of a Game for Recognizing and Expressing Emotions
V Ivanov, R Ivanov, N Koceska – 2019 – eprints.ugd.edu.mk
… synthesis. The game uses avatars to recognize, create or mimic the emotion expression of a human. Another application that uses virtual humans (avatars), to teach emotion recognition to children, is cMotion [12]. By introducing …
A Multi-Task Learning & Generation Framework: Valence-Arousal, Action Units & Primary Expressions
D Kollias, S Zafeiriou – arXiv preprint arXiv:1811.07771, 2018 – arxiv.org
… Sadness, Surprise and Neutral [6][5]. Discrete emotion representation can also be described in terms of the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) model, in … research in automatic anal- ysis of facial affect aims at developing systems, such as robots and virtual humans, that will …
Multimodal Databases
M Valstar – The Handbook of Multimodal-Multisensor Interfaces …, 2019 – books.google.com
… Virtual Human is a digital anthropomorphic representation of a system with which users can interact with. It combines realistic rendering techniques with intelligent behavior to make the virtual human as believable as possible …
Behind the robot’s smiles and frowns: In social context, people do not mirror android’s expressions but react to their informational value
G Hofree, P Ruvolo, A Reinert, MS Bartlett… – Frontiers in …, 2018 – frontiersin.org
Facial actions are key element of non-verbal behavior. Perceivers’ reactions to others’ facial expressions often represent a match or mirroring (eg, they smile to a smile). However, the information conveyed by an expression depends on context. Thus, when shown by an opponent …
Volumetric Intelligence: A Framework for the Creation of Interactive Volumetric Captured Characters
V Pardinho – Frontiers in Psychology, 2019 – pdfs.semanticscholar.org
… 2014) can be mentioned. as works, where high-end hardware and software were created in order to achieve a realistic virtual human being,. In our case, we seek … It is also possible to follow a Facial Action Coding System (FACS) (Ekman, 1997) in order …
Automated Pain Detection from Facial Expressions using FACS: A Review
Z Chen, R Ansari, D Wilkie – arXiv preprint arXiv:1811.07988, 2018 – arxiv.org
… A literature survey conducted from 1982 to June 2014 with keywords ”facial action coding system pain” by Rojo et al [73] found only … provides high-quality, multimodal recording to study social signals occurring during interaction between human beings and virtual human avatars …
A survey on big data-driven digital phenotyping of mental health
Y Liang, X Zheng, DD Zeng – Information Fusion, 2019 – Elsevier
Skip to main content Skip to article Elsevier logo.
Distinct facial expressions represent pain and pleasure across cultures
C Chen, C Crivelli, OGB Garrod… – Proceedings of the …, 2018 – National Acad Sciences
Skip to main content. Submit; About: Editorial Board; PNAS Staff; FAQ; Rights and Permissions; Site Map. Contact; Journal Club; Subscribe: Subscription Rates; Subscriptions FAQ; Open Access; Recommend PNAS to Your Librarian. Log in; Log out; My Cart. Main menu …
Multimodel Assessment of Depression from Behavioral Signals
JF Cohn, N Cummins, J Epps – The Handbook of Multimodal …, 2018 – books.google.com
… FACS refers to the Facial Action Coding System [Ekman & Friesen, 1978; Ekman, Friesen, & Hager, 2002]. FACS describes facial activity in terms of anatomically based action units (AUs) … They applied both Ekman’s manual Facial Action Coding System (FACS)[Ekman et al …
Applying Probabilistic Programming to Affective Computing
D Ong, H Soh, J Zaki… – IEEE Transactions on …, 2019 – ieeexplore.ieee.org
Page 1. 1949-3045 (c) 2018 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/ redistribution requires IEEE permission. See http://www.ieee.org/ publications_standards/publications/rights/index.html for more information. This …
Actors, avatars and agents: potentials and implications of natural face technology for the creation of realistic visual presence
M Seymour, K Riemer, J Kay – Journal of the Association for …, 2018 – aisel.aisnet.org
… decomposition and digital expression reconstruction is done via a human-expression coding scheme called the facial action coding system: action units (FACS- AUs) (Ekman, 1992), which enables the translation of human face expressions into actions carried out by the avatar …
Multimodal Learning Analytics: Assessing Learners’ Mental States During the Process of Learning
S Oviatt, J Grafsgaard, L Chen… – The Handbook of …, 2018 – books.google.com
Page 357. 11.1 Multimodal Learning Analytics: Assessing Learners’ Mental State During the Process of Learning Sharon Oviatt, Joseph Grafsgaard, Lei Chen, Xavier Ochoa Introduction Today, new technologies are making …
Facial Animation Analysis
RM Ragab – 2018 – researchgate.net
… 1, January 2018. 2. Rahma M. Tolba, Taha El-Arif, and El-Sayed M. El Horbaty, “Facial Action Coding System for the Tongue”, NAUN Journal: International Journal of Computers, ISSN: 1998-4308, Vol … 67 Chapter 4: Facial Action Coding System (FACS) …. 71 4.1 …
Expressive Inverse Kinematics Solving in Real-time for Virtual and Robotic Interactive Characters
T Ribeiro, A Paiva – arXiv preprint arXiv:1909.13875, 2019 – arxiv.org
… By relying heavily on scripting however, it makes it difficult to generalize behaviour to any type of embodiment (most are specifically made for virtual humans), and also makes it difficult to specify certain nuances for particular characters and situations …
Multimodal Sentiment Analysis: A Comparison Study
IO Hussien, YH Jazyah – 2018 – pdfs.semanticscholar.org
… 3). Facial Action Coding System … One of these systems, the Facial Action Coding System (FACS) developed by Paul and Friesen (1978) has been widely used. FACS depended on Action Units (AU) to reconstruct facial expressions …
Literature Survey and Datasets
S Poria, A Hussain, E Cambria – Multimodal Sentiment Analysis, 2018 – Springer
… expressions. In this section, we present various studies on the use of visual features for multimodal affect analysis. 3.3.1.1 Facial Action Coding System. As facial cues gained traction in discerning emotions, a number of obse.
International perspectives on tele-education and virtual learning environments
G Orange, D Hobbs – 2018 – books.google.com
Page 1. ROUTLEDGEREV VA LS International Perspectives on Tele-Education and Virtual Learning Environments Edited by Graham Orange Dave Hobbs Page 2. INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES ON TELE-EDUCATION AND VIRTUAL LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS Page …
Design and implementation of embodied conversational agents
F Geraci – 2019 – rucore.libraries.rutgers.edu
… ent aspects. One efficient and direct way to obtain emotional information is through facial expressions. The Facial Action Coding System (FACS) devised by Ekman and Friesen established a formal way to describe facial expressions. To improve the accu …
A survey on face modeling: building a bridge between face analysis and synthesis
H Salam, R Séguier – The Visual Computer, 2018 – Springer
Face modeling refers to modeling the shape and appearance of human faces which lays the basis for model-based facial analysis, synthesis and animation. This paper summarizes the existing…
Contextual influences in decoding pain expressions: effects of patient age, informational priming, and observer characteristics
AJD Hampton, T Hadjistavropoulos, MM Gagnon – Pain, 2018 – ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
… 15,34. Subsequently, 2 research assistants coded the facial expressions using the Facial Action Coding System (FACS). 20 The FACS quantifies 44 discrete facial movements, or action units (AUs), based on the functional anatomy of facial muscles …
Context-based Human-Machine Interaction Framework for Arti ficial Social Companions
JML Quintas – 2018 – estudogeral.sib.uc.pt
Page 1. is-a is-a is-a is-a is-a João Manuel Leitão Quintas Context-based Human-Machine Interaction Framework for Arti cial Social Companions Tese de Doutoramento em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores, no …
Dynamic deep learning for automatic facial expression recognition and its application in diagnosis of ADHD & ASD
S Jaiswal – 2018 – eprints.nottingham.ac.uk
… 29 3.2 Facial Action Units defined according to Facial Action Coding System (FACS). Images taken from https://www.cs.cmu.edu … In 1978, Ekman and Fiesen(Ekman et al., 2002) developed the Facial Action Coding System (FACS). It provided a system …
Designing Adaptive Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Fostering Cognitive, Affective, and Metacognitive Self-Regulated Learning Processes Using Multimodal …
NV Mudrick – 2018 – repository.lib.ncsu.edu
… 75 CHAPTER 4: TOWARD AFFECT SENSITIVE VIRTUAL HUMAN TUTORS: THE INFLUENCE OF FACIAL EXPRESSIONS ON LEARNING AND EMOTIONS….. 76 Page 10. vii …
Artificial agents as social companions: design guidelines for emotional interactions
C Tsiourti – 2018 – archive-ouverte.unige.ch
Page 1. Thesis Reference Artificial agents as social companions: design guidelines for emotional interactions TSIOURTI, Christiana Abstract Virtual and robotic agents are becoming increasingly prominent, taking on a variety …
A Comparison of Machine Learning Techniques for Facial Expression Recognition
MW Deaney – 2018 – etd.uwc.ac.za
Page 1. UNIVERSITY OF THE WESTERN CAPE A Comparison of Machine Learning Techniques for Facial Expression Recognition by Mogammat Waleed Deaney A thesis submitted in fulfillment for the degree of Master of Science in the …
A survey of emotion recognition methods with emphasis on E-Learning environments
M Imani, GA Montazer – Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 2019 – Elsevier
Interactive advertising displays
G Beyer – 2018 – edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de
Page 1. INTERACTIVE ADVERTISING DISPLAYS Audience Behavior around Interactive Advertising Columns, Life-size Screens and Banner Displays Gilbert Beyer Page 2. INTERACTIVE ADVERTISING DISPLAYS Audience Behavior around Interactive Advertising Columns …
Learning and Collaboration Technologies. Learning and Teaching: 5th International Conference, LCT 2018, Held as Part of HCI International 2018, Las …
P Zaphiris, A Ioannou – 2018 – books.google.com
… Conference on Cross-Cultural Design (CCD 2018) • 10th International Conference on Social Computing and Social Media (SCSM 2018) • 12th International Conference on Augmented Cognition (AC 2018) • 9th International Conference on Digital Human Modeling and …
Multimodal Depression Detection: An Investigation of Features and Fusion Techniques for Automated Systems
MR Morales – 2018 – academicworks.cuny.edu
… 45 5.1 OpenMM Pipeline . . . . . 59 7.1 Ellie the virtual human interviewer. . . . . 87 7.2 Distribution of PHQ-8 depression scores for the subset of the DAIC-WOZ corpus …
Do you see my pain? Aspects of pain assessment in hospitalized preverbal children
RD Andersen – 2018 – openarchive.ki.se
… FACS Facial Action Coding System FLACC Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability … performed in adults based on the Facial Action Coding System (FACS), a comprehensive system describing the complete set of facial actions or muscle movements the face is capable …